scientific revolution - ms. baun's history...

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION OVERVIEW

WHAT’S SO GOOD ABOUT SCIENCE?

• LEADS TO DISCOVERY!!!!!

WHAT????

• NOPE

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

• SCIENTISTS BEGIN TO QUESTION ACCEPTED BELIEFS AND MAKE NEW

THEORIES BASED ON EXPERIMENTATION

• EMERGENCE OF MODERN SCIENCE, MATH, BIOLOGY, PHYSICS,

ANATOMY, AND CHEMISTRY

• BEGAN TOWARDS THE END OF THE RENAISSANCE

• NEW WAY OF VIEWING THE NATURAL WORLD—BASED ON

OBSERVATION AND INQUIRY

THE ROOTS OF MODERN SCIENCE

• THE MEDIEVAL VIEW

• MOST KNOWLEDGE CAME FROM BIBLE AND GREEK/ROMAN

SOURCES

• RELIED ON A FEW ANCIENT AUTHORITIES – ARISTOTLE

WHY THE CHANGE?

• RENAISSANCE HUMANISTS MASTERED GREEK AND LATIN

• GAVE THEM NEW ACCESS TO WORKS BY ARCHIMEDES AND PLATO

• SOME PEOPLE DISAGREED WITH ARISTOTLE

WHY THE CHANGE?

• PROBLEMS THAT REQUIRED OBSERVATION – SHIP BUILDING

• INVENTION OF NEW INSTRUMENTS

• PRINTING PRESS – SPREAD IDEAS

THE PTOLEMAIC SYSTEM

• PTOLEMY – GREATEST ASTRONOMER

• PTOLEMAIC SYSTEM – A.K.A. GEOCENTRIC

• GEOCENTRIC – EARTH-CENTERED, SUN, MOON, AND OTHER

PLANETS REVOLVE AROUND THE EARTH

• PLANETS MORE IN RELATION

A REVOLUTIONARY MODEL OF THE UNIVERSE

• THE HELIOCENTRIC THEORY• WIDELY ACCEPTED GEOCENTRIC THEORY CHALLENGED AS

INACCURATE

• NICOLAUS COPERNICUS DEVELOPS THE HELIOCENTRIC THEORY—PLANETS REVOLVE AROUND THE SUN

• LATER SCIENTISTS MATHEMATICALLY PROVE COPERNICUS TO BE CORRECT

NICOLAUS COPERNICUS: HELIOCENTRIC

GALILEO’S DISCOVERIES

•GALILEO’S DISCOVERIES• ITALIAN SCIENTIST GALILEO GALILEI MAKES KEY ADVANCES IN

ASTRONOMY.

• HE MAKES DISCOVERY ABOUT PLANET SURFACES

• SUPPORTS HELIOCENTRIC THEORY

• 4 MOONS OF JUPITER

• SUN SPOTS

CONFLICT WITH THE CHURCH

• CHURCH ATTACKS GALILEO’S WORK, FEARS IT WILL WEAKEN

PEOPLE’S FAITH

• HUMANS NOT AT CENTER OF UNIVERSE – GOD NO LONGER IN

PLACE

• POPE FORCES GALILEO TO DECLARE HIS AND OTHER NEW

FINDINGS WRONG

CRISTIANO BANTI'S 1857 PAINTING GALILEO FACING THE ROMAN INQUISITION

NEWTON’S VIEW OF THE UNIVERSE

• DEFINED THREE LAWS OF MOTION

• UNIVERSAL LAW OF GRAVITY – EVERY OBJECT IN THE UNIVERSE IS

ATTRACTED TO EVERY OTHER OBJECT BY A FORCE CALLED GRAVITY

• LAW COULD EXPLAIN ALL MOTION IN UNIVERSE

• UNIVERSE WAS A UNIFORM MACHINE

• F.Y.I. HE WAS A SMARTY PANTS

BREAKTHROUGHS IN MEDICINE AND CHEMISTRY

• ANDREAS VESALIUS AND WILLIAM HARVEY ADDED TO ANATOMY

• DISSECTED HUMAN BODIES – FOUND HEART WAS CENTER OF CIRCULATION

• DESCRIBED INDIVIDUAL ORGANS

• ROBERT BOYLE – FIRST TO CONDUCT CHEMISTRY

• BOYLE’S LAW – INTERACTION OF VOLUME, TEMPERATURE, AND GAS

PRESSURE

THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD

• SCIENTIFIC METHOD – PROCEDURE FOR COLLECTING AND

ANALYZING EVIDENCE

• CREATED BY FRANCIS BACON – SHOULD LEARN BY INDUCTIVE

REASONING

• INDUCTIVE REASONING – GOING FROM PARTICULAR TO GENERAL;

KNOWLEDGE THROUGH OBSERVATION AND EXPERIMENTATION

INSTRUMENTS

• SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS

• SCIENTISTS DEVELOP

MICROSCOPE, BAROMETER,

AND THERMOMETER

• NEW INSTRUMENTS LEAD

TO BETTER OBSERVATIONS

AND NEW DISCOVERIES