salivaomics by dr.ilakkiya balasubramaniyan

SalivaomicsThe term “ salivaomics “ was coined in 2008 to reflect the rapid development of knowledge about the various “ omics “ constituents of saliva.salivaomics- has a PROMISING FUTURE IN

EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF many DENTAL and SYSTEMIC DISEASES and may offer robust alternative for clinicians

Salivomics includes five diagnostic alphabets protiens,mRNAs,miRNAs,metabolic compounds and

microbes offers substantial advantages .

Proteomics

Microbiomics

GenomicsTranscriptomics

Melabolomics

Salivary proteomicsThe proteomics is the study of all protiens present in

the given sample .Human salivary proteome analysis is important for

understanding oral health and disease pathogens..A recently conducted study in patients with

aggressive periodontitis has shown that six uniqueprotiens were increased in saliva of periodontal subjects

The six proteins of aggressive periodontitis in saliva as follows

ThymosinsStatherinCystatin(cyst A,B,C)Hst(Hst-1,Hst-3)DefensinsPRPs(aPRPs,bPRPs)

Salivary metabolomicsAnalysis of the key molecular metabolites in body

fluids has become a important diagnostic tool.This advanced analytic technology using saliva has

led to discovery of numerous salivary biomarkers and could enable separation,detection,characterizationand quantification of the saliva metabolome.

Salivary transcriptomicsStudy of salivary mRNAs.

Salivary transcriptomics has revealed that there are 3000 mRNAs in the cell free saliva supernatant of healthy subjects.

Of particular interest is that there is a normal salivary transcriptome core signature of mRNAs that is present in all normal subjects,providing the rationale to use the salivary transcriptome for disease detection.

Salivary transcriptome

Salivary microbiomicsThe study of specific pathogens and oral

bacterial community in saliva.It is a promising clinical diagnostic indicator of oral

cancer,periodontitis and various other diseases.SDxMart is a commercial data portal that host

salivary proteomic,transcriptomic,metabolomics,andmiRNAs data and offers access to the data via use of the BioMart interface and querying environment.

GENOMICS IN SALIVA The most important fact is that

the cells of oral mucosa are shed in the saliva and by isolation of DNA by salivaomics the future diagnostic and prophylactic procedures can be done.

Most relevant to periodontal diseases and oral cancer .

Point of care technologies for salivary diagnosisApplication of micro / nano electro mechanical system(MEMS/NEMS)

in saliva based diagnostics provides good point of care diagnosis.MEMS/NEMS is an integrated system that consists of a central unit

for processing data and several other components that connects with the outside interface such as microsensors.

NEMS/MEMS

High sentive biosensor Advanced nanosensor

Multiple analytes in a drop of saliva could be simultaneously measured and analysed through high sensitive biosensor

Oral fluid nanosensor testIt is a point of care,automated and easy to

use integrated system that will enable simultaneous and precise detection of multiple salivary protiens and nucleic acids.

This system is portable and could be used not only in clinics ,also in any emergency places to perform an instant point of care diagnosis.

Its application to rural Indian population where advanced diagnostic infrastructure are inaccessible.

Oralfluid nanosensor testing providing future diagnosis of certain diseases

ConclusionWith the advancements in nano technology,1.5 litres

of saliva has a significant role similar to that of 6 litresof blood ,as a diagnostic biomarker to identify many oral and systemic diseses.

However various issues are to be addressed before , “SALIVOMICS”, is put to use widely in clinical settings..

THANK YOU