satellite basics mac smog blog training cathalac, panama, sept 11-12, 2008

Satellite BasicsMAC Smog Blog Training

CATHALAC, Panama, Sept 11-12, 2008

Jill Engel-Cox & Erica Zell

Battelle Memorial Institute

engelcoxj@battelle.org, 703-875-2144

zelle@battelle.org, 703-236-1420

U.S. Ambient Air Monitoring

National Ambient Air Quality Standards Carbon monoxide, lead,

nitrogen dioxide, sulfur oxides, particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), and ozone

Typical Real-time Monitors Hourly Ozone (ppb) Hourly PM2.5 (g / m3)

Converted to health-based air quality index (AQI)

Available on U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s AIRNow website (http://www.airnow.gov)

Key NASA air quality satellite sensors

Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

(MODIS)

How a Polar Orbiting Satellite orbits…

How a polar orbiting satellite orbits…

Satellite Data Available for Air Quality

Most useful for particulate matter (PM) Type of information relevant to PM:

True Color (Red, Green, Blue - RGB) - looks like a photograph but is data, shows haze, dust, & smoke

Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) - Non-dimensional measure of total column (satellite-ground) extinction

Limited but improving information on ground-level ozone, SO2, CO, vertical distribution of PM

All data is “free”, available globally

Engel-Cox, J. et.al. 2004. Atmospheric Environment.

MODIS True Color Image6 July 2002

Transport Case Study Illustration MODISRGB L1B Image25 June 2002

Sunglint

Haze

Cloud

Data provided by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Image processed by Battelle using MODIS HDF Look.

MODIS Aerosol Optical Depth25 June 2002

Data provided by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Image processed by Battelle using MODIS HDF Look.

Relation to Ground-based Data

Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) vs. PM2.5 (Ground)

Quantitative Analysis: PM2.5 Concentrations vs. MODIS AOD

Eastern U.S., April-September 2002

PM2.5 (μg/m3) = 23 AOD + 7N=14,000

Aerosol Optical Depth (unitless)

PM

2.5 (

μg

/m3)

IMPROVE Site Locations

STN-M Site Locations

0.00.0 0.2 1.41.00.6 1.61.20.80.40

15

60

45

30

90

75

105

120

Engel-Cox, J. et.al. 2004. Atmospheric Environment.

Engel-Cox, J. et.al. 2004. Atmospheric Environment.

Initial Correlations by SeasonDaily Fine Mass

-120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70

25

30

35

40

45

50

-0.1

0.1

0.1

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.5

0.5

0.50.5

0.5

0.7

Parameter: Daily Fine Mass (STN), Season: fall

-120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70

25

30

35

40

45

50

-0.3

-0.3

-0.3

-0.3

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1-0.1

-0.1-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.10.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.10.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.10.10.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.10.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.10.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.10.10.1

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.30.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.30.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.30.3

0.3

0.3

0.30.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.30.3

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.50.50.5

Parameter: Daily Fine Mass (STN), Season: winter

-120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70

25

30

35

40

45

50

-0.3

-0.3

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.10.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1 0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1 0.10.1

0.3 0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.30.30.3

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.50.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

Parameter: Daily Fine Mass (STN), Season: spring

-120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70

25

30

35

40

45

50

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

0.10.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.30.3

0.30.3

0.30.3

0.30.5

0.5

0.50.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.50.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.50.50.5

0.7 0.7

Parameter: Daily Fine Mass (STN), Season: summerWinter

Spring

Summer

Fall

Baltimore, MDSummer 2004

Old Town TEOM

MODIS AOD

MO

DIS

Aer

osol

Opt

ical

Dep

th

PM

2.5

(g/

m3 )

Aug 10Normal haze

Aug 24Transported

haze

July 9High altitude

smoke

July 21Mixed down

smoke

Sources

Sensor Site

Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)

http://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/http://eosdb.ssec.wisc.edu/modisdirect/

Data Sites

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center DAAC http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/

NASA Langley Atmospheric Sciences Data Center

http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/

NASA Level 1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution Center

https://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov:8300/

Imagery Sites

NASA Earth Observatory http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/

NASA Visible Earth http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/

NOAA Operational Significant Event Imagery U.S. Air Quality (“Smog Blog”)

http://www.osei.noaa.gov/http://alg.umbc.edu/usaq/

Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD)IDEA: http://idea.ssec.wisc.edu/

MesoAmerica Aerosol Optical Depth from MODIS

Sundar A. ChristopherThe University of Alabama in Huntsville

Weekly Composites of MODIS Aerosol Terra Optical Depth for 2007

Weekly Composites from one satellite provides increases spatial coverage

Further work will use data fusion approaches to combine both Terra and Aqua to fill in the gaps.

Questions?