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Role of Systems Architecting in Innovationby Gerrit Muller University of South-Eastern Norway-NISE
e-mail: gaudisite@gmail.comwww.gaudisite.nl
Abstract
Distribution
This article or presentation is written as part of the Gaudí project. The Gaudí projectphilosophy is to improve by obtaining frequent feedback. Frequent feedback is pursued by anopen creation process. This document is published as intermediate or nearly mature versionto get feedback. Further distribution is allowed as long as the document remains completeand unchanged.
September 9, 2018status: preliminarydraftversion: 0
logo TBD
The Embedded Systems Domain
chip
television
printer
waferstepper
cardio X-ray system MRI scanner GSM
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RIIembeddedDomain
Successful Innovation = Technological + Market
technological innovations
circuits materials functions user interface
system
needs services
applications market innovations segments
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RIItechnologicalAndMarket
System Architect links technology and market
technological innovations
circuits materials functions user interface
system
needs services
applications market innovations segments
marketeers
systems architect
inventors
engineers
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RIIcontributors
Example: Easyvision serving three URF examination rooms
EasyVision: Medical Imaging WorkstationURF-systems
typical clinical
image (intestines)
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MSeasyVision
X-ray rooms from examination to reading around 1990
ExaminationRoom
ControlRoom
Corridoror closet
ExaminationRoom
ControlRoom
ReadingRoom
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XRayRoomsOld
Product Innovation: Easyvision applied as printserver
ExaminationRoom
ControlRoom
ReadingRoom
Corridoror closet
ExaminationRoom
ControlRoom
printer
light box
detector
X ray
source console
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XRayRoomsPlusPrintServer
Market innovation: optimized film
old: screen copy
20 to 50% less film needed
new: SW formatting
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MedicalImagingFilmComparison
Technology innovation challenges
product policy:
standard HW
SW "only"
40 MHz CPU
64 MByte memory
10 MBit/s ethernet
1 GByte disk
image quality image processing
throughput
view
response time
ca 1 film / minute
film = 4k*5k pixels
subsecond retrieve
screen = 1k*1k
tension
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IMIchallenge
Typical Growth of a System Architect
root
technical
knowledge
generalist
technical
knowledge
business,
application insight
process insight
psychosocial
skills
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MATsystemArchitectGrowth
Generalist versus Specialist
sp
ecia
list
generalist
root
knowledge
breadth ofknowledge
dep
th o
fkn
ow
led
ge
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MATgeneralistVsSpecialist
Generalists and Specialists are Complementary
sp
ecia
list
sp
ecia
list
sp
ecia
list
sp
ecia
list
sp
ecia
list
sp
ecia
list
sp
ecia
list
sp
ecia
list
generalistgeneralist
breadth ofknowledge
dep
th o
fkn
ow
led
ge
Role of Systems Architecting in Innovation12 Gerrit Muller
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MATcomplementaryExpertises
Spectrum from Specialist to System Architect
all-
rou
nd
sp
ecia
list systems architect
sp
ecia
list
root
knowledge
aspect
architect
breadth ofknowledge
dep
th o
fkn
ow
led
ge
Role of Systems Architecting in Innovation13 Gerrit Muller
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MATfromSpecialistToSystemArchitect
More innovations in Medical Imaging
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
RF 1.1 URF basis
autoprint
RF 1.2 vascular
import
RF 2.1 cardio bolus chase
RF 2.2 Dicom
X 3.1 spine
Rad 2.1 basis
View, Print Store ,Communicate
Rad 1.1 PCR
CT/MR 1.1 stack MPR dental
CT/MR 1.2 MR
import
CT/MR 2.1 volume angio
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RIIexampleMI
Key success factor 1: innovation by all parties
technological innovations
circuits materials functions user interface
system
needs services
applications market innovations segments
marketeers
system architect
inventors
engineers
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RIIcontributorsMI
The ”CAFCR” model
Customer
What
Customer
How
Product
What
Product
How
What does Customer need
in Product and Why?
drives, justifies, needs
enables, supports
Customer
objectives
Application Functional Conceptual Realization
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CAFCRannotated
Integrating CAFCR
Customer
objectives
Application Functional Conceptual Realization
intention
constraintawareness
objectivedriven
contextunderstanding
oppor-tunities
knowledgebased
Customer
What
Customer
How
Product
What
Product
How
What does Customer need
in Product and Why?
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MSintegratingCAFCR
CAFCR can be applied recursively
System
(producer)
Customer
BusinessDrives
Enables
Customer's
Customer
BusinessDrives
Enables
ConsumerDrives
Enables
Value Chain
larger scope has smaller
influence on architecture
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CAFCRrecursion
CAFCR applied on Security
ApplicationCustomer
objectives
Functional Conceptual Realization
sensitive
information
trusted
not trusted
selection
classificationpeople
information
authenticationbadges
passwords
locks / walls
guards
administrators
social contacts
open passwords
blackmail
burglary
fraud
unworkable procedures
cryptography
firewall
security zones
authentication
registry
logging
holes between
concepts
functions foradministration
authentication
intrusion detection
logging
quantification
bugsbuffer overflow
non encrypted
storage
poor exception
handling
missing
functionality
wrong
quantification
specific
algorithms
interfaces
libraries
servers
storage
protocols
desired characteristics, specifications & mechanisms
threats
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QNsecurityExample
Deliverables of the System Architect
Spec DesignReport
Re
po
rt
ReportDesign
Design
SpecSpec
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RSAdeliverables
Responsibilities of the System Architect
system
subsystem
Balance Consistency
module
Overview
RequirementSpec
DesignRealization
Decomposition
Integration
modules
FunctionQ
uality
KISS
Elegance
Simple Integrity Fitting
satisfied
stakeholderssystem
context
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What does the System Architect do?
V4aa
IO
design,
brainstorm,
explain
Idea
think,
analyze
listen, talk,
walk around
Blah Blah
write,
consolidate,
browse
present,
meet, teach,
discuss
read,
review
Design
Sp
ec
Report
test,
integrate
assist project leader
with work breakdown,
schedule, risks
travel to
customer,
supplier,
conference
provide
vision and
leadership
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RSAactivities
From Detail to Overview
driving views
shared issues
touched details
seen details
real-world facts
10
102
104
107
infinite
Quantityper year
(order-of-
magnitude)
architect
time per
item
100 h
1 h
10 min
meetings
consolidation
in
deliverables
informal
contacts
product details
sampling
scanning
0.1105
0.5
1 sec106
1010
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Key Success Factor 2: highly iterative
Philips operational view(manufacturing, service, sales)
Conceptual
efficient
useable
RealizationCustomer
objectives
Application Functional
diagnosis
time efficientthroughput processing
library
cost revisited in context of clinical needs and
realization constraints; note: original threads are significantly simplified
diagnostic
quality
image
quality IQ spec
pixel
depth
CPU
budgettypical
case
common
console
memory
limit
BoMMoore's
law
purchase
priceCoO
economic
sound
render
engine
effective
operational
constraints
M'
S
M
B
U"
P'
T
U
U' P
profit margin
standard workstation
C
memory budget
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MITORthread50
Key Success Factor 3: Architect as Integrator
team full of heroes
so
ftw
are
sp
ecia
list
ma
rke
tin
gsp
ecia
list
ap
plic
atio
nsp
ecia
list
se
rvic
esp
ecia
list
ma
nu
factu
rin
gsp
ecia
list
me
ch
an
ics
sp
ecia
list
op
tics
sp
ecia
list
ele
ctr
on
ics
sp
ecia
list
meddling architect
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MSmeddlerAndHeroes
Innovation Challenges in Embedded Systems
creativity market dynamics
discover latent needs enable emergence
where is the business
globalization hype waves Moore's law
power consumption weight, cost, performance
reliability complexity heterogeneity
#engineers involved
interoperability emerging behavior, future vs legacy
heterogeneous vendors
security privacy, DRM versus usability
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DYOFchallenges
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