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Sanctuary in the Book of Revelation
Jiří Moskala, Th.D., Ph.D. Professor of Old Testament Exegesis
and Theology
Andrews University
Special Blessing
Rev 1:3
“Blessed is the one who reads the words of this prophecy, and blessed are those who hear it and take to heart what is written in it, because the time is near.”
An Appendix? An Obscure Book?
The Book of Revelation = Culmination of Biblical Theology.
Do you like ART? Do you like to visit picture galleries?
Revelation of John?
“The revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave him to show his servants what must soon take place. He made it known by sending his angel to his servant John…”
Rev 1:1
Revelation of God
Revelation coming from God about God!
Introduction and Conclusion: GRACE
Rev 1:4 “Grace and peace to you…”
Rev 22:21 “The grace of the Lord Jesus be with God's people. Amen.”
Literary Structure of the Book of Revelation
Chapters 1-11
Historical part (several overviews from the first coming to the second coming of Jesus)
Chapters 12-22
Eschatological part (focus on the end-time events)
The Chiasm of Revelation
Pro- logue
1:1-8
The Seven
ChurchesA
1:9-3:22
TheSevenTrum- pets
C
4:1-8:1
TheSevenSeals
B
The FinalCrisis
D
8:2-11:18
11:19-14:20
The Seven Bowls
C’
15:1-18:24
19:1-20:15
The Millen- nium
B’
21:1-22:5
The New Jeru- salem
A’
Epi- logue
22:6- 21
The Meganarrative of Revelation Series of Seven’s
Prologue: Revelation 1:1-8(Series of Seven's)
• I. 7 Churches (2-3)• II. 7 Seals (6:1-8:1)• III. 7 Trumpets (8:7-11:8)• IV. 7 Cosmic Conflict Scenes (12:1-15:4)
– [Last 6 start with kai eidon "And I saw"]• 1. 12:1-17 Woman and Serpent• 2. 13:1-10 Sea Beast• 3. 13:11-16 Land Beast• 4. 14:1-5 144,000• 5. 14:6-13 3 Angels' Message• 6. 14:14-20 Harvest• 7. 15:1-4 Sea of Glass
• V. 7 Plagues (16:1-18:24)• VI. 7 Scenes in the Windup of the Cosmic Conflict (19:11-20:15)
– [Each scene starts with kai eidon "And I saw"]• 1. 19:11-16 White Horse• 2. 19:17-18 Supper of Birds• 3. 19:19-21 Final Battle• 4. 20:1-3 1000 Years• 5. 20:4-10 Saints Judge• 6. 20:11 Great White Throne• 7. 20:12-15 Judgment of Dead
• VII. 7 Part Description of the New Jerusalem (21:9-22:5) – 21:9-11,12-14,15-17,18-21,22-27; 22:1-2,3-5.Epilogue: Revelation 22:6-21
The Explicit Pattern
Introduction VisionSeven Churches (2-3)
Seven Seals (6-7)
Seven Trumpets (8-11)
Seven Plagues (16-18)
1:9-20
4 & 58:2-6
15:5-87 GC Scenes (12-14)11:19
7 GC Scenes (19-20)19:1-10New Earth (21-22)21:1-8
The Literary Structure
Introductory Sanctuary Scenes Series of Seven's
I. 1:9-20 Lampstands 7 Churches (2-3)
The Literary Structure
Introductory Sanctuary Scenes Series of Seven's
I. 1:9-20 Lampstands 7 Churches (2-3)
II. 4-5 Throne: Inauguration 7 Seals (6:1-8:1)
The Literary Structure
Introductory Sanctuary Scenes Series of Seven's
I. 1:9-20 Lampstands 7 Churches (2-3)
II. 4-5 Throne: Inauguration 7 Seals (6:1-8:1)
III. 8:2-6 Altar of Incense: Intercession7 Trumpets (8:7-
11:8)
The Literary Structure
Introductory Sanctuary Scenes Series of Seven's
I. 1:9-20 Lampstands 7 Churches (2-3)
II. 4-5 Throne: Inauguration 7 Seals (6:1-8:1)
III. 8:2-6 Altar of Incense: Intercession
7 Trumpets (8:7-11:8)
IV. 11:19 Ark of Covenant: Judgment7 Cosmic Conflict Scenes (12:1-15:4)
The Literary Structure
Introductory Sanctuary Scenes Series of Seven's
I. 1:9-20 Lampstands 7 Churches (2-3)II. 4-5 Throne: Inauguration 7 Seals (6:1-8:1)III. 8:2-6 Altar of Incense: Intercession
7 Trumpets (8:7-11:8)
IV. 11:19 Ark of Covenant: Judgment7 Cosmic Conflict Scenes (12:1-
15:4)V. 15:5-8 Sanctuary Closes Up: Cessation
7 Plagues (16:1-18:24)
The Literary Structure
Introductory Sanctuary Scenes Series of Seven's
I. 1:9-20 Lampstands 7 Churches (2-3)II. 4-5 Throne: Inauguration 7 Seals (6:1-8:1)III. 8:2-6 Altar of Incense: Intercession 7 Trumpets (8:7-
11:8)IV. 11:19 Ark of Covenant: Judgment 7 Cosmic Conflict
Scenes (12:1-15:4)
V. 15:5-8 Sanctuary Closes Up: "De-inauguration" 7 Plagues (16:1- 18:24)
VI. 19:1-10 Doxology from the Sanctuary 7 Scenes in the Windup of the Cosmic Conflict (19:11-20:15)
The Literary Structure
Introductory Sanctuary Scenes Series of Seven's
I. 1:9-20 Lampstands 7 Churches (2-3)II. 4-5 Throne: Inauguration 7 Seals (6:1-8:1)III. 8:2-6 Altar of Incense: Intercession 7 Trumpets (8:7-
11:8)IV. 11:19 Ark of Covenant: Judgment 7 Cosmic Conflict
Scenes (12:1-15:4)
V. 15:5-8 Sanctuary Closes Up: "De-inauguration" 7 Plagues (16:1- 18:24)
VI. 19:1-10 Doxology from the Sanctuary 7 Scenes in the Windup of the Cosmic Conflict (19:11-20:15)
VII. 21:1-8 Tabernacle of God with Humans 7 Part Description of the New Jerusalem (21:9-22:5)
The Literary Structure
• Prologue: Revelation 1:1-8
Introductory Sanctuary Scenes Series of Seven'sI. 1:9-20 Lampstands 7 Churches (2-3)II. 4-5 Throne: Inauguration 7 Seals (6:1-8:1)III. 8:2-6 Altar of Incense: Intercession 7 Trumpets (8:7-
11:8)IV. 11:19 Ark of Covenant: Judgment 7 Cosmic Conflict
Scenes (12:1-15:4)V. 15:5-8 Sanctuary Closes Up: Cessation 7 Plagues (16:1-8:24)VI. 19:1-10 Doxology from the Sanctuary 7 Scenes in the
Windup of the Cosmic Conflict
(19:11-20:15)VII. 21:1-8 Tabernacle of God with Humans 7 Fold Description of
the New Jerusalem (21:9-22:5)
• Epilogue: Revelation 22:6-21
Introductory Sanctuary Scenes
• I. 1:9-20 Lampstands
• II. 4-5 Throne: Inauguration
• III. 8:2-6 Altar of Incense: Intercession
• IV. 11:19 Ark of Covenant: Judgment
• V. 15:5-8 Sanctuary Closes Up: Cessation
• VI. 19:1-10 Doxology from the Sanctuary
• VII. 21:1-8 Tabernacle of God with Humans
Earth-Heaven-Earth Pattern
(1) Rev 1:9-20 Earth
(2) Rev 4 & 5 (Inauguration)
(3) Rev 8:2-6 (Intercession)
(4) Rev 11:19 (Judgment) Heaven
(5) Rev 15:5-8 (Cessation)
(6) Rev 19:1-10 (Absence)
(7) Rev 21:1-8 Earth
The Menorah Pattern
A VERTICAL VIEW
EARTH
HEAVEN
Rev 4:1 Rev 21:3
(1) (7)
(2) (6) (3) (5)
(4)
Patmos New J
Inauguration AbsenceIntercession Cessation
Judgment
The Daily Service (Tamid) in Revelation
Order of Daily Service1) Trim lamps
2) Leave temple door open
3) Slay lamb
4) Pour out blood at base of altar of burnt offering
5) Collect coals and incense in censer
6) Minister incense at golden altar
7) Period of silence
8) Seven trumpets blow
9) Throw down censer
Order in Revelation1) 1:12-20
2) 4:1
3) 5:6
4) 6:9-11
5) 8:3-4
6) 8:3-4
7) 8:1
8) 8:2,6
9) 8:5
The Yearly Service in Revelation
Allusions to Yom Kippur Location in Revelation
1) Measure Sanctuary, Altar, and People (Lev 16:6,11,16-18,
23-24, 32-34)
1) 11:1-2
2) Ark and Judgment 2) 11:18-19
3) Commandments of God Located in Ark
3) 12:17; 14:12
4) Judgment Has Come 4) 14:7
5) Grape Harvest (Fall) 5) 14:14-20
The Daily/Yearly Pattern
First half of Revelation (1-11) modeled on “Daily” service (Tamid)First half of Revelation (1-11) modeled on “Daily” service (Tamid)
Second half of Revelation (12-22) modeled on the yearly service (Yom Kippur)
Second half of Revelation (12-22) modeled on the yearly service (Yom Kippur)
IntercessionIntercession
JudgmentJudgment
The Annual Feasts in Revelation
Passover
● Concentration on Christ’s death and resurrection (1:5,17-18; 3:21)
● Fulfilled by earthly Christ
● Search for leaven
● Meal of Mutual Fellowship (Rev 3:20)
The Annual Feasts in Revelation
Pentecost Pentecost
● Inauguration of heavenly sanctuary occurred at Pentecost
● Inauguration of heavenly sanctuary occurred at Pentecost
● 5:6– Spirit goes out to world ● 5:6– Spirit goes out to world
● First Pentecost at Sinai (Exod 19)● First Pentecost at Sinai (Exod 19)
● Readings for Pentecost = Exod 19; Ezek 1
● Readings for Pentecost = Exod 19; Ezek 1
The Annual Feasts in Revelation
Feast of Trumpets
● Clearest connection with annual feasts
● Seven new moons leading up to feast
The Annual Feasts in Revelation
Day of Atonement
● Sanctuary, ark, commandments, judgment
● Grape Harvest
The Annual Feasts in Revelation
Tabernacles Tabernacles
● Rev 21-22: Yom Kippur is over● Rev 21-22: Yom Kippur is over
● Harvest is over (Rev 14) ● Harvest is over (Rev 14)
● God’s Tabernacle is with us (21:3)● God’s Tabernacle is with us (21:3)
● Feasting, palm branches, music, rejoicing, hallelujahs (cf. Rev 7, 19)
● Feasting, palm branches, music, rejoicing, hallelujahs (cf. Rev 7, 19)
● Water and light ● Water and light
The Seven Sanctuary Scenes and the Annual Hebrew Festivals
Sanctuary Scenes FestivalsI. 1:9-20 PassoverII. 4-5 PentecostIII. 8:2-6 Trumpets
IV. 11:19 Day of Atonement (Beginning)V. 15:5-8 Day of Atonement (Progression)VI. 19:1-10 Day of Atonement (Closure)
VII. 21:1-8 Tabernacles
The Annual Feasts in Revelation
Book of Revelation Moves from Spring to Fall Feasts
Book of Revelation Moves from Spring to Fall Feasts
Trumpets = transition from Spring to FallTrumpets = transition from Spring to Fall
Signals opening of judgment Signals opening of judgment
Yearly service is presented in the 2nd halfYearly service is presented in the 2nd half
First half of book = Christian age First half of book = Christian age
Second half of book = End -Time Second half of book = End -Time
Patterns: Earth/Heaven and Holy Place /Most Holy Place
• 1:9-20 (1) Earth—focus on earthly work of Christ (combined with Holy Place imagery)
• 4-5 (2) Inauguration of heavenly sanctuary — (thorough mix of sanctuary imagery but Holy Place focus)
• 8:2-6 (3) Intercession in heavenly sanctuary—(Holy Place)
• 11:19 (4) Judgment in heavenly sanctuary (Most Holy Place)• 15:5-8 (5) Cessation of heavenly sanctuary ministry
• 19:1-10 (6) Doxology in heaven—(absence of explicit heavenly sanctuary imagery)
• 21:1-8 (7) Back to Earth—"Tabernacle of God is with men."
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