satg-presentation on grain storage (1)
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(SATG) Somali Agriculture
Technical Group
INTRODUCTION AND
IMPROVEMENT OF POST-
HARVEST AND GRAIN STORAGESYSTEMS IN THE BAY REGION-
SOMALIA
Presented at the Regional Workshop on DrylandFarming Practices in Emergency and Post-
Emergency Context
October 6-7, 08
Nairobi, Kenya
HUSSEIN HAJI
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(SATG) Somali AgricultureTechnical Group
OVERVIEW
Introduction
Post-harvest losses
Grain storage systems
Experiences and lessons learned from otherregions within the country using improvedstorage system
A proposed plan for improving post-harvestand storage losses in the in the Bay Region
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Introduction
Sorghum is the majorcrop
Production is low due
to to: Moisture stress
Lack of inputs
Pre-harvestconstraints
Post-harvest andstorage limitations
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Post-harvest Losses
Post-harvest and storage grain losses areestimated as 20-30% of the total production.
In Southern Somalia, this translates to economic
losses ranging between 50,000 and 80,000tones per year
corresponding to an estimated value of US$ 15and 25 million, respectively.
These losses are mainly due to lack of properhandling of the crop soon after harvest and theuse of the traditional storage structures
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Grain Storage systems
I- traditional
Underground pitsmost commonly used
II- Others Sacks
Drums (metal andplastic)
bags
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Tradition Storage system
Factors contributing to grain storage lossesin underground pits:
Temperature
Humidity
Higher temperature and higher humidity provide
optimum conditions for disease developmentand spread
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Tradition Storage system
Problems
Migration of moisturefrom the surrounding soilwalls
Exposed to heavy rainsand floods
Development of fungi andinsects
Conducive conditions forrodents
Multiplication of fungicalled Aspergillusdeadly to humans
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Tradition Storage system
Grain discoloration
Loss of grain quantity and quality traits
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Tradition Storage system
Post-emergency study conducted in the BayRegion by GTZ indicate that in all testedpits, moisture and temperature were
conducive for fungal development,therefore, grains had potential aflatoxinscontamination
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Tradition Storage system
How to improve the traditional system?
1. Improving post-harvest practices
2. Improving the storage system
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Tradition Storage system
I. Improving post-harvest practices
Moulded and damaged grain should beseparated
Improved sun drying
Rapid collection in case of excessive rain
Transportation (grain damage and spelling)
Packing, loading and handling
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Tradition Storage system
II. Improving thetraditional system
Coating pit wall with
maize/sorghum sticksor plastic sheets
Digging drainagesystem around the pits
Establishment of pitsin elevated position
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Experience and lessons learned
Storage in drums and plastic containers
Gaining popularity in parts of southern Somaliaand Somaliland)
Inaccessible to rodents, efficient against insectsand sealed against entry of water
Grain conserve their market quality and value forup to 5 years
Significant reduction in post-harvest losses In 2007, 78% of the beneficiary farmers in
Somaliland were found utilizing the new drumsystem
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Experience and lessons learned
Disadvantages:
Limited capacity(max. 200 kg)
In high agriculturepotential areas likethe Bay region, biggerstorage capacity willbe required
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Household metal silos
Proposed storagetechnology for the BayRegion
Similar in concept to the
drum storage Has been tested in many
countries withmeasurable success
It has helped manyAfrican countries reducestorage losses
It can be built locally withdifferent sizes of storage
capacity
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Household metal silos
Its simple, efficient
and can store grainfor longer period of
time without alteringgrain quality
Will farmers to storegrain and sell product
when the market priceis high
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Household metal silos
Target groups
The farmers within the project area
artisans/craftsmen
Somali agriculture professionals andtechnicians involved in the implementation ofthe action
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Household metal silos
The process:
Train master trainers on silos construction
Train artigans from different villages
Organize field tours and demonstrations
Train farmers on proper use of the silos
Establishment of artigan centres
Promotion of the new technology throughavailable media outlets
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Summary
Improvement of pos-harvest and storagefacilities are cost effective and contribute to foodsecurity
Improved storage will allow a continues supplyof food throughout the year either for domesticconsumption or for trade
It will provide a reserve for contingencies such
as drought Allow the farmers to sell at a time when prices
are favorable
Will reduce the exposure to aflatoxins
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THANK YOU
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