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SCADA

AMULPREET SINGH

DAMANPREET SINGH

PRESENTED BY:

GENERATION

TRANSMISSION

DISTRIBUTION

POWER SYSTEM

GRID

FSS FSS

NFSS NFSS NFSS NFSS

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

FSS – First Switching StationNFSS – Non First Switching Station

PROBLEMS IN CONVENTIONAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Excessive manpower is requiredTheft is difficult to detectFault location difficultSlow responseDifficult troubleshooting

What is Automation ?

Automation is basically the delegation of human control function to technical equipment for:

Increasing ProductivityIncreasing QualityReducing CostIncreasing Safety in working conditions

INTRODUCTION

SCADA stands for Supervision Control and Data Acquisition

SCADA is not a specific technology, but a type of application.

Any application that gets data about a system in order to control that system is a SCADA application.

How SCADA Systems Work

A SCADA system performs four functions:Data acquisitionNetworked data communicationData presentationControl & Monitoring

SCADA components

Sensors & control relaysRemote Terminal Units (RTUs)SCADA master units.Communications network

SENSORS & CONTROL RELAYS

There are two types of sensorsAnalogDigitalSensors and control relays directly

interface with the managed system.

Remote Terminal Units (RTUs).

These are small computerized units deployed in the field at specific sites and locations.

RTUs serve as local collection points for gathering reports from sensors and delivering commands to control relays.

RTU560A

Features of RTU 560A

Support of standard communication protocols.

Sophisticated RTU solution for huge and medium applications.

Suitable for high availability and redundancy requirements

560SLI02 Module

4 serial communication interfaces

32 MB Flash Memory8 MB RAMWeb ServerPC104 module with

CPU 486/66MHzPLC capable

560ETH03 Module, LAN Interface

Communication in a Local Area Network via Ethernet interface

2 serial communication interfaces

32 MB Flash Memory8MB RAMPC104 module with

CPU 486/66MHz

I/O modules RTU560

Binary Input Board 23BE21 / 23BE22 Time resolution of 1 msec.16 single indications with time stamp8 double indications with time stamp

Binary Output Board 23BA20

I/O modules RTU560 cont.

16 relay outputs

Resistive loads up to 60 W can be switched with output voltages between 24 and 60 VDC

Duration of output pulse vary from 100 msec to 25.5 sec

I/O modules RTU560 cont.

Eight analog inputs The eight inputs

are scanned and processed in a cycle of 580 msec

LED on the front panel to indicate common error conditions

Analog Input Board 23AE21

SCADA master units

These are larger computer consoles that serve as the central processor for the SCADA system.

Master units provide a human interface to the system and automatically regulate the managed system in response to sensor inputs.

SCADA SLD

Communications Network

It connects the SCADA master unit to the RTUs in the field.

Early SCADA networks communicated over radio, modem or dedicated serial lines.

These days data is put over Ethernet and IP over SONET

Communications Network cont.

SCADA data is encoded in protocol format. Older SCADA systems depended on closed proprietary protocols, but today the trend is to use open, standard protocols.

Communications Network cont.

Sensors and control relays can’t generate or interpret protocol communication on their own. Therefore the RTU is needed to provide an interface between the sensors and the SCADA network.

The RTU encodes sensor inputs into protocol format and forwards them to the SCADA master; in turn, the RTU receives control commands in protocol format from the master and transmits electrical signals to the appropriate control relays.

TYPES OF INPUTS & OUTPUTS

Analog InputsAnalog OutputsDigital InputsDigital Outputs

CT/PT

MFM

SLI Card

ETHERNET

MCC

ANALOG SIGNALS

Analog Measurements

Digital data (MODBUS)

Data in 104 protocol

Analog I/P

Transducer

23 AE 21

SLI Card

Ethernet

MCC

Numerical RELAY

Numerical RELAY

Numerical RELAY

Rx Tx Rx Tx Rx Tx

RELAY SIGNALS

CB 23 BE 21 SLI Card Ethernet MCC

23 BA 20CMR

CIRCUIT BREAKER SIGNALS

METHODS TO TRANSMIT DATA

1. ABB relay2. Landis-Gyr Meter3. Enercon Meter4. MFM

Thank You