safety beyond policing: promoting care over criminalization

April 2021

Safety Beyond Policing:

Promoting Care Over Criminalization

STANFO RD

Executive Summary

Methodology

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Context

Key Findings

Mental Health Crises

Homelessness

Traffic Enforcement

School Safety

Recommendations

Implement a Mental Health First Responder Program.

Meet homeless populations “where they are” with services.

Limit the need for police to perform traffic enforcement.

Re-evaluate the role of SROs in schools.

Conclusion

Introduction

Mental Health Crisis Response

Overview

Nature of the Problem

Background of the Problem

Recommendations

Program Reform Concepts and Examples

Mental Health First Responder Teams

Components of a Successful Program

911 Dispatch

Team Makeup

Steps in Implementation

Program Development

Identify and Work with Stakeholders

Funding

Countering Hyper-Policing of Unhoused People

Overview

Nature of the Problem

Background of the Problem

Recommendations

Program Reform: Concepts and Examples

Variants of Permissive Ordinances

Ordinances to Limit Enforcement Procedures Against Encampments

Ordinances to Legalize Encampments

Components of a Successful Program

Homeless Outreach Teams for the Highest Users of City Services

Onsite Services Provided by Roving Street Teams

Low-Barrier Shelter Model with Wrap-Around Services

Steps in Implementation

Program Development

Identify and Work with Stakeholders

Funding

Traffic Enforcement

Overview

Nature of the Problem

Background of Problem

Recommendations

Program Concepts and Examples

Key Components of a Successful Program

1. Ban or Restrict Pretext Stops

2. Create “Self-Policing” Streets and Automated Enforcement Programs

3. Establish a Civilian Traffic Agency

Steps to Implementation

Program Development

1. Assess and Address State Law

2. Develop “Self-Policing” Streets and Automated Enforcement Programs

3. Transfer Traffic Enforcement Duties and Abolish or Curtail Pretext Stops

Funding

School Safety

Overview

Nature of the Problem

Background of the Problem

Recommendations

Program Concepts and Examples

Strategy One: Removing School Police

Strategy Two: Limiting & Defining the Role of Police in Schools

Strategy Three: Instituting Training and Hiring Best Practices

Steps to Implementation

Stakeholders

Program Development

1. Gather Data

2. Evaluate Data and Solutions

3. Create and Implement Safety Plan

Funding

Conclusion

Appendix A:

Select City Models for Mental Health Crisis Response

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Appendix B:

Select City Models for Outreach Programs for

Unhoused Individuals

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Appendix C:

Legal Rights of Unhoused People

Appendix D:

Fee and Fine Harms and

Alternative Enforcement Models

Appendix E:

Resource Guides

Endnotes