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INSTITUT ALAM SEKITAR DAN PEMBANGUNAN INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
No: 32 / Dec 2009
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Institut Alam Sekitar dan Pembangunan (LESTARI)(Institute for Environment and Development)Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 UKM BANGI, SelangorMALAYSIA
Tel: +603 8921 4144 / 4149
Fax: +03892 55104E-mail : lestari@ukm.myWebsite: www.ukm.my/lestari
Adaptation Research and Policy Network for Asia andthe Pacifc (ARPNAP)
ARPNAP aims to enhance interactions between researches
and policy makers in the region and to promote regional
cooperation in adaptation research and policy making.
ARPNAP will build on its links to existing global change
research programmes and networks to build capacity in the
region through the APN Project on Strengthening Capacity
for Policy Research on Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate
Change in Agriculture and Water Sectors. Members of
ARPNAP are invited to participate and contribute their
expertise in all activities organized by the group. Interested
parties are requested to log on to http://www.ukm.my/apn
for more information and registration.
Founding members:
Malaysia: LESTARI-UKM, Malaysia
Role: Project coordination and implementation of activities
in Malaysia and networking in Archipelagic Southeast Asia
India: MS Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF),
Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Role: Project implementation in India and networking in
South Asia
Rekabentuk dan Grafk /
Design and Graphics
Nik Mohd Noor Faizul Md Saad
Ketua Editor Keluar Khas No.32
(2009) / Special Publication Lead
Editor for No.32 (2009)
Prof. Dr. Joy Jacqueline Pereira
Penolong Editor Keluaran Khas
No.32 (2009)/ Special Publication
Assistant Editor for No. 32 (2009)
Sh. Nur Eli Diyana bt Syed Ismail
Penyunting / Editors
Rospidah Ghazali
Dr. Ahmad Hezri Adnan
Penolong Editor /
Editorial Assistant
Wan Daraputri Razali
Penasihat / Advisors
Prof. Dr. Mazlin Bin Mokhtar
Prof. Dr. Mohd Shafeea Leman
Prof. Emeritus Dato Dr. Hood Salleh
Kandungan / Contents
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Langkawi Award goes to Prof. Dato Dr. Ibrahim Komoo Dari Meja Pengarah/ From The Director Malaysian Network for Research
on Climate, Environment and Development (MyCLIMATE) Current Research Initiatives of LESTARI on Climate Change Newly
Awarded APN-Funded Project, 2009 MyCLIMATE Events Workshop on Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change In
Agriculture and Water Sectors MyCLIMATE in Action! Consolidating the National View on REDD Pendidikan Untuk
Pembangunan Lestari Kekurangan Bekalan dan Kenaikan Harga Beras: Punca dan Penyelesaian Penerbitan/ Publications
15Adaptation Research and Policy Network for Asia and the Pacic
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LANGKAWI AWARD goes toProf. Dato Dr. Ibrahim Komoo
Prof. Dato Dr. Ibrahim Komoo was awarded the Langkawi Award by the Government of Malaysia on 21st October 2009.
The award was presented to him at the launching ceremony of Malaysia Environmental Week National Level 2009 and the launching
of Rakan Alam Sekitar Sarawak State Level by Y.B. Datuk Patinggi Tan Sri Dr. George Chan Hong Nam, Deputy Chief Minister
of Sarawak at the Borneo Convention Centre, Sarawak. The most prestigious environmental award in Malaysia, which includes a
plaque, a certicate signed by D.Y.M.M. Seri Paduka Baginda Yang DiPertuan Agong and a cash prize, is given in recognition of
signicant contribution to the eld of environmental management, conservation and protection, locally and globally.
- Wan Daraputri Razali
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Vietnam: Vietnam Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment (IMHEN), Vietnam
Role: Project implementation in Vietnam and networking in Mekong countries
Japan: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), Hayama
Role: Project implementation in Japan, networking in East Asia and mentoring for developing methodologies in
adaptation policy research
Sidang Penyunting / Editorial Board
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FromT
heDirector
Dari Meja Pengarah
Dari Meja Pengarah
Pada 1 Oktober 2009, LESTARI telah menyambut ulang tahun penubuhannya
yang ke-15. Memulakan operasinya dengan empat program penyelidikan,
kini LESTARI telah mempunyai 9 Kumpulan Teras dibawah tiga buah Pusat
Penyelidikan dengan lebih 30 buah projek, dibiayai oleh pelbagai agensi di
peringkat kebangsaan dan antarabangsa. Pencapaian ini adalah membanggakan!
Kami juga amat berbangga dengan kejayaan Prof. Dato Dr. Ibrahim Komoo, Felo
Utama LESTARI dan Pengarah SEADPRI-UKM yang telah menerima Anugerah
Langkawi 2009. Tahniah! Isu Salam LESTARI pada kali ini berfokus kepada
salah satu Kumpulan Teras di LESTARI iaitu Malaysian Network for Research on
Climate, Environment and Development (MyCLIMATE). MyCLIMATE ditubuhkan
pada 2006 dengan kerjasama dan sokongan daripada Kementerian Sumber Asli
dan Alam Sekitar. Agenda-agenda mengenai perubahan iklim diperkasakan
oleh MyCLIMATE di peringkat kebangsaan dan antarabangsa melalui penyelidik-
penyelidiknya. Kajian Dasar Perubahan Iklim bertindak sebagai tunjang kepada
Dasar Perubahan Iklim Negara pada masa akan datang. Penyelidikan ini
memberikan input kepada National Focal Point dibawah United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). MyCLIMATE kini menerajui sebuah projek yang dibiayai oleh APN
bertemakan Strengthening Capacity for Policy Research in Mainstreaming Climate Change. Hasil yang dijangkakan daripada
penyelidikan ini ialah satu rangkaian penyelidikan yang dinamakan Adaptation Research and Policy Network for Asia and the
Pacic (ARPNAP) yang terdiri daripada penggerak utama agenda perubahan iklim di peringkat serantau. Melalui ARPNAP,
penyelidik MyCLIMATE dapat menyalurkan hasil penyelidikan mereka kepada 5th Assessment Report of the Interngovernmental
Panel On Climate Change (IPCC) yang dijangka terbit pada 2013. Semoga MyCLIMATE terus maju dalam penyelidikannya
untuk kesejahteraan manusia sejagat
Terima kasih.
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LESTARI celebrated its 15th anniversary on 1 October 2009. From its humble beginnings of four research programmes, LESTARI
now consists of three Reseach Centres, hosting nine Core Groups, with over 30 projects, annually funded by various national and
international agencies. This is an achievement that we are proud of! We are also proud of Prof. Dato Dr. Ibrahim Komoo, Principal
Fellow of LESTARI and Director of the Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Institute (SEADPRI-UKM), who received the
Langkawi Award 2009. Congratulations! This issue of Salam LESTARI focuses on the Malaysian Network for Research on Climate,
Environment and Development (MyCLIMATE), one of the nine Core Groups at LESTARI. MyCLIMATE was established in 2006
with support from the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. Through its researchers, MyCLIMATE has championed
the climate change agenda at national and regional levels. The Policy Study on Climate Change has served as the basis for the
upcoming National Policy on Climate Change. The study has also provided inputs to the National Focal Point of the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in framing the countrys positions on that platform. MyCLIMATE now
helms the prestigious APN-funded Project on Strengthening Capacity for Policy Research in Mainstreaming Climate Change. An
expected outcome of this project is the Adaptation Research and Policy Network for Asia and the Pacic (ARPNAP), comprising
the main movers of the climate change agenda in the region. LESTARI envisions that MyCLIMATE through ARPNAP, will mobilize
key researchers in the region and channel their ndings to the 5th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC), which is due in 2013. We wish MyCLIMATE all the best in their endeavours for the benet of mankind.
Thank you.
Penerbitan Publications
MANAGING CONSTRUCTION WASTE IN MALAYSIA
Editors: Joy Jacqueline Pereira, Mohd Dahlan Jantan and Gerald Sundaraj
This book is published by the Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, based on ndings of the research project on Waste Minimisation and
Recycling Potential of Construction Materials funded by the Construction Industry Board (CIDB),
Malaysia. The book is divided into four main sections comprising 15 articles from numerous
disciplines which discuss various issues on construction waste management. Papers in this
book were presented at roundtable dialogues, seminars and workshops organized during the
project period, from 2002 to 2005. The rst section of this book contains ve articles focused
on policy and economic considerations. Section two presents ve more articles related to
rock aggregates and concrete. Three papers on timber and wood waste are included in the
third section. The fourth section presents two articles on waste management experiences in
Malaysia.
THE POLITICS OF CLIMATE CHANGE: INTERNATIONAL RESPONSES AND MALAYSIA
Author: Sham Sani
This monograph is concerned with the politics of climate change. It examines international
responses and Malaysias state of preparedness in coping with climate change issues both
at home and abroad. The paper begins with some brief remarks about the science of climate
change and its impacts and consequences both globally and locally in Malaysia. Against this
background, the politics of climate change is discussed with a focus on three major areas
i.e. the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol,
the development of international groupings and coalitions in the climate change regime, and
the outcome of the recent UNFCCC meeting in Bali in December 2007.
ROUND TABLE DIALOGUES NO. 17: A NEW APPROACH TO CLIMATE CHANGE:
BALANCING ADAPTATION AND MITIGATIONEditors: Raja Zaharaton Raja Zainal Abidin, Joy Jacqueline Pereira, Koh Fui Pin and
Tan Ching Tiong
The Roundtable Dialogue on A New Approach to Climate Change: Balancing Adaptation and
Mitigation was held on 25 February 2008. It was jointly organized by the Institute for Environment
and Development (LESTARI), UKM; the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (NRE);
the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Malaysia; and the Institute of Strategic
and International Studies (ISIS). About 50 participants from government agencies, research
institutes, universities, corporate sector, non-governmental and inter-governmental organizations
participated in this Round Table Dialogue. The group represented a multidisciplinary background
ranging from the sciences, physical planning, economics and nance to social sciences.
LESTARI ANNUAL REPORT 2008
Annual Report Comittee Members : Mazlin bin Mokhtar, Saiful Arif Abdullah, Ahmad Fariz
Mohamed, Nik Mohd Noor Faizul Md Saad, Wan Daraputri Razali, Nurul Safaniza Che Ani,
Bisharuzi Omar, Rd. Puteri Khairani Khirotdin, Akmalhisham Jasni and Sharina Abdul Halim.
This annual report contains research and development activities which were conducted by
Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI) during the year 2008. This report also
contains details of postgraduate programmes offered at LESTARI, seminars, workshops and
symposium organized by LESTARI and a list of LESTARI publications during the year 2008.
Prof. Dr. Mazlin Bin Mokhtar
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Artikel
Article
MALAYSIAN NETWORK FOR RESEARCHON CLIMATE, ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
(MyCLIMATE)
The Malaysian Network for Research on Climate,
Environment and Development (MyCLIMATE), aims to
consolidate partnerships among researchers within UKM,
strengthen linkages with government agencies, the private
sector, non-government organisations, community-based
organisations and universities, to conduct R&D that is
policy relevant. MyCLIMATE is currently undertaking major
initiatives at the national and regional levels. These include
the following:
Policy Study on Climate Change;
Assessment of Socio-Economic Impacts and
Responses, Vulnerability & Adaptation Working Group of
Malaysias Second National Communication; and
APN-CAPaBLE Programme: Strengthening Capacity forPolicy Research on Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate
Change in Agriculture and Water Sectors.
The Secretariat of MyCLIMATE is hosted by the Institute
for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia and supported by the Ministry
of Natural Resources and Environment Malaysia. The
UKM membership of MyCLIMATE comprises the Policy
Tools and Responses Research Group within the Climate
Change Policy Responses Research Cluster of UKMs
Climate Change Research Niche, which is chaired by
Prof. Dr. Sharifah Mastura Syed Abdullah. Through UKM
members, MyCLIMATE provides research support to the
National Focal Point for UNFCCC and the National Steering
Committee on Climate Change in planning, coordinating
and reviewing the implementation of climate change
activities at national, state and local levels. MyCLIMATE
has also developed a Directory of Climate Change
Experts in Malaysia, encompassing researchers and
experts in government agencies, universities, communitybased organisations, non-government organisations and
the private sector. For more information, please log on to:
www.ukm.my/myc
dengan barangan perkilangan yang mampu bertindakbalas
pantas apabila berlakunya peningkatan permintaan.
Kesediaan faktor-faktor pengeluaran seperti tanah,
buruh, input-input pertanian, bekalan air dan faktor cuaca
merupakan
batasan-batasan kepada penyelesaian segera.
Oleh demikian penyelesaian jangka panjang melibatkan
penggubalan dasar dan strategi makro untuk menangani
isu ini.
Pertumbuhan output merupakan penyelesaian jangka
panjang untuk menangani kekurangan bekalan dan kenaikan
harga. Bagi menjayakannya sektor pertanian perlu diransangterutamanya kepada tanaman berasaskan bijirin. Usaha
ini memerlukan pakej atau gabungan strategi merangkumi
dasar, insentif dan galakan, R&D, khidmat pengembangan,
pendidikan dan latihan, pemasaran, infrastruktur dan kapasiti
penyimpanan. Wujud pendapat bahawa Revolusi Hijau
Fasa Kedua perlu dilancarkan untuk menangani masalah
pertumbuhan output.
Di kalangan negara maju, halangan dagangan sektor
pertanian masih lagi tinggi walaupun beberapa perubahan
di bawah perjanjian perdagangan serantau dan dua hala
telah dimeterai merangkumi penghapusan subsidi, bayaran
pindahan, kuota dan beberapa bentuk perlindungan lain.
Namun jurang ketidaksamaan antara negara maju dan
negara miskin masih luas dan pasaran eksport lebih berpihak
kepada negara pertanian maju. Di bawah dasar liberalisasi
perdagangan, ketidakadilan semakin melebar. Pembukaan
pasaran domestik kepada negara luar menyebabkan produk
tempatan perlu bersaing dengan produk eksport yang jauh
lebih murah dan berkualiti.
Negara pertanian miskin kurang cekap dalam pelbagai
aspek terpaksa bersaing negara kaya yang mempunyai
kelebihan seperti skala pengeluaran, adaptasi teknik dan
teknologi moden, buruh mahir dan berilmu, tanah luas dan
keupayaan modal. Oleh demikian, sektor pertanian negara
miskin tidak mampu bersaing dan dalam jangka masa
panjang petani terpaksa meninggalkan ladang mereka
untuk mencari peluang-peluang penghidupan lain. Keadilan
perdagangan antarabangsa perlu diwujudkan bukan sahaja
untuk negara miskin tetapi kepada keselamatan dan
kesejahteraan manusia sejagat.
Negara Sedang Membangun perlu menambah pelaburan
R&D pertanian, khidmat pengembangan, memperbaiki
sistem infrastruktur pertanian dan kemudahan asas luar
bandar dan juga akses pasaran untuk petani kecil. Setelah
sekian lama pelaburan luar bandar diabaikan, maka ini
adalah masa untuk mereka memperbaiki dan menyemak
semula dasar pembangunan pertanian dan luar bandar
di negara masing-masing. Pembaikan kemudahan luar
bandar seperti bekalan air, elektrik, komunikasi juga harus
dilakukan secara berterusan bagi meningkatkan akses
penduduk kepada makanan dan seterusnya kualiti hidup
mereka.- Rospidah Ghazali
oleh Rospidah Ghazali
Tanjung Karang, Selangor
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Research
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ArtikelArticle
POLICY STUDY ON CLIMATE CHANGE
The Policy Study on Climate Change is conducted by the
Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI),
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. The study is funded under
the Ninth Malaysia Plan, 2006-2010 (RMK 9) by the Ministry
of Natural Resources and Environment (NRE). The aim of
the project is to develop a national policy and strategieson climate change in fostering sustainable development in
Malaysia to meet the needs of the country and respond to the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC). A major outcome of this study is the draft of
National Policy on Climate Change based on stakeholder
consultations. Another major outcome of this project is
the establishment of the Malaysian Network for Research
on Climate, Environment & Development (MyCLIMATE).
MyCLIMATE provides research support to the National Focal
Point for UNFCCC in climate change activities at national,
state and local levels. The study was awarded a gold medal
at the 19th International Invention, Innovation and Technology
Exhibition (ITEX 2008) organised by the Malaysian Invention
and Design Society (MINDS) in May 2008.
CLIMATE RESILIENT DEVELOPMENT LINKING
SCIENCE AND GOVERNANCE FOR SUSTAINABILITY
This agship project of UKM was initiated by the Southeast
Asia Disaster Prevention Research Institute (SEADPRI-
UKM) in collaboration with the Institute for Environment
and Development (LESTARI, UKM) and various faculties of
UKM. The aim of the project is to review and adapt suitable
methodologies for assessing vulnerability and adaptive
capacity to climate change at the local level in a tropical
region, and to reduce risk of disasters and negative impacts
to livelihood. Local level case studies will be conducted and
its ndings documented in peer reviewed journals to benet
the preparation process of the 5th Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
READINESS AND CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE OF
MALAYSIAN SOCIETY
Climate change has the potential to create negative impactsto the community especially to the economy, livelihood and
health. It is important to understand its potential impacts to
the community to assess how resilient they are in managing
after effect of any disasters related to climate change.
This project was designed to understand the readiness of
community towards changes in climate and the environment.
One of the key elements of importance for mitigation is
reduction of carbon emission from human activities. Case
studies will be conducted on how to bring about carbon
reduction through behavioral changes at the community
level. The state of community resilience in responding to
extreme weather will also be studied. The ethical living
concept willserve as the basis for this study.
THE ASIA-PACIFIC NETWORK FOR GLOBAL CHANGE
RESEARCH (APN) PROJECT
The Asia-Pacic Network for Global Change ResearchProject on Strengthening Capacity for Policy Research
on Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change in
Agriculture and Water Sectors was initiated by the
Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI),
UKM and the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies
(IGES), Hayama, Japan, with support from the MS
Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF), India and
Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment
(IMHEN), Vietnam. Other collaborators include University
of Philippines Los Banos (Philippines), Royal University
of Phnom Penh (Cambodia) and Institute of Technology
Bandung (Indonesia). The project is funded by the Asia-
Pacic Network for Global Change Research and will be
conducted over three years from 2009 to 2012. The project
aims to strengthen research capacity on mainstreaming
climate change adaptation in the agriculture and water
sectors and also create a network for adaptation policy
research in Asia. The project is currently expanding its
partnership to researchers and policy makers in the region.
Interested parties are invited to participate and contribute in
all activities organised by the group to build capacity and
enhance awareness on climate change adaptation.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS AND RESPONSE
SUPPORT GROUP
Malaysia has started preparing its Second National
Communication since 2006. Three working groups were
established for this purpose i.e. Greenhouse Gas Inventory,
Vulnerability and Adaptation, and Mitigation. Within the
Vulnerability and Adaptation Working Group chaired by the
National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM),
a support group on Socio-Economic Impacts and Response
has been established for the rst time, to include social and
economic aspects into Malaysias National Communication.The Support Group is chaired by LESTARI-UKM and aims
to strengthen socio-economic inputs for seven key sectors
i.e. water, agriculture, marine and coastal resources,
biodiversity, forestry, energy and public health. The initial
expected outcomes from this Support Group is to harmonise
the methodologies for socio-economic impact assessment
in the key sectors. Overall socio-economic assessments
will then be conducted on a region specic basis.
Current Research Initiatives of LESTARI onCLIMATE CHANGE
Menurut Badan Makanan dan Pertanian (FAO), kenaikan
mendadak harga beras global telah dikesan semenjak bulan
Januari 2008 di mana meningkat sebanyak 20 peratus.
Walau bagaimanpun kenaikan sebanyak dua kali ganda
harga beras telah pun berlaku semenjak tahun 2000 lagi.
Penganalisis ekonomi membahagikan punca kekurangan
bekalan dan kenaikan harga beras global kepada beberapa
faktor utama.
Pengeluaran padi dan beras terutamanya di negara
pengeluar utama dunia seperti Thailand, Vietnam, India
dan Pakistan tidak meningkat berbanding semasa fasaRevolusi Hijau pada 1960an hingga 1970an. Kelembapan
pengeluaran padi dan beras menyebabkan berlaku
ketidakseimbangan dalam permintaan dan penawaran
beras. Penambahan permintaan didorong oleh pertumbuhan
penduduk yang pesat. Stok beras antarabangsa semakin
menyusut. Dalam pada itu, kos pengeluaran per hektar
semakin meningkat dan ia berpunca oleh kenaikan dalam
kos input seperti baja, racun kawalan perosak, benih dan
upah buruh. Serangan penyakit, makhluk perosak yang
menyerang sawah padi bukan sahaja telah mengurangkan
hasil, malahan turut membawa kepada kemusnahan
keseluruhan tanaman.
Perkembangan ekonomi global menyaksikan ekonomi dunia
terutamanya China dan India bertumbuh tinggi. Proses
perindustrian dan perbandaran berlaku dengan pantas dan
pendapatan per kapita rakyat mereka juga meningkat. Ini
mendorong mereka meningkatkan permintaan terhadap
beras dan berasaskan beras. Dalam pada itu, muncul
negara-negara pengguna beras baru seperti di wilayah
Afrika yang beralih kepada komoditi beras dan berasaskan
beras. Peralihan diet daripada berasaskan bijirin gandum
berpunca daripada harga gandum yang tinggi berbanding
harga beras. Kekurangan bekalan dan kenaikan harga
beras juga disumbangkan oleh pengurangan pelaburan dan
perkembangan perlahan daripada aktiviti-aktiviti penyelidikan
dan pembangunan (R&D) dan pembaikan infrastruktur
sistem pengairan terutama di negara-negara pengeluar
padi dan beras utama. Pelaburan R&D untuk menghasilkan
benih padi dan penemuan teknik penanaman moden adalah
perlahan kerana faktor kekurangan dana penyelidikan dan
komitmen di kalangan badan penyelidikan antarabangsa
dan negara-negara maju.
Faktor kemerosotan sumber asli dan alam sekitar turutmenyumbang kepada kekurangan bekalan dan kenaikan
harga beras. Tanah dan air sebagai input penting kepada
aktiviti ini telah berkurangan. Kawasan padi berpengairan
mengalami penguncupan kesan penukaran jenis guna tanah
kepada tanaman lain yang lebih bernilai komersial seperti
sayur-sayuran dan buah-buahan. Dalam pada itu, amalan
sistem intensikasi monokultur iaitu menanam padi dua atau
tiga kali setahun dalam jangka masa panjang, penggunaan
input kimia seperti racun kawalan perosak dan baja yang
keterlaluan menyebabkan tanah mengalami gangguan
kesuburan dan memerlukan rawatan pemulihan untuk
jangka masa panjang. Sementara itu wujud persaingan
antara jenis guna tanah pertanian dan lain-lain jenis guna
tanah seperti perindustrian dan perbandaran. Pembukaan
kawasan pengairan baru bagi negara-negara yang masih
mempunyai sumber tanah pula memerlukan kos modal dan
kos alam sekitar yang amat tinggi. Masalah kekurangan
sumber bekalan air turut mempengaruhi pengeluaran padi
secara berterusan. Persaingan penggunaan air berlaku
antara aktiviti pertanian, keperluan domestik, perindustrian
dan perbandaran. Kekurangan bekalan air menyebabkan
terdapat beberapa kawasan padi, contohnya di India tidak
dapat diusahakan.
Perubahan dan ketidaktentuan iklim dunia merupakan
cabaran alam sekitar semasa yang menyumbang kepada
kekurangan bekalan dan kenaikan harga beras global.
Kejadian banjir, ribut, taufan dan kemarau berpanjangan
menyebabkan hasil pengeluaran padi berkurangan.
Contohnya, fenomena kemarau berpanjangan pada tahun
2007 di Australia telah menyebabkan eksport beras dari
negara berkenaan terhenti. Sementara kejadian taufan di
Bangladesh pada awal tahun 2008 telah menyebabkan
negara berkenaan terpaksa merayu bantuan makanan
antarabangsa untuk mengelakkan rakyatnya kebuluran.
Preskripsi dasar dan strategi berbentuk jangka pendek dan
jangka panjang digubal dan dilaksanakan bagi mengatasi
masalah ini. Penyelesaian jangka pendek lebih mensasarkan
golongan termiskin dan berpendapatan rendah yang
tinggal di bandar dan luar bandar. Dianggarkan lebih
60 peratus pendapatan yang mereka perolehi digunakan
untuk membeli keperluan makanan. Kenaikan harga beras
bermakna mereka perlu mengurangkan penggunaan beras
atau mengurangkan perbelanjaan ke atas makanan lain
seperti ikan, daging dan sayur-sayuran yang penting
kepada kesihatan zikal dan mental. Golongan miskin
terutamanya kanak-kanak dan ibu-ibu mengandung
memerlukan perhatian segera agar kesihatan mereka tidak
terencat dan terganggu. Bagi menangani masalah ini strategi
meningkatkan program-program perlindungan sosial atau
juga dikenali sebagai program jaringan keselamatan (safety
nets programs). Bantuan makanan seimbang dan berzat
diperkenalkan di sekolah-sekolah atau di kawasan-kawasan
pedalaman yang terletak jauh dari pasaran. Bantuan
langsung seperti bantuan bekalan makanan, bantuan
pendapatan dan program makanan berzat disasarkan terus
kepada golongan yang dikenalpasti. Organisasi atau badanpemakanan dan pertanian antarabangsa seperti Pertubuhan
Kesihatan Dunia (WHO), Program Makanan Dunia (WFP),
FAO, Institut Penyelidikan Beras Antarabangsa (IRRI)
dan Institut Penyelidikan Dasar Makanan Antarabngsa
(IFPRI) telah bergerak lebih proaktif merangka program
berkaitan pemakanan, kesihatan, penyelidikan dan bantuan
makanan.
Meningkatkan bekalan beras secara drastik sukar dilakukan
kerana ciri-ciri komoditi pertanian adalah berbeza
>> muka surat 14
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Research
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Article
Newly Awarded APN-FUNDED PROJECT, 2009
Workshop on Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change in Agriculture and Water Sectors, Corus Hotel, Kuala Lumpur
Analysis of policies in select countries revealed thatimportant decisions in the agriculture and water sectors,including reservoir construction and canal design are
implemented without consideration of projected impacts of
climate change. One of the most important barriers identied
was the limited capacity of researches in the region toprovide adaptation policy-relevant information. For example,
research on indicators for monitoring the effectiveness of
adaptation options at different spatial scales is completely
lacking. Networking and communication among researchers
and policy makers focusing on adaptation is also extremely
limited. It was in this context that a project on Strengthening
Capacity for Policy Research on Mainstreaming Adaptation
to Climate Change in Agriculture and Water Sectors was
initiated in August 2009 by the Institute for Environment
and Development, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
(LESTARI,UKM), in collaboration with the Institute for Global
Environmental Strategies (IGES), Japan, M.S. Swaminathan
Research Foundation (MSSRF), India, and Institute of
Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment (IMHEN), Vietnam.
The project, which is funded by the Asia Pacic Network for
Global Change Research under its CAPaBLE Programme,
aims to strengthen research capacity on mainstreaming
climate change adaptation concerns into agricultural and
water policies and also to create a network for adaptation
policy research in Asia.
The project adopts a three-pronged approach to strengthen
research capacity on adaptation in the agriculture and
water sectors. Firstly, identication of practical options for
mainstreaming and metrics for monitoring the effectiveness
of adaptation policies and measures; secondly, exchange of
adaptation policy-relevant information through creation of a
network called ARPNAP (Adaptation Research and Policy
Network for Asia and Pacic); and lastly, dissemination of
outputs beyond the project boundaries. A comprehensive
assessment of national capacity for research and policy
making on adaptation will be conducted through indicators
such as number of research institutions, researchers, and
policy makers, and policies that integrate climate change
concerns. Technical, institutional and regulatory barriersto integrating climate change adaptation concerns at both
policy and operational levels will be examined, with a view
to provide tools to assess progress in adaptation in a
measurable manner, and contribute to shaping of nationally
appropriate adaption polices and measures within the
context of sustainable development.
The project will contribute to the characterization of
adaptive policies and identifying gaps in existing agriculture
and water policies. A framework for developing adaptive
policies and assessing the effectiveness of adaptation
investments will assist decision makers by providing a
reference against which evaluators and stakeholders at all
levels can monitor progress on adaptation. Project ndings
will be disseminated through project reports, peer reviewed
articles, UNFCCC COP side events and the project website.
ARPNAP will be linked to the NetRes (Network of Research
Institutions) initiative under APFED (Asia Pacic Forum for
Environment and Development) of IGES, NWP (Nairobi
Work Programme) and LCA (Linking Climate Adaptation)
mailing lists. The proposed ARPNAP network will be unique
in the region to enhance interactions between researchers
and policy makers. It is currently expanding its membership
and welcoming all experts in the region to contribute their
expertise. Interested parties are requested to log on to
our project website at http://www.ukm.my/apn for more
information and registration.
- Sh. Nur Eli Diyana, Tan Ching Tiong &
Mohd Khairul Zain
Oleh itu, Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu melalui UNESCO sebagai
agensi penggerak telah mengiystiharkan tahun 2005
2014 sebagai Dekad Pendidikan untuk Pembangunan
Lestari. Di Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) telah
mengambil inisiatif untuk mempelopori gagasan pendidikan
untuk pembangunan lestari melalui pengwujudan sebuah
pusat dan melaksanakan beberapa program di peringkat
kebangsaan dan rantauan.
Pada umumnya, pendidikan untuk pembangunan lestari
memberikan perhatian kepada usaha untuk mengintegrasikan
prinsip, nilai dan amalan pembangunan lestari ke dalamsemua aspek pendidikan dan pembelajaran. Pendekatan
pendidikan, sama ada formal dan tidak kepada semua
golongan masyarakat pelajar hingga masyarakat awam
dilihat sebagai strategi jangka panjang yang paling kritikal
bagi mengubah set minda masyarakat untuk memahami dan
menghayati isu kelestarian, serta mengambil tindakan positif
melaksanakan agenda pembangunan lestari.
Pembangunan lestari memberikan tumpuan kepada
beberapa prinsip sejagat yang merentas budaya, agama dan
bangsa. Prinsip ini perlu diterapkan dalam semua disiplin ilmu
yang didedahkan kepada pelajar dan masyarakat. Beberapa
prinsip penting yang boleh diterapkan ialah:
Berhati-hati tindakan yang telah diambil sebelum
memperolehi bukti saintik sesuatu itu boleh memberi impak
negatif kepada alam sekitar atau kesejahteraan komunitilazimnya akan mengakibatkan kerosakan yang luar dugaan
terhadap masyarakat dan alam. Ini merupakan tindakan
mementingkan diri dan tidak adil kepada generasi akan
datang;
Saling-bergantung Masyarakat, ekonomi dan alam sekitar
tabii adalah saling-bergantung. Semua hidupan, termasuk
manusia adalah bergantung antara satu sama lain, mereka
dijalin melalui kitaran tabii dan sistem ekologi;
Kualiti kehidupan dan keadilan kualiti kehidupan bergantung
kepada sistem ekonomi, sosial dan alam sekitar yang
melahirkan komuniti semasa dan akan datang yang sihat,
produktif dan mempunyai makna hidup. Semua manusia
mempunyai hak dan peluang yang sama untuk meneruskan
kualiti hidup yang boleh diterima;
Keupayaan tampungan keupayaan tampungan suatu
ekosistem ialah jumlah penduduk yang boleh ditampung
secara berterusan tanpa memudaratkan sumber dan
perkhidmatan yang diberikan oleh ekosistem tersebut; dan
Warga dunia semua manusia adalah warga dunia yang
menggunakan sumber asli yang terhad, yang mengamalkan
kepenggunaan yang mencemar dan menyebabkan degradasi
alam sekitar. Manusia perlu bersifat warga dunia yang
bertanggungjawab.
Prinsip-prinsip di atas lazimnya terabai apabila pendidikan
tertumpu kepada objektif dan kandungan disiplin ilmu.
Pendidikan untuk pembangunan lestari boleh diterapkan
secara beransur-ansur dalam sistem pendidikan negara. Pada
peringkat awal prinsip, nilai dan amalan boleh diterapkan dalam
semua mata pelajaran dan disiplin pendidikan. Bagaimanapun,
akhirnya pendidikan lestari perlu memberikan tumpuan kepada
hubung-kait antara disiplin dan pembinaan kurikulum yang
bersifat terintegrasi dan holistik.
Individu, komuniti, masyarakat dan bangsa yang terdidik
mengenai pembangunan lestari merupakan penggerak utama
untuk melihat pembangunan sesebuah negara secara lestari
dan benteng terakhir untuk mempertahankan bumi dari terus
termusnah oleh tindak tanduk manusia.
- Ibrahim Komoo
Kekurangan Bekalan dan Kenaikan Harga Beras:Punca dan Penyelesaian
Penghujung tahun 2007, dunia dikejutkan denganagation, iaitu berlaku kenaikan inasi ke atasbarangan berasaskan pertanian kesan daripada kenaikan
berterusan harga komoditi berkenaan. Pengguna miskin
di serata dunia yang begitu tertekan dengan situasi ini
melakukan bantahan atas kenaikan harga bijirin seperti
beras, gandum, jagung dan soya. Kekurangan bekalan
dan kenaikan harga bermula pada Disember 2007 di mana
rakyat Mexico telah melakukan kekacauan membantah
kenaikan mendadak harga tortilla yang meningkat empat
kali ganda berbanding sebelumnya. Warga Indonesia pula
melakukan protes jalanan atas kenaikan harga kacang
soya. Pada Februari 2008, para pembantah di tiga buah
bandar utama Burkina Faso telah menyerang pejabat
kerajaan dan kedai-kedai atas kenaikan harga makanan
dan lain-lain keperluan asas. Penduduk Haiti melakukan
keganasan apabila kehabisan bekalan beras sehingga
dilaporkan kematian akibat kelaparan. Keadaan darurat
ini menggesa badan-badan antarabangsa campurtangan
memberi bantuan makanan kecemasan, namun bekalan
hanya mencukupi untuk beberapa hari sahaja. Setiausaha
Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (PBB), Ban Ki-
moon telah mengisytiharkan bahawa krisis makanan dunia
kini sudah sampai ke tahap kecemasan dan mengancam
keselamatan makanan global.
Beras merupakan salah satu komoditi bijirin yang mengalami
kekurangan bekalan dan kenaikan harga mendadak.
>> muka surat 13
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Aktiviti
Activites
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ArticleMyCLIMATE Events
On behalf of LESTARI-UKM, the Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment (NRE) and other collaborators,
MyCLIMATE has organised the following activities:
1. Workshop on Mainstreaming Adaptation to
Climate Change in Agriculture and Water
Sectors
Corus Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, 10-11 August 2009
2. National Workshop on Reducing Emissions
from Deforestation and Forest Degradation
(REDD)
Legend Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, 12 March 2009
3. Dialogue on Indicators for Climate Change
and Sustainable Development
Hotel Pan Pacic KLIA, 5 March 2009
4. Review of Macro Economic Models
Application for Assessing Climate Change
Impact on Various Economic Sectors
LESTARI-UKM, 25 February 2009
5. Workshop on Socio-Economic Impact
Assessment Tools for Climate Change
Klana Beach Resort, Seremban,
24-25 November 2008
6. Training Course on Vulnerability Assessment
for Climate Change Adaptation: The Spatial
Planning Perspective
Danau Golf Club, UKM Bangi, 17 October 2008
7. National Consultation on the Draft National
Policy on Climate Change
Palm Garden Hotel, Putrajaya,
24 25 September 2008
8. Consultation with Business and Industry
Groups Policy Framework on Climate
Change
Danau Golf Club, UKM Bangi, 1 August 2008
9. Consultation with the NGOs Policy
Framework on Climate Change
Danau Golf Club, UKM Bangi, 23 July 2008
10. Roundtable Dialogue on A New Approach
to Climate Change: Balancing Adaptation
and Mitigation
Bilik Majlis, Bangunan Canselori UKM,
25 February 2008
Members of MyCLIMATE have actively participated in key
meetings on climate change at national and international
levels. Selected meetings are listed below:
1. United Nations Climate Change Conference
2009 (COP 15), organised by United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC), Copenhagen, Denmark7-18 December 2009
2. Barcelona Climate Change Talks 2009,
organised by UNFCCC, Barcelona, Spain
2-6 November 2009
3. 31st Session of the IPCC, organised by
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC), Bali, Indonesia
26-29 October 2009
4. Workshop on Environmental Science
Research Field Study organised by
Royal University of Phnom Penh & United
Nations University, Phnom Penh, Cambodia,
25 July 2009
5. Scoping Meeting for the IPCC 5th
Assessment Report (AR5), Venice Italy
13-17 July 2009
6. Environmental Policy: A Multinational
Conference On Policy Analysis and Teaching
Methods organised by KDI School of Public Policy
& Management, Seoul, South Korea,
11-13 June 2009
7. Workshop of Working Group on
Vulnerability & Adaptation, Second
National Communication (NC2) organised
by National Hydraulic Research Institute
Malaysia, First World Hotel, Genting Highland
27-28 April 2009
8 United Nations Climate Change Conference2008 (COP14), organised by UNFCCC,
Poznan, Poland
2-13 December 2008
9 3rd Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster
Risk Reduction organised by National Security
Council Malaysia & International Strategy for
Disaster Reduction (ISDR), Kuala Lumpur,
2-4 December 2008
>> to page 7
Pendidikan untuk Pembangunan Lestari
Cukup bukti saintik yang menunjukkan tindak tandukmanusia melaksanakan pembangunan ketika inimenuju ke arah ketidaklestarian! Kualiti alam sekitar
sedang mengalami kemerosotan sumber asli, tenaga dan
bahan asas, sumber air dan udara juga semakin tercemar.
Pada masa yang sama, kadar kemiskinan penduduk dunia
bertambah, dan jurang perbezaan antara yang kaya dan
miskin semakin meluas. Manusia masih berkelakuan
yang sama jadi tidak ada salahnya cara kita membangunsekarang! Alam sekitar tidak memerlukan manusia, tetapi
manusia memerlukan alam sekitar untuk terus hidup di
permukaan bumi ini.
Warga dunia yang prihatin sedar aliran pembangunan
yang membimbangkan ini akan membawa seluruh warga
dunia menuju ke arah kemusnahan. Dalam Persidangan
Kemuncak Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu di Rio de Janeiro pada
tahun 1992, satu deklarasi mengenai Alam Sekitar dan
Pembangunan telah dipersetujui oleh kebanyakan negara
dunia, termasuk Malaysia. Pada prinsipnya, pemimpin
dunia sepakat untuk melaksanakan Agenda 21 iaitu satu
agenda pembangunan abad ke-21 yang akan memberikan
perhatian kepada pembangunan lestari!
Apa itu pemban gunan lesta ri? Secar a prins ipnya
pembangunan lestari boleh ditakrifkan sebagai pembangunan
yang memenuhi keperluan masyarakat semasa tanpa
menyekat keupayaan generasi akan datang untuk memenuhi
keperluan mereka. Walaupun kenyataan ini nampaknya
mudah, usaha untuk menterjemahkan kepada program
dan aktiviti pembangunan yang bersifat lestari adalah
sangat sukar dan kompleks. Ia menuntut perubahan set
minda dan pengukuhan iltizam dari semua golongan pihak
berkepentingan seperti ahli politik, pembuat dan pelaksana
dasar, pihak peniaga, dan masyarakat awam.
Malaysia respon kepada keperluan untuk berubah ke arah
pembangunan lestari dengan pelbagai cara. Di peringkat
institusi, perancangan pembangunan ekonomi mula
memberikan perhatian kepada keperluan untuk memulihara
alam sekitar dan sumber asli. Sesetengah agensi pelaksana
telah memulakan peranannya dengan memperkenalkan
konsep kelestarian sektoral dengan mengambil kira
unsur kelestarian dalam sektor pembangunan masing-masing. Di Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
umpamanya, telah menubuhkan Institut Alam Sekitar dan
Pembangunan (LESTARI) pada tahun 1994. LESTARI
berusaha untuk menyelidik dan memberikan latihan bagi
membolehkan pendekatan, kemahiran dan pengetahuan
untuk melaksanakan pembangunan lestari disalurkan
kepada pelbagai pihak berkepentingan, terutamanya kepada
institusi penggubal dan pelaksana dasar.
Selepas lebih 15 tahun Deklarasi Rio dilaksanakan oleh
kebanyakan negara dunia, aliran pembangunan yang
bersifat tidak lestari masih berterusan. Bagi kebanyakan
negara, terutamanya negara Malaysia, cabaran utama untuk
melaksanakan agenda pembangunan lestari ialah:
Sistem pendidikan di peringkat sekolah hingga ke
universiti adalah bersifat disiplin atau sektor. Oleh itu,
kemahiran berkir dan cara membuat keputusan oleh
kebanyakan warga juga bersifat disiplin dan berasas sektor.
Pembangunan lestari pada umumnya menuntut tindakanbersifat holistik dan terintegrasi. Pendekatan dan tindakan
untuk pembangunan lestari memerlukan keupayaan berkir
secara multi-disiplin dan rentas-sektor. Oleh itu, keupayaan
untuk melaksanakan perancangan pembangunan lestari
sangat terbatas;
Sistem governans yang diwarisi sejak zaman British lagi
juga bersifat sektor. Agensi pembuat dan pelaksana dasar
diwujudkan untuk melaksanakan aktiviti pembangunan
bersifat sektor, antaranya pertanian, perlombongan,
perhutanan, kesihatan, pendidikan dan perindustrian.
Semua sektor ini mempunyai hubungan yang rapat
antara satu sama lain, dan saling-hubungan antara sektor
memainkan peranan yang penting untuk menjayakan agenda
pembangunan lestari; dan
Model pembangunan negara adalah berteraskan
pembangunan ekonomi, dan pembangunan sosial dan
alam sekitar dilihat daripada perspektif pengukuhan
ekonomi negara. Walaupun pertumbuhan ekonomi
merupakan satu daripada komponen kelestarian yang
penting, tanpa mengimbangi keperluan memperkukuhkan
kesejahteraan masyarakat dan pemuliharaan alam sekitar,
asas pertumbuhan ekonomi akan menjadi rapuh dan dalam
jangka panjang akan memusnahkan kelestarian sesuatu
komuniti, bangsa atau negara.
Tuntutan untuk melaksanakan agenda pembangunan lestari
sangat sukar dan kompleks, terutamanya bagi negara
yang sedang membangun, di mana pengukuhan ekonomi
merupakan prioriti. Bagaimanapun, secara jangka panjang
tiada negara dapat meminggirkan isu genting ini kerana ia
melibatkan hidup mati warga dunia.
Antara tindakan susulan untuk melaksanakan agendapembangunan lestari oleh kebanyakan negara ialah melakar
dasar dan perancangan yang bersesuaian; menyediakan
strategi peralihan daripada pendekatan sektoral kepada
holistik; melaksanakan program dan aktiviti penting berkaitan
pembangunan lestari; dan pembangunan keupayaan individu
dan institusi untuk melaksana agenda ini.
Pembangunan keupayaan, khususnya melalui program
Pendidikan untuk Pembangunan Lestari dilihat sebagai
kunci kejayaan untuk mengubah set minda masyarakat ke
arah kelestarian. >> muka surat 12
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Aktiviti
Activities
>> from page 6
10. Bangkok Climate Change Talks 2009,
organised by UNFCCC, Bangkok, Thailand
31 March- 4 April 2008
11. International Seminar on Climate Variability,
Change and Extreme Weather Events
Towards Enhancing Understanding of
Climate Variability Change in the Maritime
Continent and Indo-Pacifc Region organised
by Malaysian Meterological Department (MMD),
26-27 February 2008
12. Young Presidents Organisation: Outlook for
the Year 2008, The Effects of Climate Change
on Business, organised by Young Presidents
Organisation Secretariat, Kuala Lumpur,
24 January 2008
13. National Environmental Conference: Facing
Market Realities: Going Green for Sustainable
Development organised by Asia Executive
Programmes, Kuala Lumpur, 18 January 2008
14. United National Climate Change Conference
2007 (COP13), Bali, Indonesia
13-14 December 2007
Workshop on Mainstreaming Adaptation to ClimateChange to Climate Change in Agriculture and
Water Sector
Corus Hotel, Ampang, Kuala Lumpur
The Workshop on Mainstreaming Adaptation to ClimateChange in Agriculture and Water Sectors wassuccessfully convened on 10 August 2009 at the Corus
Hotel, Kuala Lumpur involving about 50 participants from
government agencies, research institutes and selected
universities in Southeast Asia. It was jointly organised by
the Institute for Environment and Development, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia (LESTARI,UKM), Asia Pacific
Network on Global Change Research (APN) and Institute
for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), Japan in order
to achieve its mission of strengthening research capacity
on mainstreaming climate change adaptation. In addition,
the Workshop also provided a platform for researchers and
experts of various disciplines to interact with each other,
share expertise, build capacity and enhance awareness on
climate change adaptation; agriculture and water sectors.
Consolidating the National View on REDD
REDD, an acronym for Reducing Emission from Deforestationand Forest Degradation in developing countries, is aninnovative approach to protect and conserve tropical forest.
The philosophy behind REDD is to provide nancial support
for countries that are willing and able to reduce emissions from
deforestation. Previous approaches to curb global deforestation
have so far been unsuccessful; forests continue to be converted
to other land uses.
In order to create strong economic incentive for developingcountries to reduce the clearing of their tropical forests, these
countries would need to be paid more than they could make
by clearing the land and using it for agricultural activities
such as crops cultivation and cattle rearing. It turns out that
REDD is an affordable solution for reducing global warming
pollution because the cost of compensating tropical countries
is considerably lower than the current costs of reducing carbon
emissions from industries, vehicles and power plant. Therefore,
REDD can greatly reduce tropical deforestation, and thus
reduce global warming, with relatively modest funding. A new
funding arrangement has been initiated by the World Bank,
namely Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) to provide
necessary nancial support.
In this regard, a National Workshop on Reducing Emissions
from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) was held in
Kuala Lumpur on12th March 2009. The Workshop was ofciatedby Y. Bhg. Puan Aziyah binti Mohamed, Deputy Secretary
General of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
(NRE). It was jointly organised by the Forestry Department of
Malaysia (FDPM), Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM),
and also Institute for Environment and Development, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia (LESTARI, UKM). The main objective
was to develop an understanding on the issues of REDD; to
provide a forum for the stakeholders consultation; and also to
provide recommendations on a provisional national position on
REDD. There were ve papers presented during the Workshop;
namely Climate Change, Forest and REDD, Some Thoughts on
REDD, The Many Faces of REDD, Financing and Alternatives
to REDD and also REDD and Greenhouse Gas Accounting.Following the presentations a panel discussion was convened
with representatives of Forestry Department of Peninsular
Malaysia, Sabah Forestry Department, Sarawak Forestry
Department, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) and
WWF Malaysia as panel members.
It is envisaged that REDD provides a new framework to allow
deforesting countries to break this historic trend. A strict set of
criteria would be developed to certify the reductions, and once
a country reaches its emissions target and the reductions are
certied, it would likely be eligible for monetary compensation.
REDD will be amongst the controversial issues that will be
deliberated and negotiated during the Copenhagen Climate
Conference in December 2009. In this connection, developing
countries particularly tropical rich nations must gain from REDD
negotiation and not allow developed nations to use the REDD
mechanism as a strategy to further hamper sustainable andeconomic development of developing countries.
- Shaharuddin Mohamad Ismail
Hutan Bukit Hijau, Kedahby LESTARI
by LESTARI
The Workshop was organized in conjunction with the
inception of the new project currently funded by the APN
on Strengthening the Capacity for Policy Research on
Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change in Agriculture
and Water Sectors, led by LESTARI-UKM, in collaboration
with IGES, MS Swaminathan Research Foundation
(MSSRF) India, and the Institute of Meteorology, Hydrologyand Environment (IMHEN) Vietnam. The project aims to
strengthen research capacity on mainstreaming climate
change adaptation concerns into agricultural and water
policies and to create a network for adaptation policy
research in Asia Pacic.
The Workshop was ofciated by the Director of LESTARI,
Prof Dr. Mazlin Bin Mokhtar who also gave an opening
address at the meeting. Twelve papers were presented on
three themes: regional and national perspective towards
mainstreaming climate change adaptation; country status
and experiences in climate change adaptation; and
monitoring and nancing of climate change adaptation. The
discussion served as a basis to delineate practical options
for mainstreaming climate change adaptation and measuring
the effectiveness of adaptation policies. The four partners,
LESTARI-UKM, IGES, MSSRF and IMHEN, in conjunction
with selected organizations in the region will serve as
founding members of the Adaptation Research and Policy
Network for Asia and the Pacic (ARPNAP)
Interested organizations in the region are welcome to
become members of ARPNET to contribute and access
outputs from the APN Project. Further information can be
obtained from http://www.ukm.my/apn
- Mohd Khairul Zain, Tan Ching Tiong &
Sh. Nur Eli Diyana
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Activities
Aktiviti
Dialogue on Indicators for Climate Change and Sustainable Development
5 March 2009
Hotel Pan Pacifc KLIA, Sepang
MyCLIMATE in ACTION!
National Consultation Workshop on the Draft National Policy on Climate Change
24 & 25 September 2009
Palm Garden Hotel, Putrajaya
Workshop on Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change in
Agriculture and Water Sectors
10-11 August 2009
Corus Hotel, Kuala Lumpur
MyCLIMATE in ACTION!
Training Course on Vulnerability Assessment for Climate Change Adaptation:
The Spatial Planning Perspective
17 October 2008
Danau Glof Club, UKM
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