scaling up agricultural technologies

Scaling up Agricultural

TechnologiesJohannes F. Linn

Emerging Markets Forum and Brookings

Presentation at IFPRI Agricultural Technology Summit

Food Security in a World of Changing Climate and Natural Resource Scarcity: The Role of

Agricultural TechnologiesNewseum, Washington, DC, February 12,

2014

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Agricultural technologies:The scaling up imperative

Many agricultural technologies for improved productivity are well known, but not widely applied by (poor) farmers in the developing world.

The new IFPRI study: promotes increased use by establishing which

technology is potentially appropriate where. The next step:

find ways to ensure that appropriate technologies are widely adopted for scaled up impact (higher productivity, poverty reduction, improved nutrition, etc.).

IFAD and USAID are actively pursuing this scaling up agenda; IFPRI published a set of policy briefs

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New idea, model, approach

Pilot, Project

M&E,Learning

& KM

Internalknowledge

Outsideknowledge

LimitedImpact

Scale up

MultipleImpact

The basics: innovation, learning

and scaling up as an iterative process

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What is a systematic approach

to scaling up?

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Innovation

Vision of Scaled

Up Impact

Drivers (champions, incentives, market or community demand, etc.)

Monitor and Evaluate

Spaces (enabling factors)

Fiscal and FinancialInstitutionalPoliciesPolitcalEnvironmentPartnershipEtc

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Why a systematic focus on scaling up is essential

Scaling up pathway

Traditional project pathway

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Lessons from IFPRI policy briefs

18 policy briefs on experience of various institutions/technologies, issues, including: Aga Khan Foundation, Alive and Thrive, B&M

Gates Foundation, IFAD, Oxfam, Pepsico, SEWA, World Bank

regreening, rice intensification, biofortification, value chains, area-based development, community driven development, nutritional programs

institutional development; fragile states

* J. Linn, ed. 2012 Scaling Up in Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition. 2020 Focus Briefs, No. 19. International Food Policy and Research Institute. Washington, DC

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Lessons #1

Actors: multiplicity at multiple levels; requires multi-stakeholder alliances

Dimensions: horizontal and vertical scaling up usually go hand in hand

Pathways: no unique process, but Successful scaling up takes time, even decades;

requires long-term engagement with a vision of scale

Systematic planning, management, learning, ready to take opportunities

Consider drivers and constraints or enabling factors (spaces)

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Lessons #2

Drivers:The agricultural technology (idea,

model, innovation)Champions (individuals, groups)Demand (market, communities)Incentives (profit, property rights,

competitions, institutional accountability)

External assistance

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Lessons #3

Spaces/enabling conditions: Institutional: effective institutions found or

created, incl. intermediary institution (extension service, etc.); needs to be considered from the start; coordination to be sought; rivalries to be avoided/managed

Policies, laws and regulations: these need to be supportive, incl. property rights, business environment, trade policies, micro finance laws and regulations

Fiscal and financial: fiscal/financial viability at larger scale and beyond donor support; may require cost reductions, cost recovery, or budget commitments 2/12/14

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Lessons #4

Spaces (continued): Political: consider winners v. losers; ensure

authorizing environment exists; political opposition managed; program protected from electoral cycles; public outreach

Environmental: critical for many ag. projects (land, water, etc.)

Cultural/social: local cultures often opportunity/constraint; varies across communities/regions/countries; role of women critical opportunity or constraint

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Lessons #5

Spaces (ctd):Partnership: look for national and

international partners from the beginning; readiness to hand over (more) responsibility to national partners

Learning: M&E for internal and external knowledge; adapt M&E to scaling up agenda (not only impact, but also drivers, spaces, etc.) 2/12/14

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Institutional lessons from IFAD

There are examples of effective IFAD support for successful scaling up; but systematic institutional approach needed.

Key step: Recognize that scaling up is “mission critical”. Scaling up has to be embedded in all institutional

processes: corporate strategy, policies and results framework, operational instruments, country program and project

design and monitoring, resource allocation, budgets and staff incentives.

Institutional change requires time, persistence and strong managerial commitment along with stakeholder engagement, keeping messages clear and bureaucratic requirements simple.

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The way forward

More systematic focus on scaling up in more institutions internationally and nationally, public and private (AfDB, IFAD, UNDP, World Bank; AusAID/DFAT, GIZ, JICA, USAID; Brookings, IFPRI; MSI; Heifer International, etc. already engaged)

Incorporate scaling up agenda into research agenda of CGIAR agencies, IFPRI, and others (explore scaling up pathways by crop, technology, value chain, etc.)

Develop learning networks and advisory capabilities

Incorporate into high-level dialogue on Post-2015 Agenda, etc.

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Selected ReferencesL. Chandy, A. Hosono, H. Kharas & J. Linn, eds. 2013. Getting to scale.

Brookings, Washington, DCA. Hartmann and J. Linn. 2008. “Scaling Up: A Framework and Lessons for

Development Effectiveness from Literature and Practice.” Wolfensohn Center Working Paper No. 5. Brookings. Washington, DC

J. Linn, A. Hartmann, H. Kharas, R. Kohl, and B. Massler. 2010. “Scaling Up the Fight Against Rural Poverty: An Institutional Review of IFAD’s Approach”, Global Working Paper No. 39 , Brookings. Washington, DC

J. Linn. 2011.“Scaling Up with Aid: The Institutional Dimension.” in H. Kharas, K. Makino and W. Jung, eds., Catalyzing Development: A New Vision for Aid. Washington: Brookings Institution Press

J. Linn, ed. 2012 Scaling Up in Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition. 2020 Focus Briefs, No. 19. International Food Policy and Research Institute. Washington, DC

L. Cooley and R. Ved, 2012. “Scaling Up—From Vision to Large Scale Change: A Management Framework for Practitioners, Second Edition.” MSI. Washington, DC

A. Hartmann, H. Kharas, R. Kohl, J. Linn, B. Massler and C. Sourang. 2013. “Scaling Up Programs for the Rural Poor: IFAD’s Experience, Lessons and Prospects (Phase 2).” Global Economy& Development Working Paper 54. Brookings 14 2/12/14

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Thank you!

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