rosaceae 2013 - notes
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11/2/2013
1
© Project SOUND
Out of the Wilds and Into Your Garden
Gardening with California Native Plants in Western L.A. County Project SOUND – 2013 (our 9th year)
© Project SOUND
A Rose is a Rose:
the family Rosaceae
C.M. Vadheim and T. Drake
CSUDH & Madrona Marsh Preserve
Madrona Marsh Preserve
November 2 & 5, 2013
Roses have always been a source of
inspiration
A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.
Shakespeare
A rose is a rose is a rose.
Gertrude Stein
© Project SOUND http://www.easy-drawings-and-sketches.com/draw-a-rose.html
What do all these plants have in common?
© Project SOUND
Cotoneaster – non-native
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The Rose Family
The rose is a rose
And was always a rose; But the theory now goes
That the apple’s a rose, And the pear is, and so’s The plum, I suppose.
The dear only knows What will next prove a rose. You, of course, are a rose, But were always a rose.
Robert Frost
© Project SOUND
The Roses family: family Rosaceae
Medium size (19th largest) : 75-100 genera and ~ 3000 species
Goes back ~ 90 million years (fossil ‘roses’)
Worldwide distribution except in the arctic; greatest diversity in the north temperate regions.
Trees, shrubs and perennials – only a few annuals
© Project SOUND
http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/rosaceae.htm
The Rose family is complex taxonomically
Old, widespread family – lots of time to diversify
First classifications were too simplistic – based on fruit characteristics (which can sometime be misleading)
We’ll come back to taxonomy when we discuss fruits next Apr.
© Project SOUND
http://santabarbaraarborist.wordpress.com/2013/02/28/if-shakespeare-was-an-arborist/
Economic importance of the rose family
One of the six most economically important crop plant families, and includes: apples, pears, quinces, medlars, loquats, almonds, peaches, apricots, plums, cherries, strawberries, raspberries and roses.
Many genera are also highly valued ornamental shrubs; these include Cotoneaster, Crataegus, Photinia, Potentilla, Prunus, Pyracantha, Rosa, Sorbus, Spiraea, and others.
© Project SOUND
http://media.mlive.com/newsnow_impact/photo/fli0918-apples29jpg-
cfa7644879fb210b.jpg
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Like any family, the Rose family has some
‘black sheep’
Several genera are also introduced noxious weeds in some parts of the world, costing money to be controlled.
These invasive plants can have negative impacts on the diversity of local ecosystems once established.
Such naturalised pests include Acaena, Cotoneaster, Crataegus, Pyracantha, Rubus and Rosa.
© Project SOUND
http://goweros.blogspot.com/2011/12/invasive-
cotoneasters-at-fox-hole.html
Cotoneaster
Let’s look at some CA native Rosaceae
© Project SOUND
© Br. Alfred Brousseau, Saint Mary's College
CA Wild Rose – Rosa californica
http://www.yerbabuenanursery.com/wildflower_watch_wk18.htm
Wild roses are important
habitat plants
Blooms: Main season: May-Aug (but blooms
intermittently in warm season) Flowers: single pinks; color varies
slightly Important pollen source for bees and
other insects
Fruits (hips) Summer/fall Edible; good syrups & jellies goldfinches, bluebirds, grosbeaks,
robins, mockingbirds, and sparrows--relish the hips
Plants/foliage Dense, spiny foliage provides good
cover and nesting sites for birds
http://www.qty.com/anna3.html
http://static.flickr.com/29/37921551_c468a94b4a_m.jpg
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Three classes of CA native wild Rosa
Thicket-Forming Roses: (Subg. Rosa, Sect. Cinnamomeae) 1. Rosa californica
2. Rosa nutkana var. nutkana
3. Rosa pisocarpa
4. Rosa woodsii
Wood and Ground Roses: (Subg. Rosa, Sect. Gymnocarpae) 5. Rosa gymnocarpa
6. Rosa spithamea
7. Rosa bridgesii
8. Rosa pinetorum
Subg. Hesperhodos 9. Rosa minutifolia
© Project SOUND © Project SOUND
Interior Rose – Rosa woodsii ssp ultramontana
Native to much of w. North America – British Columbia to CA & NM
In CA: High Cascade Range, High Sierra Nevada, San Gabriel Mountains, San Bernardino Mountains, Great Basin Floristic Province, Desert Mountains
Yellow Pine Forest, Subalpine Forest, Pinyon-Juniper Woodland, Joshua Tree Woodland, wetland-riparian between 3500 and 11500 feet
Moist or seasonally wet
? Ssp or var.??
© Project SOUND
Interior Rose – Rosa woodsii ssp ultramontana
© Br. Alfred Brousseau, Saint Mary's College
http://archive.is/JkiE
© Project SOUND
Interior Rose: much like CA Wild Rose
Size: 5-8+ ft tall
Spreading; can form thickets
Growth form: Woody shrub
Upright to mounded with age
Stress deciduous
Sparse, straight prickles
Foliage: Typical rose leaf (compound);
smaller than garden rose
Medium green; may be yellow in fall
Roots: suckers from roots – not rhizomes (as once thought)
J.S. Peterson @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
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© Project SOUND
Flowers: the best a
wild rose can offer
Blooms: spring/summer usually May-June in our area
Flowers: Single rose
Pale to medium pink
Very fragrant – among the best
Wonderful tea, potpourri, flavoring
Fruits (hips): Red when ripe
The best tasting of any – really premium
©2008 Thomas Stoughton
http://web.ewu.edu/ewflora/Rosaceae/Rosa%20woodsii.html
http://www.fireflyforest.com/flowers/3214/rosa-woodsii-woods-rose/
The place of roses in
the edibles garden
Seed dispersion – birds & mammals
Some genera in Rosaceae have fruits that are especially tempting – and high in vitamin C
Collect in fall when red and slightly soft – best after first cold snap
Rosehips make delicious: Tea (dried)
Jelly
Syrup
Etc. © Project SOUND
©2006 Larry Blakely
©2009 Barry Breckling
© Project SOUND
Quite adaptable Soils: Texture: better with medium to
coarse/rocky
pH: any local
Light: Full sun (coast) to part-shade (hot,
inland)
Best flowers/fruits w/ at least morning sun
Water: Winter: needs good rain/irrigation
Summer: fairly drought tolerant but best with some summer water (Water Zone 2 or 2-3)
Fertilizer: none/light (1/2 strength)
Other: organic mulch OK
©2012 Jean Pawek
©2001 Gary A. Monroe
© Project SOUND
Inland Rose: good if you’ve
got the right spot
Good for N & E-facing slopes - even with no water
Barriers/hedges/hedgerows
Large shrub at back of beds
Try in a large container
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What makes a rose smell like a rose?
Some roses [Damascus Rose] known for scent – used to make rose oil
It turns out the answer is complex: a number of aromatic compounds are involved
The unique ones that give the scent are: beta-damascenone, beta-damascone, beta-ionone, and rose oxide.
Even though these compounds exist in less than 1% quantity of rose oil, they make up for slightly more than 90% of the odor content due to their low odor detection thresholds
© Project SOUND
http://hildablue.com/2013/03/16/how-to-recognize-quality-rose-
water-and-how-to-make-your-own/
Beta-damascenone presence
and quantity is considered as
the marker for the quality of
rose oil.
Many uses of rose scent
Rose oil – ‘Attar of roses’
Perfume distillation
Rose water – easy to make Jar
Rose petals (scented)
Hot water
Time
1 Tbsp vodka as preservative
Potpourri
© Project SOUND
http://www.thecraftycrow.net/2009/07/making-things-from-the-garden.html
Many native roses have a
lovely rose scent
Perhaps you want a real ‘specimen’ wild
rose
© Project SOUND © Project SOUND
Baja Rose – Rosa minutifolia
http://qbgdocents.org/Bloom_board/Bloom_Board_May_10/IMG_0796.jpg
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‘The Thorny Rose Affair – Lenz, 1982
April, 1882 – botanizing expedition to Baja
Jones was beginning a significant career as field botanists; Parry lead the expedition – experience in border surveys
4/12 - Rosa minutifolia discovered growing along the side of the road on the protected slopes of the hills just inland from the beach.
The controversy which arose and was to cause so much ill feeling between Jones and others revolved around who first discovered the rose and Jones's accusation that Parry stole his rose.
© Project SOUND
Marcus Eugene Jones
1852-1934
Charles Christopher Parry
1823-1890
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/ina/roses/minutifolia.html
Otay Mesa east of San Diego (rare) and n. Baja (pretty common)
Chaparral, north-facing Diegan Sage Scrub ; common constituent of the coastal scrub community in northern Baja
© Project SOUND
Baja Rose – Rosa minutifolia
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/ina/roses/minut_Calif.html
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/ina/roses/map_minutifolia.html
© Project SOUND
Baja rose: small leaves & many prickles
Size: 4-6 ft tall
5-6 ft wide
Growth form: Upright to mounded stems;
tangled, dense
Young foliage often red-tinged
Many stout, straight prickles – this one is really prickly (one proposed name: Rosa horrida
Foliage: Compound rose leaves, but
small (< ¼ “ leaflets) and wrinkled – very unusual
Drought-deciduous; re-leaf with first rains
©2010 Anna Bennett
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/ina/roses/minut_twig_full.html
Botanical terms: thorns vs. prickles
Thorn: a modified branch with a sharp point [pyracantha]
Prickle: a sharp pointed outgrowth of the epidermis (the outer ‘skin’ ) of a stem [example: rose]
© Project SOUND http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/ina/roses/minut_twig_full.html
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© Project SOUND
Flowers are bright &
showy
Blooms: very early – usually Jan-Apr in w. L.A. County; tied to rain cycle
Flowers: Single rose flowers
Often very bright pink, magenta color; fragrant
Great for insect pollinators
Fruits : Edible, but small and rather
prickly; birds & critters don’t seem to mind
Vegetative reproduction:
Gary A. Monroe @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Rosa_minutifolia
Growing roses from seed
Choose very ripe hips
Let them soften several days in water
Remove the seeds; sterilize with 5% bleach solution
Clean remaining pulp from seeds
Stratify: I use moistened coffee filters (1:1 water: hydrogen peroxide) – several months in fridge
Plant & cross your fingers
© Project SOUND http://www.hazmac.biz/050801/050801RosaMinutifolia.html
©2010 Anna Bennett
© Project SOUND
Requirements: think coastal Baja
Soils: Texture: adaptable – even clays
pH: any local
Light: full sun to part-shade
Water: Winter: need adequate water
Summer: like a little summer water, esp. at monsoon time (August)
Fertilizer: likes poor soils
Other: much more adaptable to garden conditions than one might expect – even grown N. CA gardens
Gary A. Monroe @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/ina/roses/minut_habitat_full.html © Project SOUND
Baja Rose: drier parts
of the garden
Erosion control on slopes
Rock gardens, and climbing over boulders
Barrier hedge
With desert chaparral plants: Enceliafarinosa, Eriogonum fasciculatum, Fremontodendron mexicanum, Mirabilis californica, Trichostema lanatum, Salvia apiana, and Simmondsia chinensis
Backs of beds
Try in large container
http://commons.wikimedia
.org/wiki/Rosa_minutifolia
11/2/2013
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© Project SOUND
Not all ‘Roses’ look like roses – until
you know what to look for
Rose family members share some
physical characteristics: leaves
Generally arranged spirally, but sometimes opposite
Simple or pinnately compound (either odd- or even-pinnate).
Leaf margin is most often serrate.
Paired stipules are generally present (primitive feature)
Spines may be present on the midrib of leaflets and the rachis of compound leaves.
© Project SOUND
http://www.hiltonpond.org/ThisWeek080501.html
Rose family members also share some
floral traits Generally "showy“
They are radially symmetrical and almost always hermaphroditic (both male & female parts in same flower).
Generally have five sepals, five petals and many spirally arranged stamens.
The bases of the sepals, petals, and stamens are fused together to form a characteristic cup-like structure called hypanthium.
Often arranged in racemes, spikes, or heads
© Project SOUND
Flowers in ‘parts of 5’
http://montana.plant-life.org/families/Rosaceae.htm
Rose family members also exhibit some
variability: fruits & seeds
Many fruits of the family are edible.
There are many different types of fruit; we’ll discuss these more in April 2014
© Project SOUND
Hawthorn
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Some common CA Rosaceae genera
Adenostoma – chamise
Amelanchier – serviceberry
Argentina – silverweed
Cercocarpus – mountain mahogany
Chamaebatiaria – desert sweet
Crataegus – hawthorn
Fallugia – Apache plume
Fragaria – strawberry
Geum – avens
Heteromeles – toyon
© Project SOUND
Some common CA Rosaceae genera
Holodiscus – oceanspray
Horkelia – horkelia
Lyonothamnus – Catalina ironwood Potentilla – cinquefoil
Prunus – plum
Purshia – bitterbrush
Rosa – rose
Rubus – blackberry
Sorbus – mountain ash
Spiraea – spirea
© Project SOUND
Toyon/California Christmas Berry –
Heteromeles arbutifolia Heteromeles arbutifolia 'Davis Gold'
Similar in all ways to red-berried form except has yellow fruits when ripe
Reportedly also more disease resistant
http://redwoodbarn.com/images/toyonyellow.jpg
Note that the leaves and flowers are
what you’d expect for Rose family
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© Project SOUND
*Redshanks – Adenostoma sparsifolium
Coastal CA from San Luis Obispo Co. to Baja
Locally: Santa Monica, San Gabriel Mtns.
dry, well-drained slopes and mesas at elevations from 1,000 to 7,000 feet (most 1,500 to 5,000 feet )
© Project SOUND
*Redshanks – Adenostoma sparsifolium
Charles Webber © California Academy of Sciences © Br. Alfred Brousseau, Saint Mary's College
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?6677,6681,6683
© Project SOUND
Redshanks: large chaparral shrub/tree
Size: 6-18+ ft tall
10-15 ft wide
Growth form: Large woody shrub/tree
Many trunks/branches with shreddy red bark on older limbs – ‘born to burn’
Nice natural shape – rounded
Moderate growth rate; lives 100+ years
Foliage: Sclerophyllous leaves: thick,
linear/narrow, sticky
Roots: has lignotubers (sprouting roots)
© Br. Alfred Brousseau, Saint Mary's College
©2004 Steven Perkins
Charles Webber © California Academy of Sciences
Medicinal uses of Redshanks
Used externally in the treatment of arthritis.
Infusion of leaves used in the treatment of colds and chest complaints, and also as a mouth wash to treat toothaches.
An infusion of dried leaves or branches used in the treatment of stomach ailments, inducing either bowel movements or vomiting.
Crushed twigs have been mixed with oil and used as a salve
© Project SOUND
http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=ADSP
http://www.smmflowers.org/bloom/species/Adenostoma_sparsifolium.htm
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© Project SOUND
What a flower show!
Blooms: in summer – usually June-Aug.
Flowers: Small white/cream flowers
Clearly rose flowers when you look closely
On dense flowering branches – plant covered with blooms in a good year
Very important pollinator plant
Vegetative reproduction: in some areas, most reproduction is now vegetative; sprouting roots
http://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of-california/plants/adenostoma-sparsifolium
© Project SOUND
Plant Requirements Soils:
Texture: adaptable; often grows in shallow soils in nature – likes well-drained
pH: any local
Light: full sun
Water: Winter: needs good rains or
irrigation – normally gets more than here.
Summer: summer dry to occasional ‘summer monsoon’
Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils
Other: organic mulch
Steven Perkins @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
http://www.smmflowers.org/bloom/species/Adenostoma_sparsifolium.htm
In Santa Monica Mtns
© Project SOUND
Redshanks: dramatic
Often trimmed up as a small tree to accent its form, distinctive bark
Has nice natural shape as a large shrub
Not for fire-prone areas J.S. Peterson @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Adenostoma_sparsifolium http://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/taxa/index.php?taxon=26425
Holly-leaf & Catalina Island Cherries Prunus ilicifolia
http://www.wildscaping.com/plants/plantprofiles/Prunus_ilicifolia.htm
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Holly-leaf & Catalina Island Cherries Prunus ilicifolia
Holly-leaf Cherry (ssp. ilicifolia): southern North Coast Ranges, Central- & Southwestern California (except Channel Islands) to Baja
Catalina Island (ssp. lyoni): Channel Islands and mainland Baja California
Both: shrubs grow in the moister areas of dry chaparral shrub lands and foothill woodlands.
The biggest difference is in
the leaves
Holly-leaf Cherry: Has serrated leaf margins
More shrub-like
10-25 ft tall (usually)
10-20 ft wide
Catalina Island Cherry: Has smooth leaf margins
More tree-like
20-40+ ft (usually)
10-20 ft wide http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Rosaceae/Prunus_ilicifolia.html
http://www.calflora.net/bloomingplants/catalinacherry.html
Holly-leaf Cherry in nature
Often found in canyons and on north-facing slopes
alluvial fan sage scrub, chaparral,
coast live oak riparian forest, coast live oak woodland, coastal sage scrub, sycamore riparian woodland, walnut woodland
Most often interspersed with
other shrubs Usually fairly slow growing May live up to 100+ years
http://www.coestatepark.com/prunus_ilicifolia_at_coe.htm
Catalina Island Cherry on Catalina
© 2006 BonTerra Consulting
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Attractive flowers & berries
Blooms:
Mar-May Flowers small, white,
clustered Showy, lightly scented Excellent for native
pollinators
Fruits (cherries)
Ripe Sept-Oct Red to dark red Big pit; sweet flesh Many birds, animals
love them! Are edible – with
preparations
http://www.ecnca.org/Plants/Photo_Pages/Prunus_ilicifolia.htm
You can grow your own from seed…or
buy one at our fall plant sale
Fresh seed – fall
Be patient – seeds may take 4-9 months to sprout – or may sprout right away
http://www.lifeandleaf.com/category/leaf/seed/
Native Cherries in the garden…almost
anywhere Make a nice, small evergreen
tree
Can be pruned to suit many garden needs: Shrub Hedge Screen
Great choice for scent and habitat gardens – get a lot for your money
Fine in large containers & planters
Fine on slopes/banks
Hardy: good for roadways, commercial plantings
http://www.yerbabuenanursery.com/images/new_botimages/large/0511_j.jpg
Good hedge/screen plants
Many plants in Rosaceae – esp. those with edible fruits - can be pruned and shaped extensively
Hedged
Espaliered
So you can have native fruit trees even in a small space
More on these in 2014
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Native Rosaceae span a range of water
requirements
Many (especially those from S. CA) are remarkably drought tolerant once established
Some actually are better with less water:
Slower growth
Better health – decreases risk of fungal and other diseases/pests
Others are ‘opportunists’
Some just need regular water to look nice in the garden
© Project SOUND © Project SOUND
*Antelope Bush – Purshia tridentata
©2009 Thomas Stoughton
British Columbia to CA/NV/CO
San Gabriel & Bernardino Mtns. (particularly on the desert side)
Dry slopes in many plant communities with 12 to 36 inches precipitation
Lewis & Clark Expedition sent back first specimen – used by Frederick Pursh who first described it (1814)
© Project SOUND
*Antelope Bush – Purshia tridentata
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-
bin/get_IJM.pl?tid=77219
©2005 Steve Matson ©2010 Lee Dittmann © Project SOUND
Antelope Bush: drought tolerant shrub
Size: 4-10 ft tall
to 8 ft wide; usually 4-5
Growth form: Woody shrub; two forms:
Taller, mounded shrub
Low-growing (< 4 ft.) ‘groundcover’ form
Many branches – dense
Natural layering
Foliage: Small, three-lobed leaves
Shiny green above; light below
Roots: deep taproots; often associated w/ N-fixing bacteria
©2003 Michael Charters
©1987 Gary A. Monroe
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Purshia_tridentata
11/2/2013
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© Project SOUND
Flowers for pollinators
Blooms: late spring/early summer depending on weather
Flowers: Small, rose-type, cream or yellow
Profuse bloomer – thousands of flowers
Irresistible to native pollinators
Seeds: Large seeds for family
In turban-shaped dry capsule
Vegetative reproduction: natural layering; re-sprouting (some better than others – ask nursery if purchasing)
©2008 Matt Below
©2010 Lee Dittmann ©2012 Aaron Arthur © Project SOUND
Adaptable & hardy Soils: Texture: adaptable; best in
medium-coarse
pH: 6.0-7.5
Light: Full sun to part-shade
Water: Winter: adequate
Summer: quite drought tolerant; probably best as Water Zone 2
Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils
Other: OK with organic mulch
Should be pruned back by 1/3 each year to maintain vigor – normally browsed
©2010 Lee Dittmann
©2012 Jean Pawek
© Project SOUND
Antelope Bush: a sensible choice
• Erosion control on dry slopes
• Water-wise shrub
• In habitat garden: insects & birds
• Medicinal garden: leaf poultice/wash for itches, rashes, insect bites, Leaf tea was used as a general tonic and for colds, pneumonia, liver disease, to expel worms, and as an emetic and laxative for stomach ache and constipation. Twigs, leaves, and berries were used as a laxative.
©2010 Lee Dittmann
http://www.unce.unr.edu/programs/sites/nemo/lid/plantlist/plantdetails.asp?ID=40 © Project SOUND
Douglas’ Spiraea – Spiraea douglasii
©2006 Steven Thorsted
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Southern AK to n. California
2 var. (var. douglasii; var. menziesii)
Redwood Forest, Red Fir Forest, wetland-riparian, 0-6400 feet
Damp meadows, riparian zones, bogs, marshes, open swamps, and the margins of ponds and lakes
© Project SOUND
Douglas’ Spiraea – Spiraea douglasii
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_IJM.pl?tid=45201
©2012 Jean Pawek © Project SOUND
Woodsy perennial of moist places
Size: 2-6 ft tall
4-10+ ft wide
Growth form: Spreading herbaceous
perennial
Many wand-like stems
Fast-growing
Foliage: Simple, medium-green leaves;
light colored below
Stress-deciduous
Roots: spreads by suckers (under-ground shoots) to form dense thickets.
©2009 Julie Kierstead Nelson
© Project SOUND
Flowers: a gardener’s
delight!
Blooms: summer – June-Sept.
Flowers: Medium to bright pink
Many tiny ‘rose’ flowers on wand-like stalks
Long stamens make flower stalks appear ‘fuzzy’
Really lovely
Excellent native pollinator habitat – esp. bees
Seeds: Eaten by birds and critters
Vegetative reproduction:
©2003 Michael Charters
http://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of-california/plants/spiraea-douglasii
The colors of the Rose family: limited
Members of the Rosaceae that occur in the wild NEVER have blue flowers or true red flowers
This is because the Rosaceae lacks the genes to produce true blue or pure red flower pigments.
Interestingly, they do have other genes which produce the red-orange fruits
© Project SOUND
http://camissonia.blogspot.com/2012_08_01_archive.html
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© Project SOUND
Spiraeas are forest plants Soils: Texture: any
pH: any local
Light: Part-shade
Dappled shade under trees
Water: Winter: plenty; tolerates
seasonally flooding
Summer: best with regular water (Water Zone 2-3 to 3); will die back at Zone 2, but will not spread as fast
Fertilizer: fine
Other: loves leaf mulch
© Project SOUND
Use Spiraea for:
Summer color in woodland gardens; informal hedge
In large containers
Under pines, redwoods
On moist slopes, stream banks
In any moist area of garden
©2006 Steve Matson
© 2004, Ben Legler:
http://nosleepingdogs.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/spiraea-douglasii-full-plant.jpg?w=470&h=783
© Project SOUND
Beach Strawberry - Fragaria chiloensis ssp.
pacifica
© Project SOUND
* Woodland Strawberry – Fragaria vesca ssp. californica
© 2002 George Jackson
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Species reminiscent of strawberries
Potentilla
Argentina
Geum
All have similar leaves
Flowers are also similar – and yellow
Grow as herbaceous groundcovers – some more spreading than others
Fruits are dry capsules
© Project SOUND
USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / USDA NRCS. Wetland flora: Field office illustrated guide to plant species. USDA
Natural Resources Conservation Service. © Project SOUND
Pacific Silverweed – Argentina egedii ssp. egedii (Potentilla anserina vars. grandis, pacifica)
© 2005 Dr. Amadej Trnkoczy
http://flickr.com/photos/27830975@N05/3061843001/in/photostream/
The genus Geum ~ 40 species, mostly in the
northern hemisphere, but also in southern Africa and the Andes of South America.
At least three different evolutionary clades (groups)
All of the Geum species of North America have enlarged, persisting styles at the top of each ovary. In some species [Geum], the styles are straight and bristly, while in others they have feathery plumes.
© Project SOUND
Some species have been
developed into common
garden cultivars
http://www.anniesannuals.com/plt_lst/lists/general/lst.gen.asp?prodid=1487
© Project SOUND
* Apache Plume – Fallugia paradoxa
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© Project SOUND
* Large-leaved Avens – Geum macrophyllum
©2007 Matt Below
Much of N. America: British Columbia Great Lakes to Baja
Locally in San Bernardino Mtns
Forests, including Yellow Pine forest
Mostly moist, partially shaded areas such as moist forest openings, stream banks, meadows and shrub thickets
© Project SOUND
* Large-leaved Avens – Geum macrophyllum
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_IJM.pl?tid=26835
http://www.wnmu.edu/academic/nspages/gilaflora/geum_macrophyllum.jpg
© Project SOUND
Avens: perennial groundcover plants
Size: < 2 ft tall (flower stalks taller)
2-3 ft wide
Growth form: Herbaceous perennial
Spreads entirely by seed – not a true vegetative spreader
Foliage: Stress deciduous
Basal leaves with long erect petioles, a larger, more or less heart-shaped terminal leaflet
Al Schneider @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database © Project SOUND
Blooms: spring-early summer; April to June or July
Flowers: Like a yellow strawberry or
buttercup flower
On flowering stems above plant – like strawberry but longer
Have ‘invisible’ dark dots that are nectar guides for insects
Mostly pollinated by small pollinator flies
Seeds: seeds in balls that look like pincushions – unusual; stick to clothes
Flowers: often mistaken for buttercups
Sheri Hagwood @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
11/2/2013
21
Geum vs. Potentilla (Cinquefoil): close cousins
Both: Bright yellow, 5-petaled flowers and a
distinctive calyx appearing to have 10 sepals (there are five true sepals that alternate with five narrower, sepal-like bracts).
Geum (Avens) Pinnately compound leaves
Potentialla (Cinquefoil) – lack the long, persistent, twisty styles of
Geum.
palmately compound leaves with leaflets arranged like fingers on a palm
© Project SOUND http://www.missouriplants.com/Yellowalt/Potentilla_simplex_page.html
© Project SOUND
Likes some water Soils:
Texture: any
pH: 5:00-7:00 (moderate alkalinity tolerance)
Light: Part-shade; dappled sun under
trees
Water: Winter: adequate
Summer: occasional to regular water – Water Zones 2 to 2-3
Fertilizer: fine
Other: self-sows freely in moist soils; remove seed heads if an issue
©2007 Matt Below
Sheri Hagwood @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
© Project SOUND
Avens has its place
As a natural lawn substitute in moist areas – could combine with Yarrow
Good groundcover under trees
Around water features, rain garden
As an attractive pot plant
Sheri Hagwood @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
©2010 Jean Pawek
Small Rosaceae make great pot plants
Use a large enough container; some have extensive root systems
Use a good, well-drained potting mixture, modified for special needs (if any)
Monitor soil moisture – don’t over-water
Place where plants get good air circulation
© Project SOUND
http://camissonia.blogspot.com/2013/01/a-winters-tale-in-southern-california.html
Raised bed with assorted monkey flowers
(Mimulus spp.), Large-leaved Avens (Geum
macrophyllum), and annuals including Sticky
Phacelia (Phacelia viscida), Wind Poppy
(Stylomecon heterophylla), Baby Blue Eyes
(Nemophila menziesii), and Chinese Houses
(Collinsia heterophylla).
11/2/2013
22
Avens: an important medicinal plant
poultice of smashed or boiled leaves for cuts, boils;
decoction of roots for stomach pain, acid;
tea from roots and chewed leaves during labor, childbirth
tea made of plant material can also be gargled to sooth sore gums.
An eyewash was also prepared from the leaves.
The Haida boiled the roots to make a steambath to treat rheumatism.
© Project SOUND
© 2010, Ron Bockelman
In summary, we’ve learned that there are
many native members of the Rose family
© Project SOUND Oceanspray
We’ve learned some common traits shared
by members of the Rose family
Woody stems, often with prickles, or trailing stems with runners
Simple or compound leaves, often evergreen
Stipules at the base of the leaf
Large flowers with five petals or clusters of tiny flowers with five petals – flowers in ‘parts of five’
Many stamens
Often woody trees, shrubs or climbers
© Project SOUND
Holodiscus discolor
Some are surprisingly drought tolerant,
while others like water & shade
© Project SOUND
© 2010, Ron Bockelman
11/2/2013
23
© Project SOUND
* Western Chokecherry – Prunus virginiana var. demissa
http://www.wildflower.org/gallery/result.php?id_image=23962
We’ve only just gotten started with
the edible members of the Rose
family – but that will have to wait for
another lecture
Topics for 2014 – some good ones
Climate change & the home garden
Edible fruit plants
Life-friendly pest management
And much, much, more
© Project SOUND
Plant Sale: CSUDH Nov. 9th, 14th
© Project SOUND
Go to ‘Native Plants at CSUDH’ blog for more details, plant list
Other fun activities - November
Potpourri from Native Plant Trimmings – 11/9 & 11/10 – Mother Nature’s Backyard
Pruning workshops: Gardena Willows – 11/16
Mother Nature’s Backyard – 11/16 afternoon
Garden of Dreams (CSUDH) – 11/15 & 11/22 – e-mail me if coming
Natural Dyes 11/10 – exhibit – Mother Nature’s
Backyard
11/17 – show & tell meeting ‘South Bay Natural Dye Circle – Madrona, 1:00-4:00
© Project SOUND
11/2/2013
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So, get out and do something fun this month
© Project SOUND
And take some time to smell the roses
© Project SOUND
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