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SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY BALAGHAT (M.P.)
SYLLABUS
Ph. D. Entrance Test (Academic Session 2018-19)
The Question paper of the Entrance test will have two sections A and B, each
consisting of 50 objective type compulsory questions. The section A will represent a
component of “Research Methodology” whereas section B shall be “Subject
Specific”. Each question will carry one mark.
(i) There will be no negative marks
(ii)The duration of the Entrance test will be Two hours.
(iii)The candidate must score minimum 50% marks in the Entrance test to qualify for
the interview.
(Time 2 Hours) PART –A & B (Max Marks 100)
PART –A
Research Methodology (common to all discipline)
Unit 1
Basic Concept of research: Rationale of research, Research Problem, Research Objectives, Types of
Research Fundamental, Applied, Action Quantitative/Qualitative and other types of research
Unit 2
Literature Survey/ Review: Primary Sources Secondary Sources Searching e-resources: Using search
engines, searching databases Authenticity of e-resources Writing Literature Review
Unit 3
Research Problem: Identification of research problem Defining research problem
Unit 4
Research Methodology: Types of research methods: Survey method Experimental method (variables,
designs) Historical method Content Analysis Hypotheses: Meaning Types of Hypotheses Formulation of
Hypothesis
Unit 5
Sampling: Concepts of population, sample Sampling Techniques Probability Sampling techniques Non-
Probability Sampling techniques
Unit 6
Data Collection methods, tools and techniques: Primary Data Collection Secondary Data Collection
e.g. Questionnaire, interview schedule, focus groups etc.)
Unit 7
Data analysis techniques: statistical analysis techniques, qualitative analysis techniques, Hypothesis
Testing etc.
Unit 8
Report Writing/ Documentation: Title, Subtitle, Formatting etc. Citation References Bibliography
Unit9
Research Ethics: Environmental impacts, Ethical issues, ethical committees, Commercialization – Copy
right, royalty - Intellectual property rights and patent law, Reproduction of published material, Plagiarism
- Citation and acknowledgement, Reproducibility and accountability.
Unit 10
E Resources in Research: Use of Internet in Research – E Journal, E Library, INFLIBNET.
PART-B
1. CHEMISTRY
Unit 1
Inorganic Chemistry : Chemical periodicity, Structure and bonding in homo- and heteronuclear
molecules (VSEPR) , Concepts of acids and bases, Main group elements and their compounds,Transition
elements and coordination compounds, Organometallic compounds: synthesis, bonding and structure, and
reactivity. applications. Analytical chemistry- Chromatography, Spectroscopic, Electro-analytical
techniques ,Bioinorganic chemistry ,Nuclear chemistry
Unit 2
Physical Chemistry: Atomic Structure ,Basic principles of quantum mechanics: Postulates; operators ,
Chemical bonding in diatomics, Chemical applications of group theory Molecular spectroscopy: IR and
Raman and its application., Chemical thermodynamics , Physical Photochemistry , Electrochemistry ,
Chemical kinetics , Colloids and surfaces. , Solid state: Crystal structures; Bragg’s law and applications;
band structure of solids.
Unit 3
Organic Chemistry : IUPAC nomenclature of organic molecules, Stereochemistry: Nomenclature
,Aromaticity: Aromatic, Non-aromatic, Antiaromatic. ,Organic reactive intermediates. ,Organic reaction
mechanisms: addition, elimination and substitution reactions with electrophilic, nucleophilic or radical
species. ,Common named reactions and rearrangements. ,Organic transformations and reagents: oxidizing
and reducing agents. ,Pericyclic reactions – electrocyclisation, cycloaddition, sigmatropic
rearrangements. ,Chemistry of Biomacromolecules: Carbohydrates, proteins, fatty acids, nucleic acids,
Organic Spectroscopy: IR, UV-Vis, 1H &13C NMR and Mass spectroscopic techniques.
Unit 4
Interdisciplinary topics : Chemistry in nanoscience, Green chemistry and Environmental chemistry
,Medicinal chemistry.
2. PHYSICS
Unit 1
Mathematical Methods of Physics:Dimensional analysis, Vector algebra and vector calculus. Linear
algebra, matrices, Cayley-Hamilton Theorem Eigen values and eigenvectors. Linear ordinary differential
equations of first & second order, Special functions (Hermite, Bessel, Laguerre and Legendre function).
Fourier series and Laplace transforms. Elements of complex analysis, analytical functions, Taylor &
Laurent series, poles, residues and evaluation of integrals. Elementary probability theory random
variables, binomial. Poisson and normal distributions. Central limit theorem.
Unit 2
Classical Mechanics: Newton’s laws, Dynamical systems, Phase space dynamics, stability analysis,
Central force motions. Two body Collisions –Scattering in laboratory and Centre of mass frames. Rigid
body dynamics moment of inertia tensor. Non- inertial frames and pseudo forces. Variational principle.
Generalized coordinates, Largrangian and Hamiltonian formalism and equations of motion. Conservation
Laws and cyclic coordinates. Periodic motion : small oscillations, normal modes. Special theory of
relativity Lorentz transformations, relativistic kinematics and energy equivalence.
Unit 3
Electromagnetic Theory: Electromagnetics Gauss’s law and its applications Laplace and Poission
equations, boundary value problems. Magnetostatics: Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s theorem.
Electromagnetic induction. Maxwell’s equations in free space and linear isotropic media: boundary
conditions on the fields at interfaces. Scalar and vector potentials,gauge invariance. Electromagnetic
waves in free space. Dielectrics and conductors. Reflection and refraction, polarization, Fresnel’s law,
interference, coherence, and diffraction. Dynamics of charged particles in static and uniform
electromagnetic fields.
Unit 4
Quantum MechanicsWave–particle duality. Schrodinger equation (time-dependent and time –
independent). Eigen value problems (Particle in a box. harmonic oscillator, etc)Tunneling through a
barrier. Wave-function in coordinate and momentum representations. Commutators and Heisenberg
uncertainty principle. Dirac notation for state vectors. Motion in a central potential: orbital angular
momentum, angular momentum algebra, spin, addition of angular moment: Hydrogen atom, Stern.
Gerlach experiment. Time independent perturbation theory and applications. Variational method. Time
dependent perturbation theory and Fermi’s golden rule, selection rules, Identical particles, Pauli
exclusion principle, spin–statistics connection.
Unit 5
Thermodynamic and Statistical Physics: Laws of thermodynamics and their consequences.
Thermodynamic potentials. Maxwell relations, chemical potential, phase equilibria, phase space, micro –
and macro-states. Micro-canonical, canonical and noise reduction, shielding and grounding. Fourier
transforms, lock–in detector, box–car integrator, modulation techniques.
Unit 6
Electronics and Experimental Methods: Semiconductor devices (diodes, junctions, transistors, field
effect devices, homo-and hetero-junction devices), devices structure, devices characteristics, frequency
dependence and applications, Opto-electronic devices (solar cell, photo detector, LEDs).Operational
amplifier and their application. Digital techniques and applications (registers, counters, comparators and
similar circuits).A/D and D/A converters, Microprocessor and Microcontroller basics.
Data Interpretation and analysis. Precision and accuracy. Error analysis, propagation of errors. Least
squares fitting, Linear and non linear curve fitting, Chi-square test, Transducers (temperature,
pressure/vacuum, magnetic fields, vibration, optical and particle detectors). Measurement and control
Signal conditioning and
recovery. Impedance matching, amplification (op-amp based, instrumentation amp, feedback).filtering
and noise reduction, Shielding and grounding. Fourier transforms, Lock-in detector, box–car integrator,
modulation techniques, High frequency devices (including generators and detectors).
Unit 7
Atomic & Molecular Physics:Quantum states of an electron in an atom. Electron spin. Spectrum of
helium and alkali atom. Relativistic corrections for energy levels of hydrogen atom, hyperfine structure
and isotopic shift, width of spectrum lines. LS & JJ couplings. Zeeman, Paschen-Bach & Stark effects.
Electron spin resonance. Nuclear magnetic resonance, chemical shift. Frank-Condon principle. Born-
Oppenheimer approximation. Electronic, rotational, vibrational and Raman spectra of diatomic molecules,
selection rules. Lasers spontaneous and stimulated emission, Einstein A &
B coefficients. Optical pumping, Population inversion, rate equation. Modes of resonators and coherence length.
Unit 8
Condensed Matter Physics:Bravais lattices, Reciprocal lattice, Diffraction and the structure factor.
Bonding of solids. Elastic properties, phonos, lattice specific heat. Free Electron Theory and Electronic
specific heat. Response and relaxation phenomena. Drudge mode of electrical and thermal conductivity.
Hall effect and thermoelectric power. Electron motion in a periodic potential, band theory of solids,
Matter, Insulators and semiconductors, Superconductivity, type–I and type- II superconductors.
Josephson junctions. Superfluidity, Defects of dislocation. Ordered Phases of matter: translational and
orientational order, Kinds of liquid crystalline order, Quasi crystals.
Unit 9
Nuclear and Particle Physics: Basic nuclear properties: size, shape and charge distribution, spin and
parity. Binding energy, semi empirical mass formula, liquid drop model. Nature of the nuclear force, form
of nucleon –nucleon potential, charge –independence and charge–symmetry of nuclear forces. Deutron
problem. Evidence of shell structure, single-particle shell model, Its validity and limitations. Rotational
spectra. Elementary ideas of alpha, beta and gamma decays and their selection rules. Fission and fusion.
Nuclear reactions, reactions mechanism, compound nuclei and direct reactions.
Classification of fundamental forces. Elementary particles and their quantum numbers (charge, spin parity, isospin, strangeness, etc,) Gellemann- Nishijima formula. Quark model, baryons and mesons. C,P, and T invariance. Application of symmetry arguments to particle reactions. Parity non-conservation in
weak interaction. Relativistic kinematics.
3. MATHEMATICS
Unit 1
Real Analysis: Sequences and series of functions, uniform convergence, power series, functions of
several variables, maxima, minima; Riemann integration, multiple integrals, theorems of Green, Stokes
and Gauss; metric spaces.
Unit 2
Functional Analysis: Banach spaces, Hahn-Banach extension theorem, open mapping and closed graph
theorems.
Unit 3
Complex Analysis: Contour integral, Cauchy’s theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula, Liouville’s theorem,
Maximum modulus principle, Schwarz lemma, Open mapping theorem,Calculus of residues. Conformal
mappings, Mobius transformations.
Unit 4
Algebra: Groups, subgroups, normal subgroups, quotient groups, homomorphisms, cyclic groups,
permutation groups, Sylow theorems.
Unit 5
Linear Algebra: Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, Cayley-Hamilton theorem. Matrix representation of
linear transformations. Inner product spaces, orthonormal basis. Reduction and classification of quadratic
forms.
Unit 6
Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs): Existence and uniqueness of solutions of initial value
problems for first order ordinary differential equations, singular solutions of first order ODEs, system of
first order ODEs. ODEs of higher orders.
Unit 7
Partial Differential Equations: Lagrange and Charpit methods for solving first order PDEs, Cauchy
problem for first order PDEs. Classification of second order PDEs, General solution of higher order PDEs
with constant coefficients.
Unit 8
Numerical Analysis : Finite differences, Lagrange, Hermite and spline interpolation, Numerical
differentiation and integration, Numerical solutions of ODEs using modified Euler and Runge-Kutta
methods.
Unit 9
Calculus of Variations: Variation of a functional, Euler-Lagrange equation, Necessary and sufficient
conditions for extrema. Variational methods for boundary value problems in ordinaryand partial
differential equations.
Unit 10
Linear Integral Equations: Fredholm and Volterra integral equation, Solutions withseparable kernels.
Characteristic numbers andEigenfunctions, resolvent kernel.
Unit 11
Differential Geometry: Space curves-their curvature and torsion; Serret-Frenet Formula; Fundamental
theorem of space curves; Curves on surfaces; First and second fundamental form; Gaussian curvatures;
Principal directions and principal curvatures.
Unit 12
Fluid Mechanics: Equation of continuity in fluid motion; Euler’s equations of motion for perfect fluids;
Two dimensional motion complex potential; vorticity.
Unit 13
Linear programming: Infeasible and unbounded LPP’s, alternate optima; Dual problem and duality
theorems, dual simplex method and its application in post optimality analysis; u -v method for solving
transportation problems; Hungarian method for solving assignment problems.
4. MANAGEMENT STUDIES
Unit 1
Organisational behavior: The concept and significance of organisational behaviour – Skills and
Roles in an organisation – Classical, Neo – Classical and Modern Theories of Organisational
Structure – Organisational Design – Understanding and Managing individual behaviour personality –
Perception – Values – Attitudes – Learning – Motivation.
Unit 2
Human Resource Management: Concepts and perspectives in HRM; HRM in changing
environment, Human Resource Planning – Objectives, Process and Techniques, Job analysis – Job
Description, Selecting Human Resources. Induction, Training and Development. Exit policy
3: Financial Management Nature and Scope, Valuation Concepts and Valuation of Securities,
Capital Budgeting Decisions – Risk Analysis, Capital Structure and Cost of Capital, Dividend Policy
–Determinants, Long – Term and Short – Term Financing Instruments, Mergers and Acquisitions.
4: Marketing Management Marketing Environment and Environment Scanning; Marketing
Information Systems and Marketing Research; Understanding Consumer and Industrial Markets;
Demand Measurement and Forecasting; Market Segmentation – Targeting and Positioning; Product
Decisions, Product mix, Product Life Cycle; New Product Development; Branding and Packaging;
Pricing Methods and Strategies. Promotion Decisions – Promotion mix; Advertising; Personal
Selling; Channel Management. Customer Relation Management; Uses of Internet as a Marketing
Medium – Other related issues like branding, market development, Advertising and retailing on the
net. New issues in Marketing.
5: Quantitative methods & Techniques Overview of Statistics, Classifying Data to convey
meaning, Measures of Central Tendency –
Mean, Median & Mode, Measures of Variation – Range, Average Deviation, Standard Deviation,
Probability Theory; Probability distributions – Binomial, Poisson, Normal and Exponential;
Correlation and Regression analysis; Sampling theory; Sampling distributions; Tests of Hypothesis;
Large and small samples; t z, F, Chi – square tests.
5. COMMERCE
Unit 1
Business Environment: Second Generation reforms, Privatization and Globalization, Planning Policy,
Meaning and definition of Business Environment, Liberalization, Legal Environment of Business in
India, Industrial Policy, Industrial Growth and Structural Changes, Environment protection, Economic
Policy, Economic Environment, Consumer Protection, Competition Policy
Unit 2
Financial and Management Accounting: Valuation of Shares, Responsibility Accounting, Ratio
Analysis, Partnership Accounts, Liquidation, Financial Statements, Cost and Management Accounting,
Capital and Revenue, Basic Accounting Concept, Advanced Company Accounts
Unit 3
Business Economics: Utility analysis, Price determination in different Market Situations, Nature and
Uses of Business Economics, Laws of Variable Proportion, Laws of Returns, Elasticity of Demand,
Demand Analysis, Concept of Profit and Wealth Maximization
Unit 4
Business Statistics and Data Processing: Sampling Errors, Data types, Data Processing, Data Collection
and Analysis, Correlation and Regression, Computer Application to Functional Areas, Analysis and
Interpretation of data
Unit 5
Business Management: Staffing, Principles of Management, Planning Process, Organizational Culture
and Structure, Organising, Leadership and Control, Decision Making, Business Ethics and Corporate
Governance
Unit 6
Marketing Management: Product decision, “Pricing, Distribution and Promotion”, Marketing Planning,
Marketing Mix, Marketing Environment, Evolution of Marketing, Concepts of Marketing
Unit 7
Financial Management: Working Capital Management, Financial and Operating Leverage, Dividend
Policy, Cost of capital; Capital Budgeting, Capital Structure
Unit 8
Human Resource Management: Training and Development, Succession Planning, Role and Functions
of HRM, Recruitment and Selection, Performance Appraisal, Industrial Relations, HR Planning,
Compensation
Unit 9
Banking and Financial Institution: Reserve Bank of India, NABARD and Rural Banking, Importance
of Banking to Business, Types of Banks, E Banking, Development Banking, Banking Sector Reforms in
India
6. SOCIOLOGY
Unit 1 Classical Sociological Theory: The socio-historical and intellectual background of Sociology; August
Comte (Sociology ─ Positivism ─ social evolution); Karl Marx (historical and dialectical materialism ─
class conflict ─ capital ─ base and super structure); Emile Durkheim (social Fact ─ methodology ─ social
solidarity ─ social change ─ religion and society); Max Weber (social Action─ methodology─ authority
─ class, status and power ─ religion and economy)
Unit 2
Modern Sociological Theory: Conflict Theory and Neo-Marxism (Lewis Coser ─ Ralf Dahrendorf ─
Antonio Gramsci ─ Louis Althusser ─ Habermas) Functionalism and Neo-Functionalism (Talcott
Parsons─ Robert Merton ─Jefferey Alexander) Interpretative Sociology (G.H. Mead ─ Harold Garfinkel
─ Erving Goffman ─ Alfred Schutz ─ Peter Berger ─ Luckmann)
Unit 3
Social Research Method: Meaning and nature (social phenomena ─ scientific enquiry ─ objectivity and
subjectivity ─ fact and value); Quantitative methods (survey ─ research design ─ hypothesis ─ sampling
, techniques of data collection: observation, questionnaire and interview); Qualitative methods
(participant observation ─ case study ─ content analysis ─ oral history ─ life history); Statistical tools
(measures of central tendency─ measures of dispersion ─ correlation ─ test of significance ─ reliability
and validity).
Unit 4
Sociology of India: Approaches to the Study of Indian Society (Indology ─ Civilizational ─ Functional ─
Marxist ─ Subaltern); People of India (groups and communities─ unity and diversity ─ pluralism); Caste
structure and change (Tribe and Caste─ forms of caste ─ caste and social institutions ─ changes in caste
system); Rural social structure (village community ─ change in village community); Family, kinship and
marriage; Religion in India (ideology ─ organization ─ religious movement)
Unit 5
Social Stratification: Theories of social stratification (social class ─ class, status, and party ─ cultural
stratification); Issues in stratification (difference ─ hierarchy ─ equality and inequality); Forms of
stratification (caste ─ class ─ gender ─ ethnic); Stratification and social mobility in India.
Unit 6
Economy and Society: Theories on economic social relationship; Features of industrial society (factory
system ─ division of labor─ bureaucracy ─ rationality─ production relations ─ surplus value ─
alienation); Relationships (labor ─ management ─ conciliation ─ adjudication ─ arbitration─ collective
bargaining ─ trade unions ─ Joint management councils ─ quality circles); Agriculture, Industry and
service sectors; Industrialization and social change in India; Industrial planning.
Unit 7
Political Sociology: Approaches to the study of politics; Concepts (power and authority ─ consensus and
conflict─ elites and masses─ state and stateless societies); Local, everyday power and wider political
system; State and society under capitalism; Citizenship and the welfare state; sovereignty and institutional
autonomy; state and society in India; Civil society and social mobilization.
Unit 8
Sociology of Development: Conceptual perspectives (economic─ human ─ social ─ sustainable ─
ecological notions of development); Theories of underdevelopment (Max Weber ─ Gunnar Myrdal ─
Frank ─ Samir Amin ─ Wallerstein); Paths of development (modernization ─ globalization ─Socialist ─
Mixed ─ Gandhian); Social structure and development; Culture and development
Unit 9
Family, Kinship and Marriage: Theories; family (types ─ characteristics) kinship (incest taboo ─ honor
─ descent, residence and inheritance); Marriage patterns (exchange ─ alliance ─ bride-wealth ─ dowry ─
social reproduction ─ monogamy ─ plural marriages); Culture, law and economy; Indian case.
7. ENGLISH
Unit 1
British Literature from 14th century to 20th century (25 marks) [Chaucerian Age – Elizabethan Age –
Puritan Era – Metaphysical Poets – Restoration Age – Augustan Age – Pre Romantic & Romantic Ages –
Victorian Age – Twentieth century – 1950s onwards]
Unit 2
American & Non-British Literature (20 marks) [Introduction – New Poetry – American Literature –
Indian Writings in English (Pre-Independence Era) – Indian Writings in English (Modern Writings,
Partition Literature, Dalit Literature, Feminist Writings, Diasporic Writings, North East Indian Literature,
Literatures in Translation) – Commonwealth Literature]
Unit 3
Contemporary Literature (10 marks) (Familiarity with contemporary writers, their works, literary award
winners, new movements in literature)
Unit 4
Literary Theory and Criticism (15 marks) (Classical Age – Renaissance, 17th & 18th Centuries –
Romantic Age – British Liberal Humanists & New Criticism – Structuralism, Post Structuralism &
Deconstruction – Postmodernism – Feminism – Marxism - Postcolonialism Theories)
Unit 5
English Language Teaching (Language related theories – Methods – Approaches – Techniques) Refer
Geetha Nagaraj’s English Language Teaching: Approaches, Methods, Techiques.• Published by Orient
Longman Pvt. Ltd, 2008 (2nd edition). Unit 6: Grammar and Vocabulary.
8. HISTORY
A. General Awareness – Questions will be on issues pertaining to social, economic, political
developments in India in general
B. History as a subject focusing on the following:
1. Historiography
i. Objectivity and Interpretation
ii. Ancient Indian Historiography
iii. Medieval Indian Historiography
iv. Modern Indian Historiography
v. Subaltern studies
2. Ancient India
i. Indus Valley Civilization
ii. Polity in Ancient India
iii. Economy in Ancient India
iv. Social Systems
v. Religious Traditions
3. Medieval India
i. Indian Feudalism
ii. Society & Economy
iii. Polity in Medieval India
iv. Bhakti & Sufi Movements
v. 18th Cent. Debate
4. Modern India
i. Revolt of 1857
ii. National Movement
iii. Economic Impact of Colonial Rule
iv. Social and Intellectual Reform Movements
v. Gandhi and Gandhian Ideology
9.EDUCATION
Objectives : To enable the students to
• Relate philosophy and education
• Explain different sociological theories and its educational significance
• Explain the theories of education as social institution
• Apply theories of learning in classroom situation
• Suggest application of theories for personality development
• Understand the importance, concept, need and components of teacher effectiveness
• Identify strategies for enhancing teacher effectiveness
• Explain the concept of curriculum and process of curriculum development
• Apply models in the development of curriculum.
• Evaluate the curriculum on the basis of appropriate model
• Explain the concept & nature of research in education
• Explain the terms associated with research
• Apply appropriate methods of research in education
• Explain, construct & administer the tools & techniques of data collection
• Select sample by proper sampling methods
• Explain & Select appropriate technique of data analysis to test the hypothesis
• Apply the knowledge of report writing
Unit 1 Module 1: Philosophical Perspectives of Education: Modern concept of Philosophy : Logical Analysis, Logical Empiricism and Positive relativism Epistemology and Education : Nature and types of knowledge, Methods of acquiring valid knowledge with special reference to Analytical Philosophy, Dialectic approach, Scientific inquiry, Nyaya , Yoga Axiology and Education : Concept of Value, Relativity of values Indian schools of thoughts : Vedic, Buddhist, and Islamic period Western schools of thoughts : Humanism, Existentialism, Essentialism, Progressivism
Unit 2 Module 2: Sociological perspective of Education :
Theoretical perspectives to study society : i) Functional ii) Conflict iii) Symbolic
interactionism and its significance to education. Concept of Modernization : individual and social modernity, Role of education in modernization Post modernism and its educational implication. Views of Jean François Lyotard, Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida on post modernism, Gender ideology in Society : Meaning, Role of religion, constitution and law in gender ideology Gender differentiation, gender stereotyping gender inequality in the society Women empowerment: concept, aspects of empowerment, Role of education in empowerment - Multicultural education, Media awareness, RTE-2009.
Unit 3 Module 3: Reflecting on Teaching Learning Process – Learning styles : Kolb’s Learning style, Honey & Mumford’s learning styles Metacognition : Meaning, Difference between cognition and metacognition Models of metacognition by Falvell’s and Brown’s.
Theories of Learning:
a. Ausubel’s meaningful verbal learning theory: Concept of cognitive structure, Types of learning, educational implication
b. Hebb’s neurophysiological theory of learning c. Roger’s theory of experiential learning
Theories of Teaching : Formal theory, Descriptive theory and Normative theory; Difference between theories of learning and theories of teaching
a. Carroll’s model of Mastery Learning – need, assumptions, components, and implications b. Slavin’s QAIT model and its educational implication c. Bruner’s theory of Instruction: Four guiding principles of instruction
Implications of brain research in teaching - Concept and need of inclusion; teaching techniques for inclusive Classrooms.
Unit 4 Module 4: Personality and Adjustment Personality theories
a. Freud’s psychoanalytic theory and defense mechanism
b. Big 5 model of personality
c. Roger’s humanistic theory with specific reference to REBT
d. Jung’s theory with specific reference to MBT
Unit 5 Module 5: Reflecting on Teacher Education - National Curriculum Framework (NCFTE) -2009 as
given by National Council of Teacher Education (NCTE) .
Issues, concerns and problems of teacher education .
Difference between andragogy and pedagogy .
Reflective models and practices in teacher education . Concept and characteristics of a profession . Professional ethics and code of conduct for teachers and teacher educators Present status of teaching profession and enhancing the social status of teaching profession
Unit 6 Module 6: Professionalising Teacher Education - Strategies for professional development of
teachers through workshops, seminars, symposiums, panel discussions, conferences, self study, study groups and study circles, book clubs, extension lectures, research colloquium, refresher courses, orientation programmes . Concept, need and components of teacher effectiveness. Strategies for enhancing teacher effectiveness . Current trends and procedures in evaluating teacher effectiveness . Use of sign system, category system, portfolio assessment, academic performance indicators in teacher effectiveness .
Unit 7 Module 7: Curriculum Development - Understanding curriculum as a ( body of knowledge to be transmitted,, product, process, praxis.) . Elements and principles of curriculum development . Models of Curiculum development. a. Hunkin’s Decision- Making model b. Weinstein and Fantini model c. Fink’s model of integrated course design
Unit 8 Module 8: Curriculum Implementation and evaluation – Factors influencing effective curriculum implementation . Criteria for selecting learning opportunities . ICT as a mode of curricular transaction with their strengths and limitation : Computer based learning . Online learning Blended learning . Models of curriculum implementation a. ORC mode l(overcoming resistance to change) b. Linkage model Models of curriculum evaluation a. Tyler’s Goal attainment model. b. Stufflebeam’s CIPP model c. Scriven’s Goal free model d. Kirkpatrick’s 4 level model
Unit 9
Module 9: Concept and nature of research in education Content: - Nature of knowledge, different methods of acquiring knowledge, scientific inquiry, concept of research . Introduction to research in education: Meaning & definitions, Characteristics, Need, Areas. Importance of review of related literature & research Recording of the references, notes taking, use of cards Online, offline references . Different terms : Objectives, Assumptions, Hypothesis-types & characteristics, Variables- types & control, Operational definitions, Limitations & Delimitations Types of Research: Fundamental, Applied, Action . Approaches to research : Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed method . Meaning, Difference and Steps involved . Ethical consideration in research .
Unit 10
Module 10: Research methods
Content : -
Research Methods ( Steps, methods/designs , strengths and weaknesses)
a. Historical b. Descriptive c. Experimental
Unit 11
Module 11: Data collection procedures
Content :
Techniques of data collection : Observation, Interview, projective & sociometric . Tools of data collection : Achievement test, intelligence test, check list, rating scale, anecdotal records, attitude test, Aptitude test, Personality test Questionnaire . Merits & limitations . Reliability & validity of tools & techniques : meaning , types of validity and reliability Sampling : Sample & population – Meaning , Need , sampling error , determining sample size . Probability sampling methods (random—simple, systematic, cluster, stratified, multistage, quota) . Non probability sampling methods (incidental, purposive) .
Unit 12
Module 12: Data analysis & report writing Content: - Types of data Analysis: i) Qualitative ii) Quantitative
I. Quantitative data Analysis
1. Descriptive analysis :
a. Different scales (nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio)
b. Uses of graphs in the analysis of data,
c. Measures of Central tendency (concept & uses)
d. Measures of variability (concept & uses)
e. Correlation-meaning & uses in research
2. Inferential Analysis-
I) Quantitative Analysis
Levels of significance, Degree of freedom, Type I & Type II error, Standard error of mean One tailed &
two tailed test Power of Statistical test and effect size
Parametric tests — T test, analysis of variance, co-variance
Non Parametric tests - Mann Whitney U test, Chi square test, sign test, median test .
II)Qualitative Data Analysis
Data reduction and Classification
Analytical Induction
Constant Comparison .
Report Writing - format, style, content & chapterization References, appendices Characteristics of a
good research report
Module number Weightage in term of marks
Module 1 & 2 20 marks
Module 3 & 4 20 marks
Module 5 & 6 10 marks
Module 7 & 8 20 marks
Module 9 to 12 30 marks
References :
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• Kerlinger, FN (1986) Foundations of Behavioural Research Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Bmce Jovanovich .
• Kirkapatrick, DL (2005) Evaluating training Programmes: The four Levels San Francisco: Brrett-Kochler .
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• McKernan, James (2007): Curriculum and Imagination: Process, Theory, Pedagogy and Action Research.Routledge. U.K.
• Naik, JP (1975) Equality, quality and quantity: The elusive triangle of Indian education, Allied Publications, Bombay
• NCTE (1998): Policy Perspectives in Teacher Education. New Delhi
• Caggart, G.L. (2005): Promoting Reflective Thinking in Teachers. Crowin Press.
• NCERT (2005). National Curriculum Framework-2005, NCERT, Sri Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi.
• Wiles, J.W. & Joseph Bondi (2006): Curriculum Development: A Guide to Practice. Pearson Publication
• Palmer, Joy A, (2001) Fifty Modern thinkers on education: From Piaget to the present Day Routledge Flamer London USA Canada
• Peters, RS (ed), (1975) The Philosophy of education Oxford University Press, London
• Piaget, J (1999) Judgment and reasoning in the child London: Routledge . • Patton MQ (2002) Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods Thousand Oaks: CA: Sage
• Segal, JW Chipman, SF, & Glaser, R (1985) Thinking and learning skills: Relating Instruction to Basic Research (Vol I) Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
• Synder, CR & Shane J Lopez (2007) Positive psychology SAGE Publications UK .
• Vygostsky L (1986) Thought and language (A Kazulin, Trans) Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
• Wiles, J.W. & Joseph Bondi (2006): Curriculum Development: A Guide to Practice. Pearson Publication
10. POLITICAL SCIENCE
For Subject specific Test
Sr. No. Course Title
1 Political Theory
2 Political Philosophy
3 Administrative Theory
4 Issues in Administration
5 Theoretical Aspects of International Politics
6 Issues in World Politics
7 Theoretical Aspects of Comparative Politics
8 Issues in Comparative Politics
For Research Aptitude Test
Course No. Course Title
1 Research Methods for Political Enquiry
Course Content :
Course1 : Political Theory
Units:
1. Nature and Significance of Political Theory
2. Importance and Limitations of the Classical Tradition
3. Modern Approaches: Behaviouralism, Post-behaviouralism and Marxism
4. Civil Society and the State
5. Citizenship & Nation
Course 2: Political Philosophy
Units:
1. Grounds of Political Obligation
2. Political Disobedience and Resistance
3. Democracy, Liberty and Rights
4. Equality and Justice
5. Recent trends: Post Modernism & Feminism
Course 3: Administrative Theory
Units:
1. The Study of Administration: Its Nature and Development
2. Ecological, Decision-Making and Political Economy Approaches
3. Development Administration
4. Bureaucracy and Society: Weberian, Marxist and Feminist Perspectives
5. Public Policy: Theories and Processes
Course 4: Issues in Administration
Units:
1. Administration and Politics: Civil Service Neutrality and Integrity
2. Economic Administration in a Planned Economy and Free Market Economy
3. Administrative Ethics and Accountability
4. Governance: Issues and Challenges
5. Recent Trends: Modernisation of Administration, Partnership with Industry, Non – Governmental
Organisations (NGOs), Disaster Management
Course 5: Theoretical Aspects of International Politics Units: 1. The Study of International Politics: Its Nature and Scope
2. Major Approaches: Realism, Idealism, Systems Theory, Marxism and Feminism
3. The Concept of National Power: Its Constituents and Limitations
4. The Management of Power: Balance of Power and Collective Security
5. The Concept of Non-alignment: Bases, Role and Relevance
Course 6: Issues in World Politics
Units:
1. Foreign Policy and Diplomacy
2. War, Arms Race and Disarmament
3. International Law and Organisation: Achievements, Limitations and Prospects.
4. Regional Organisations: Patterns, Role and Importance
5. Contemporary Challenges: Terrorism, Human Rights, Globalisation and Clash of Civilisations
Course 7: Theoretical Aspects of Comparative Politics
Units:
1. The Study of Comparative Politics: Its Nature and Development
2. Systems and Structural-Functionalist Approaches
3. Marxist and Feminist Approaches
4. Strategies for Comparison
5. Typology of Political Systems
Course 8: Issues in Comparative Politics
Units:
1. Political Culture and Socialisation
2. Political Elites and Classes
3. Political Parties and Elections
4. Interest Groups and People’s Movements
5. Political Development and Revolution
11. HINDI
Unit -1, Hindi Sahitya ka Itihas Aadikal, madhaykal, aadhunik kal---paristhitiyan, pravritiyan,
pramukha kavi, lekhak aur kritiyan.
Unit-2, Hindi Bhasha ka Itihas Sansar ki bhashaonka vargikarn, Hindi bhasha ka udbhav aur vikas,
bhasha ke vibhinna roop, Hindi bhasha ki boliyaan, shab bhandar, lipi ka udbhav au rvikas, bhasha
ki pravritiyaan, bhasha parivartanke karan, bahsha vigyan hai ya kala, bhasha ke ang, dhwani
vigyan, shabda vigyan, artha vigya, vakya,
Unit-3, Bharateeya Kavya Shastra Kavya ke lakshan,kavya ki aatma, kavya hetu aur prayojan, kavya
gun aur dosha, kavya sampraday ( alankar, ras, riiti, vakrokti,auchitya, dhwani) shabda shakati,
kavya ke bhed, mahakavya, Natak.
Unit-4, Paschatya Kavya Shastra Plato ke kekavya sambhandhi Vichar, arstu aur Unake kavya
sidhant,Lojjhainus ke kavya Sidhant, Hores, T.S. Eliot, I.A. Richards, Croche, Coleridge, Myathu
Ornold, Kala kala ke liye, Swachandatavaad, Yathartha Vaad.
Unit.5, Hindi Sahitya ki Gadhya Vidhayen Hindi Kahani - Beesavii Sadi ki kahani aur Pramukha
kahani Aandolan, Hindi ke Pramukha Kahanikar aur unaki Charchit khaniyan, Premchand,Prasad,
Jainedra,Yashapal, Agney,Kamleshwar, BHisham Sahani, Mannu Bhandari, Usha Priyamvada,
Mrudila Garg. Hindi Upanyas - Premchand Purv yug, Premchand Yug,Premchandottar yug ke
pramukha upanyaskar,Jainedra,Agney, hajariprasad Dwivedi, Yashapal, Amritlal Nagar,
Phanoshwarnatha Renu. Hindi Natak – Hindi ke Pramukha Natakkar aur unake Natak, Hindi
Nibandha - Hindi ke pramukha Nibandhakar- Ramchandra Shukala, Hajari Prasad Dwivedi,
Vidyanivas Mishara, Vishanu Prabhakar.
Unit-6, Vishesh kavi,Lekhak aur unaki Kritiyaan. Kabirdas - kabir Grabthavali,kabi
kibhakati,darshnikata, rahasyavaad,kabit ki samajik chetana, ulatbaasiyaan, Tulasidas -Ramcharit
Manas, bhakati, Loknayakatava, Samnwayavaad, Darshnikata, Tulasi ke Ram, Ramrajya ki
parikalpana, Surdas - Bhramargeet, Bhramar Geet Parampara, Sur ki bhakati Kavya Kala,
vagvidagata, Darshanikata, Bihari — Satsai, satsai parampar, srigarikata, kavya kala, bhasha shaili,
Mukatakakar Bihari, Bhakati, niiti. Prasad- Kamayani, Mahakavyatav, roopkatava, Pratikatmakata,
Manovigyanikata, shaivadarshan,aandavaad, Nirala - Rag-Virag, Vidrohi kavi Nirala, Pragatishilata,
Yathartha, Bhasha, shok geet, kavya chetana Naresha Mehata - sanshaya ki Ek raat, Mhaprasthan,
Pravaad Parva- Mithakiyata, Yudha aur shanti, khand kavya, aadhunikata,kendriya vichar dhara,
bhashagat adhyayan
Unit-7 , Hindi Patrakarita Patrakarita- artha paribhasha aur swaroop,patrakarita ke vividha roop,
bharat mein patrakarita ki prishthabhumi, Hindi patrakarita ke udhabhav aur vikas, Hindi ke
pramukha patrakar aur patrikayen, sampadan kala, sampadak ke gun aur yogyataayen, sampadakiya,
shiirshak,samachar samitiyaan, prishtha sajja, aamukha, vigyapan, cartoon, suchana praudhyagiki
aur Hindi patrakarita, karnatak ki Hindi patrakarita
Unit 8, Prayojanmulak Hindi Prayojanmualak Hindi se abhipraya aur usaki parivyapti,
prayojanmulak Hindi ki prayuktiyan aur usake prayogatmak kshetra. Rajabhasha Hindi ka vikas,
bharteeya samvidhan aur Hidni, Rajbhasha aayog 1955, sansadiya rajbhasha samitti 1957,
rashtrapati aadesha 1960, rajbhasha adhiniyam 1963, rajbhasha samshodhan adhiniyam 1967,
1976,Hindi tatha anya bharteeya bhashaon la sambandha, aalekha aur tippan
Unit-9 , Anuvaad Anuvaad- artha, paribhasha, swaroop aur prakar, anuvaad kla hai ya vigyan ,
anuvaad ka mahatva aur upayogita, anuvaad ki samsyanyen, achche anuvadak ke gun aur
yogtyayen.
Unit-10, Bharateeya Sahitya. Bharteeya sahity aki avadharn evam swaroop, bharteeya sahitya ke
adhyayan ki samsyayen, bharteeya sahity ake vikas ke charan, bharteeya sahitya ka samaj shastra,
bharteeya sahitya meinaaj ke bharat ka bimba, hindi sahitya mein bharteeya mulyan ki abhivyakati
12. CIVIL ENGINEERING
Unit 1
Structural Engineering:Engineering Mechanics: System of forces, free-body diagrams,
equilibrium equations; Internal forces in structures; Friction and its applications; Kinematics of
point mass and rigid body; Centre of mass; Euler’s equations of motion; Impulse-momentum;
Energy methods; Principles of virtual work. Solid Mechanics: Bending moment and shear force in
statically determinate beams; Simple stress and strain relationships; Theories of failures; Simple
bending theory, flexural and shear stresses, shear centre; Uniform torsion, buckling of column,
combined and direct bending stresses. Structural Analysis: Statically determinate and
indeterminate structures by force/ energy methods; Method of superposition; Analysis of trusses,
arches, beams, cables and frames; Displacement methods: Slope deflection and moment distribution
methods; Influence lines; Stiffness and flexibility methods of structural analysis. Concrete
Structures: Working stress, Limit state and Ultimate load design concepts; Design of beams, slabs,
columns; Bond and development length; Prestressed concrete; Analysis of beam sections at transfer
and service loads. Steel Structures: Working stress and Limit state design concepts; Design of
tension and compression members, beams and beam- columns, column bases; Connections - simple
and eccentric, beam-column connections, plate girders and trusses; Plastic analysis of beams and
frames.
Unit 2
Geotechnical Engineering Soil Mechanics: Origin of soils, soil structure and fabric; Three-phase
system and phase relationships, index properties; Soil classification system; Permeability – one and
two dimensional flow; flow nets; Principle of effective stress, capillarity, seepage force and
quicksand condition; Compaction in laboratory and field conditions; One dimensional consolidation,
time rate of consolidation; Shear strength; Mohr’s circle, effective and total shear strength
parameters, Dynamic properties of soil and there measurement . Foundation Engineering: Sub-
surface investigations; Earth pressure theories - Rankine and Coulomb; Stability of slopes - finite
and infinite slopes; Stress distribution in soils - Boussinesq’s and Westergaard’s theories, pressure
bulbs; Shallow foundations - Terzaghi’s and Meyerhoff’s bearing capacity theories, effect of water
table; Combined footing and raft foundation; Contact pressure; Settlement analysis in sands and
clays; Deep foundations - types of piles, dynamic and static formulae, load capacity of piles in sands
and clays, pile load test, negative skin friction.
Unit 3
Environmental Engineering: Water and Waste Water: Quality standards, basic unit processes
and operations for water treatment. Drinking water standards, water requirements, basic unit
operations and unit processes for surface water treatment, distribution of water. Sewage and
sewerage treatment, quantity and characteristics of wastewater. Primary, secondary and tertiary
treatment of wastewater, effluent discharge standards. Domestic wastewater treatment, quantity of
characteristics of domestic wastewater, primary and secondary treatment. Unit operations and unit
processes of domestic wastewater, sludge disposal. Air Pollution: Types of pollutants, their sources
and impacts, air pollution meteorology, air pollution control, air quality standards and limits.
Municipal Solid Wastes: Characteristics, generation, collection and transportation of solid wastes,
engineered systems for solid waste management (reuse/ recycle, energy recovery, treatment and
disposal). Noise Pollution: Impacts of noise, permissible limits of noise pollution, measurement of
noise and control of noise pollution. 12
Unit 4
Transportation Engineering: Transportation Infrastructure: Highway alignment and
engineering surveys; Geometric design of highways – cross-sectional elements, sight distances,
horizontal and vertical alignments; Geometric design of railway track; Airport runway length,
taxiway and exit taxiway design. Highway Pavements: Highway materials – desirable properties
and quality control tests; Design of bituminous paving mixes; Design factors for flexible and rigid
pavements; Design of flexible pavement using IRC: 37-2012; Design of rigid pavements using IRC:
58-2011; Distresses in concrete pavements. Traffic Engineering: Traffic studies on flow, speed,
travel time – delay and O-D study, PCU, peak hour factor, parking study, accident study and
analysis, statistical analysis of traffic data; Microscopic and macroscopic parameters of traffic flow,
fundamental relationships; Control devices, signal design by Webster’s method; Types of
intersections and channelization; Highway capacity and level of service of rural highways and urban
roads.
10. COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING Unit 1
Discrete Mathematics: Propositional and first order logic.Sets, relations, functions, partial orders
and lattices.Groups.Graphs: connectivity, matching, coloring. Combinatorics: counting, recurrence
relations, generating functions. Probability: Random variables. Uniform, normal, exponential,
poisson and binomial distributions.Mean, median, mode and standard deviation. Conditional
probability and Bayes theorem.
Unit 2
Computer Organization and Architecture
Machine instructions and addressing modes.ALU, data‐path and control unit.Instruction pipelining.
Memory hierarchy: cache, main memory and secondary storage; I/O interface (interrupt and DMA
mode).
Unit 3
Algorithms
Searching, sorting, hashing. Asymptotic worst case time and space complexity. Algorithm design
techniques: greedy, dynamic programming and divide‐and‐conquer , Backtracking, Branch & Bound
, Optimization Technique. Graph search, minimum spanning trees, shortest paths.
Unit 4
Software Engineering
Role of Software, Changing Nature of Software, Legacy Software, Software Myths. A Generic
View of Process: Software Engineering -A Layered Technology, A Process Framework, The
CMMI, Process Patterns, Process Assessment, Personal and Team Process Models, Process
Technology, Product and Process.Test Strategies for Object Oriented Software,Art of Debugging.
Unit 5Theory of Computation: Regular expressions and finite automata. Context free grammars
and push down automata. Regular and contex free languages, pumping lemma. Turing machines and
undecidability.
Unit 6
Operating System: Processes,threads, interprocess communication, concurrency and
synchronization.Deadlock.CPU scheduling.Memory management and virtual memory. File systems.
Unit 7
Databases Management System: ER model. Relational model: relational algebra, tuple calculus,
SQL. Integrity constraints, normal forms.File organization, indexing (e.g., B and B+ trees).
Transactions and concurrency control.
Unit 8
Computer Network
Reference models, Physical Layer, Multiple access protocols, Ethernet, Routing algorithms,
Congestion control algorithms, Quality of service, Internet working, Network layer in the Internet,
Transport service, Elements of transport protocols, Internet transport protocols: TCP & UDP,
Domain Name System Sexction 10: Web Technology.
Unit 9
WEB Technologies World Wide Web, markup language like HTML, XHTML and XML, dynamic
content generated languages like ASP, JSP and SERVLETS
11. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Unit 1
Materials Science& Metallurgy: Classification of engineering materials, crystallography, solid
solutions, eutectic, eutectoid, peritectic and peritectoid transformations, iron carbon diagrams, TTT
diagrams, alloys and composite materials.
Unit 2
Manufacturing Processes and Machine Tools: Manufacturing Processes: Casting, forging, sheet
metal working, rolling, extrusion, metal joining processes (welding, soldering,and brazing).
Machine Tools: Lathe machine, drilling machine and grinding machine (basic elements, working
and types of operations).Non-conventional machining methods, Introduction to NC, CNC, and
DNC.
Unit3 Introduction to Thermodynamics: System, process, properties, specific properties, concept
of mechanical work & heat, heat engine, heat pump and refrigerator, efficiency and COP terms,
Laws of Thermodynamics (Zeroth, First and Second laws) , various power cycles, refrigeration and
air-conditioning.
Unit 4
Energy Producing Devices/Thermal Engineering Devices: Boilers, working principle of two
stroke and four stroke ICengines (diesel and petrol).
Power absorbing devices: pumps (reciprocating and centrifugal, rotary pumps), compressors
(reciprocating and centrifugal compressors), fans, blowers.
Unit 5
Design of Machine Elements: Design Fundamentals: Design concept, need, design considerations,
design of machine elements. Mechanisms: Kinematic link, kinematic pair, kinematic chain,
mechanisms (four barand slider crank).Machine Elements: Shaft, axle, keys, coupling (rigid &
flexible), drives (belt, chain & gear), brakes.
Unit 6
Fluid Mechanics and Machinery: Fluid statics, dynamics and kinematics, dimensional analysis
and model testing, water turbines, pumps, and hydraulic couplings, computational fluid dynamics.
Unit 7
Industrial Engineering: Productivity, method study and work measurements, types of production
systems, plant layouts, aggregate planning, master production scheduling, materials requirement
planning, facility layouts, sequencing and scheduling, CPM and PERT, inventory management and
quality control.
12. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING
Unit 1: Digital electronics: Variables and Functions , Inversion, Truth Tables , Logic gates and
Networks, Boolean Algebra , Synthesis Using AND ,OR,NOT , NAND and NOR Gates. Design
Examples – Karnaugh Map – Strategy for Minimization, Minimization of product of Sums forms,
Combinational Circuits Building Blocks – Multiplexers, Decoders – Encoders Code Converters,
Arithmetic Comparison Circuits – Flip flop, Registers, Counters
Unit 2: Discrete Fourier Transforms (DFT): Frequency domain sampling and reconstruction of
discrete time signals. Fourier Series and transform, DFT and its Properties, Circular convolution IIR
filter design: Characteristics of commonly used analog filters – Butterworth and Chebysheve filters,
analog to analog frequency transformations. Design of IIR filters from analog filters (Butterworth
and Chebyshev) - impulse invariance method, Bilinear transformation method FIR filter design:
Introduction to FIR filters, design of FIR filters using - Rectangular, Hamming, Barlet and Kaiser
windows, Implementation of discrete-time systems: Structures for IIR and FIR systems-direct form I
and direct form II systems, cascade, and parallel realization.
Unit 3:Electromagnetic fields: Maxwell's equations, electromagnetic fields, Sparameters, basic
Transmission line equations, impedance transformers, basics of antennas, antenna specifications
Digital communications : sampling – quantization – encoding – aliasing – Nyquist rate - Modulation
schemes PAM, PCM,PSK, FSK, QAM and higher order of modulation techniques and their error
performance – pulse shaping, matched filter.
13 SYLLABUS FOR LIFE SCIENCES
1. MOLECULES AND THEIR INTERACTION RELAVENT TOBIOLOGY
A. Structure of atoms, molecules and chemical bonds.
B. Composition, structure and function of bio molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins,
nucleic acids and vitamins).
C. Stablizing interactions (Vander Waals, electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic
interaction etc.).
D. Principles of biophysical chemistry (pH, buffer, reaction kinetics,
thermodynamics, colligative properties).
E. Bioenergetics, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, coupled reaction, group transfer,
biological energy transducers.
F. Principles of catalysis, enzymes and enzyme kinetics, enzyme regulation, mechanism of
enzyme catalysis, isozymes.
G. Conformation of proteins (Ramachandran plot, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure;
domains; motif and folds).
H. Conformation of nucleic acids (A-, B-, Z-, DNA), t-RNA, micro-RNA).
I. Stability of protein and nucleic acid structures.
J. Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, nucleotides and vitamins.
2. 2. CELLULARORGANIZATION
A. Membrane structure and function: Structure of model membrane, lipid bilayer and membrane
protein diffusion, osmosis, ion channels, active transport, ion pumps, mechanism of sorting and
regulation of intracellular transport, electrical properties of membranes.
B. Structural organization and function of intracellular organelles: Cell wall, nucleus,
mitochondria, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes, plastids, vacuoles,
chloroplast, structure & function of cytoskeleton and its role inmotility.
C. Organization of genes and chromosomes: Operon, interrupted genes, gene families, structure of
chromatin and chromosomes, unique and repetitive DNA, heterochromatin, euchromatin,
transposons.
D. Cell division and cell cycle: Mitosis and meiosis, their regulation, steps in cell cycle, and control
of cell cycle.
E. Microbial Physiology: Growth, yield and characteristics, strategies of cell division, stress
response.
3. FUNDAMENTALPROCESSES
A. DNA replication, repair and recombination: Unit of replication, enzymes involved,
replication origin and replication fork, fidelity of replication, extra chromosomal
replicons, DNA damage and repair mechanisms.
B. RNA synthesis and processing: Transcription factors and machinery, formation of
initiation complex, transcription activators and repressors, RNA polymerases, capping,
elongation and termination, RNA processing, RNA editing, splicing, polyadenylation,
structure and function of different types of RNA, RNA transport.
C. Protein synthesis and processing: Ribosome, formation of initiation complex, initiation
factors and their regulation, elongation and elongation factors, termination, genetic code,
aminoacylation of tRNA, tRNA-identity, aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, translational
proof-reading, translational inhibitors, post- translational modification of proteins.
D. Control of gene expression at transcription and translation level: Regulation of
phages, viruses, prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression, role of chromatin in
regulating gene expression and gene silencing.
4. CELL COMMUNICATION AND CELLSIGNALING
A. Host parasite interaction: Recognition and entry processes of different pathogens like
bacteria, viruses into animal and plant host cells, alteration of host cell behavior by
pathogens, virus-induced cell transformation, pathogen-induced diseases in animals and
plants, cell-cell fusion in both normal and abnormal cells.
B. Cell signaling: Hormones and their receptors, cell surface receptor, signaling through G-
protein coupled receptors, signal transduction pathways, second messengers, regulation
of signaling pathways, bacterial and plant two-component signaling systems, bacterial
chemotaxis and quorum sensing.
C. Cellular communication: Regulation of hematopoiesis, general principles of cell
communication, cell adhesion and roles of different adhesion molecules, gap junctions,
extracellular matrix, integrins, neurotransmission and its regulation.
D. Cancer: Genetic rearrangements in progenitor cells, oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes,
cancer and the cell cycle, virus-induced cancer, metastasis, interaction of cancer cells
with normal cells, apoptosis, therapeutic interventions of uncontrolled cell growth.
E. Innate and adaptive immune system: Cells and molecules involved in innate and
adaptive immunity, antigens, antigenicity and immunogenicity. B and T cell epitopes,
structure and function of antibody molecules, generation of antibody diversity,
monoclonal antibodies, antibody engineering, antigen-antibody interactions, MHC
molecules, antigen processing and presentation, activation and differentiation of B and T
cells, B and T cell receptors, humoral and cell- mediated immune responses, primary and
secondary immune modulation, the complement system, Toll-like receptors, cell-
mediated effector functions, inflammation, hypersensitivity and autoimmunity, immune
response during bacterial (tuberculosis), parasitic (malaria) and viral (HIV) infections,
congenital and acquired immunodeficiencies, vaccines.
5. DEVELOPMENTALBIOLOGY
A. Basic concepts of development: Potency, commitment, specification, induction,
competence, determination and differentiation; morphogenetic gradients; cell fate and
cell lineages; stem cells; genomic equivalence and the cytoplasmic determinants;
imprinting; mutants and transgenics in analysis of development.
B. Gametogenesis, fertilization and early development: Production of gametes, cell
surface molecules in sperm-egg recognition in animals; embryo sac development and
double fertilization in plants; zygote formation, cleavage, blastula formation, embryonic
fields, gastrulation and formation of germ layers in animals; embryogenesis,
establishment of symmetry in plants; seed formation and germination.
C. Morphogenesis and organogenesis in animals: Cell aggregation and differentiation in
Dictyostelium; axes and pattern formation in Drosophila, amphibia and chick;
organogenesis – vulva formation in Caenorhabditis elegans; eye lens induction, limb
development and regeneration in vertebrates; differentiation of neurons, post embryonic
development-larval formation, metamorphosis; environmental regulation of normal
development; sex determination.
D. Morphogenesis and organogenesis in plants: Organization of shoot and root apical
meristem; shoot and root development; leaf development and phyllotaxy; transition to
flowering, floral meristems and floral development in Arabidopsis and Antirrhinum.
E. Programmed cell death, aging and senescence.
6. SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGY - PLANT
A. Photosynthesis: Light harvesting complexes; mechanisms of electron transport;
photoprotective mechanisms; CO2 fixation-C3, C4 and CAM pathways.
B. Respiration and photorespiration: Citric acid cycle; plant mitochondrial electron
transport and ATP synthesis; alternate oxidase; photorespiratory pathway.
C. Nitrogen metabolism: Nitrate and ammonium assimilation; amino acid biosynthesis.
D. Plant hormones: Biosynthesis, storage, breakdown and transport; physiological effects
and mechanisms of action.
E. Sensory photobiology: Structure, function and mechanisms of action of phytochromes,
cryptochromes and phototropins; stomatal movement; photoperiodism and biological
clocks.
F. Solute transport and photoassimilate translocation: Uptake, transport and
translocation of water, ions, solutes and macromolecules from soil, through cells, across
membranes, through xylem and phloem; transpiration; mechanisms of loading and
unloading of photo assimilates.
G. Secondary metabolites - Biosynthesis of terpenes, phenols and nitrogenous compounds
and their roles.
H. Stress physiology: Responses of plants to biotic (pathogen and insects) and abiotic
(water, temperature and salt) stresses; mechanisms of resistance to biotic stress and
tolerance to abiotic stress
7. SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGY -ANIMAL
A. Blood and circulation: Blood corpuscles, haemopoiesis and formed elements, plasma
function, blood volume, blood volume regulation, blood groups, haemoglobin, immunity,
haemostasis.
B. Cardiovascular System: Comparative anatomy of heart structure, myogenic heart,
specialized tissue, ECG – its principle and significance, cardiac cycle, heart as a pump,
blood pressure, neural and chemical regulation of all above.
C. Respiratory system: Comparison of respiration in different species, anatomical
considerations, transport of gases, exchange of gases, waste elimination, neural and
chemical regulation of respiration.
D. Nervous system: Neurons, action potential, gross neuroanatomy of the brain and spinal
cord, central and peripheral nervous system, neural control of muscle tone and posture.
E. Sense organs: Vision, hearing and tactile response.
F. Excretory system: Comparative physiology of excretion, kidney, urine formation, urine
concentration, waste elimination, regulation of water balance, blood volume, blood
pressure, electrolyte balance, acid-base balance.
G. Thermoregulation: Comfort zone, body temperature – physical, chemical, neural
regulation, acclimatization.
H. Stress and adaptation
I. Digestive system: Digestion, absorption, energy balance, BMR.
J. Endocrinology and reproduction: Endocrine glands, basic mechanism of hormone
action, hormones and diseases; reproductive processes, neuroendocrine regulation.
8. INHERITANCEBIOLOGY
A. Mendelian principles: Dominance, segregation, independent assortment, deviation from
Mendelian inheritance.
B. Concept of gene: Allele, multiple alleles, pseudo allele, complementation tests.
C. Extensions of Mendelian principles: Codominance, incomplete dominance, gene
interactions, pleiotropy, genomic imprinting, penetrance and expressivity, phenocopy, linkage
and crossing over, sex linkage, sex limited and sex influenced characters.
D. Gene mapping methods: Linkage maps, tetrad analysis, mapping with molecular markers,
mapping by using somatic cell hybrids, development of mapping population in plants.
E. Extra chromosomal inheritance: Inheritance of mitochondrial and chloroplast genes,
maternal inheritance.
F. Microbial genetics: Methods of genetic transfers – transformation, conjugation, transduction
and sex-duction, mapping genes by interrupted mating, fine structure analysis of genes.
G. Human genetics: Pedigree analysis, lod score for linkage testing, karyotypes, genetic
disorders.
H. Quantitative genetics: Polygenic inheritance, heritability and its measurements, QTL
mapping.
I. Mutation: Types, causes and detection, mutant types – lethal, conditional, biochemical, loss
of function, gain of function, germinal verses somatic mutants, insertional mutagenesis.
J. Structural and numerical alterations of chromosomes: Deletion, duplication, inversion,
translocation, ploidy and their genetic implications.
K. Recombination: Homologous and non-homologous recombination, including
transposition, site-specific recombination.
9. DIVERSITY OF LIFEFORMS
A. Principles and methods of taxonomy: Concepts of species and hierarchical taxa,
biological nomenclature, classical and quantitative methods of taxonomy of plants,
animals and microorganisms.
B. Levels of structural organization: Unicellular, colonial and multicellular forms;
levels of organization of tissues, organs and systems; comparative anatomy.
C. Outline classification of plants, animals and microorganisms: Important criteria used
for classification in each taxon; classification of plants, animals and microorganisms;
evolutionary relationships among taxa.
D. Natural history of Indian subcontinent: Major habitat types of the subcontinent,
geographic origins and migrations of species; common Indian mammals, birds;
seasonality and phenology of the subcontinent.
E. Organisms of health and agricultural importance: Common parasites and
pathogens of humans, domestic animals and crops.
10. ECOLOGICALPRINCIPLES
A. The Environment: Physical environment; biotic environment; biotic and abiotic
interactions.
B. Habitat and niche: Concept of habitat and niche; niche width and overlap; fundamental and
realized niche; resource partitioning; character displacement.
C. Population ecology: Characteristics of a population; population growth curves; population
regulation; life history strategies (r and K selection); concept of metapopulation – demes and
dispersal, interdemic extinctions, age structured populations.
D. Species interactions: Types of interactions, interspecific competition, herbivory, carnivory,
pollination, symbiosis.
E. Community ecology: Nature of communities; community structure and attributes; levels of
species diversity and its measurement; edges and ecotones.
F. Ecological succession: Types; mechanisms; changes involved in succession; concept of
climax.
G. Ecosystem: Structure and function; energy flow and mineral cycling (CNP); primary
production and decomposition; structure and function of some Indian ecosystems: terrestrial
(forest, grassland) and aquatic (fresh water, marine, estuarine).
H. Biogeography: Major terrestrial biomes; theory of island biogeography; biogeographical
zones of India.
I. Applied ecology: Environmental pollution; global environmental change; biodiversity-
status, monitoring and documentation; major drivers of biodiversity change; biodiversity
management approaches.
J. Conservation biology: Principles of conservation, major approaches to management, Indian
case studies on conservation/management strategy (Project Tiger, Biosphere reserves).
11. EVOLUTION AND BEHAVIOUR
A. Emergence of evolutionary thoughts: Lamarck; Darwin–concepts of variation,
adaptation, struggle, fitness and natural selection; Mendelism; spontaneity of
mutations; the evolutionary synthesis.
B. Origin of cells and unicellular evolution: Origin of basic biological molecules; abiotic
synthesis of organic monomers and polymers; concept of Oparin and Haldane;
experiment of Miller (1953); the first cell; evolution of prokaryotes; origin of eukaryotic
cells; evolution of unicellular eukaryotes; anaerobic metabolism, photosynthesis and
aerobic metabolism.
C. Paleontology and evolutionary history: The evolutionary time scale; eras, periods
and epoch; major events in the evolutionary time scale; origins of unicellular and
multicellular organisms; major groups of plants and animals; stages in primate
evolution including Homo.
D. Molecular Evolution: Concepts of neutral evolution, molecular divergence and
molecular clocks; molecular tools in phylogeny, classification and identification; protein
and nucleotide sequence analysis; origin of new genes and proteins; gene duplication and
divergence.
E. The Mechanisms: Population genetics – populations, gene pool, gene frequency;
Hardy-Weinberg law; concepts and rate of change in gene frequency through natural
selection, migration and random genetic drift; adaptive radiation and modifications;
isolating mechanisms; speciation; allopatricity and sympatricity; convergent evolution;
sexual selection; co-evolution.
F. Brain, Behavior and Evolution: Approaches and methods in study of behavior;
proximate and ultimate causation; altruism and evolution-group selection, kin selection,
reciprocal altruism; neural basis of learning, memory, cognition, sleep and arousal;
biological clocks; development of behavior; social communication; social dominance; use
of space and territoriality; mating systems, parental investment and reproductive success;
parental care; aggressive behavior; habitat selection and optimality in foraging; migration,
orientation and navigation; domestication and behavioral changes.
12. APPLIED BIOLOGY:
A. Microbial fermentation and production of small and macromolecules.
B. Application of immunological principles (vaccines, diagnostics). tissue and
cell culture methods for plants and animals.
C. Transgenic animals and plants, molecular approaches to diagnosis and strain
identification.
D. Genomics and its application to health and agriculture, including gene
therapy.
E. Bioresource and uses of biodiversity.
F. Breeding in plants and animals, including marker – assisted selection.
G. Bioremediation and phytoremediation.
H. Biosensors.
13. METHODS INBIOLOGY
A. Molecular biology and recombinant DNA methods: Isolation and purification of
RNA, DNA (genomic and plasmid) and proteins, different separation methods; analysis
of RNA, DNA and proteins by one and two dimensional gel electrophoresis, isoelectric
focusing gels; molecular cloning of DNA or RNA fragments in bacterial and eukaryotic
systems; expression of recombinant proteins using bacterial, animal and plant vectors;
isolation of specific nucleic acid sequences; generation of genomic and cDNA libraries
in plasmid, phage, cosmid, BAC and YAC vectors; in vitro mutagenesis and deletion
techniques, gene knock out in bacterial and eukaryotic organisms; protein sequencing
methods, detection of post-translation modification of proteins; DNA sequencing
methods, strategies for genome sequencing; methods for analysis of gene expression at
RNA and protein level, large scale expression analysis, such as micro array based
techniques; isolation, separation and analysis of carbohydrate and lipid molecules;
RFLP, RAPD and AFLPtechniques
B. Histochemical and immunotechniques: Antibody generation, detection of molecules
using ELISA, RIA, western blot, immune precipitation, flow cytometry and
immunofluorescence microscopy, detection of molecules in living cells, in situ
localization by techniques such as FISH and GISH.
C. Biophysical methods: Analysis of biomolecules using UV/visible, fluorescence,
circular dichroism, NMR and ESR spectroscopy, structure determination using X-ray
diffraction and NMR; analysis using light scattering, different types of mass
spectrometry and surface plasma resonance methods.
D. Statistical Methods: Measures of central tendency and dispersal; probability
distributions (Binomial, Poisson and normal); sampling distribution; difference
between parametric and non-parametric statistics; confidence interval; errors; levels of
significance; regression and correlation; t-test; analysis of variance; X2 test;; basic
introduction to Muetrovariate statistics, etc.
E. Radiolabeling techniques: Properties of different types of radioisotopes
normally used in biology, their detection and measurement; incorporation of
radioisotopes in biological tissues and cells, molecular imaging of radioactive
material, safety guidelines.
F. Microscopic techniques: Visulization of cells and subcellular components by light
microscopy, resolving powers of different microscopes, microscopy of living cells,
scanning and transmission microscopes, different fixation and staining techniques
for EM, freeze-etch and freeze-fracture methods for EM, image processing methods
inmicroscopy.
G. Electrophysiological methods: Single neuron recording, patch-clamp recording, ECG,
Brain activity recording, lesion and stimulation of brain, pharmacological testing, PET,
MRI, fMRI, CAT .
H. Methods in field biology: Methods of estimating population density of animals and plants,
ranging patterns through direct, indirect and remote observations, sampling methods in the
study of behavior, habitat characterization-ground and remote sensing methods.
I. Computational methods: Nucleic acid and protein sequence databases; data mining
methods for sequence analysis, web-based tools for sequence searches, motif analysis and
presentation.
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