rock cycle - genesis manansala

The Rock Cycle

Igneous

• Formed from molten rock (magma/lava) that has cooled• Literally means “from fire”

Volcanic Eruption

Igneous Rock

can become

***When the lava cools and turns into a solid, it can turn into quartz.

Liquid hot lava

As an example:

Formed on top of the crust.Small, hard to see crystals (cooled

quickly)Ex: Pumice, Obsidian

***No visible crystals in either rock

When magma from below rises and punches through, the minerals don’t have time to crystallize – therefore, they produce rocks with small crystals.

Magma(inside)

Lava Flow(Outside)

Boom!ash, gasses,

volcanic glass, etc.

The lava will quickly cool into solid rock!

Other types of rock can be blasted out

IGNEOUS - Extrusive Little or NO Crystals!

IGNEOUS - Extrusive Little or NO Crystals!

IGNEOUS - Extrusive Little or NO Crystals!

IGNEOUS - Extrusive Little or NO Crystals!

IGNEOUS - Extrusive Little or NO Crystals!

Formed inside the crust/mantle. These types always have large visible

crystals. (cooled slowly) Ex: Granite and Gabbro

This is a special kind of Granite called: “Pink Granite”

***Notice that both rocks have easy to see crystals

Magma

When magma from below rises up, but does not make it to the surface, the minerals start to crystallize slowly and form large crystals.

Or not…This became Granite because it never made it to the surface!

Notice the bulge that forms! There might be an eruption soon!

IGNEOUS - IntrusiveLarge Interlocking Crystals!

IGNEOUS - IntrusiveLarge Interlocking Crystals!

IGNEOUS - IntrusiveLarge Interlocking Crystals!

IGNEOUS - IntrusiveLarge Interlocking Crystals!

Sedimentary

Formed by sediments (pieces of rock, shells, and dead organisms) becoming “cemented” (stuck) together.

Coal

Limestone

Sandstone

Conglomerate

***You can see lots of different stuff stuck together in these rocks!

1. Start at the Surface

4. Sedimentation & Deposition

5. Compaction & Cementation

2. Weather (Break Up)

3. Erode (Carry Away)

© Beadle, 2009

Sediments worn away gather here

Igneous rock

Layers of sand and sedimentsRain moves sand, dirt, and

rocks down to the ocean

Earth surface

Ocean

Metamorphic

To “Morph” means to change it!

• They were once Igneous or Sedimentary rocks that got buried DEEP under ground.

• The heat and pressure from being deep underground changed the rocks.

• Has large, inter-grown crystals in thin “bands” (Foliated) or clusters (Non-Foliated).

1. Get some pre-formed rock – Igneous or

Sedimentary will do.

2a. Add Heat “cook

it”

3. Cool & (Re)-Crystallize

4. Metamorphic Rock!!!

Note: If it melts completely and

cools; It will turn back into an

Igneous Rock

2b. Squeeze (pressure) to

“Foliate”

Heat and pressure

Rocks are“Morphed”

Rock Cycle