season your lectures with active learning michael j. quinn 1 june 2007
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Season Your LecturesSeason Your Lectureswith Active Learningwith Active Learning
Michael J. QuinnMichael J. Quinn1 June 20071 June 2007
Complete this sentence:Complete this sentence:
Three things I’d like to know about Three things I’d like to know about active learning are active learning are __________________________________..
Structure of This LectureStructure of This Lecture
Critiquing lecturingCritiquing lecturing Defining active learningDefining active learning Implementing active learningImplementing active learning
Listening TeamsListening Teams
QQuestionersuestioners
AAgreersgreers
NNay-sayersay-sayers
EExample-giversxample-givers
II
How come the more I talk How come the more I talk the less my students the less my students
learn?learn?
Advantages of LecturingAdvantages of Lecturing
Spark interestSpark interest Provide unavailable informationProvide unavailable information Convey large amounts of informationConvey large amounts of information Reach large audiencesReach large audiences Model ways of thinkingModel ways of thinking Maintain controlMaintain control Protect studentsProtect students Help auditory learnersHelp auditory learners
Source: Sutherland and Bonwell
Disadvantages of LecturingDisadvantages of Lecturing
Passive studentsPassive students Inadequate feedbackInadequate feedback Flagging attentionFlagging attention Poor retentionPoor retention Burden on lecturerBurden on lecturer Non-auditory learnersNon-auditory learners
Source: Sutherland and Bonwell
As lecture continues, As lecture continues, retention of new material retention of new material
declines.declines.
Source: Johnson, Johnson, and Smith
Retention of New MaterialRetention of New Material
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
First 10 Minutes Last 10 Minutes
Source: McKeachie
Listening TeamsListening Teams
QQuestionersuestioners
AAgreersgreers
NNay-sayersay-sayers
EExample-giversxample-givers
Source: Silberman
FundamentalsFundamentals
1.1. Learning is an active process.Learning is an active process.
2.2. Different people learn in different Different people learn in different ways.ways.
3.3. We often don’t know what we think We often don’t know what we think until we try to say it or write it.until we try to say it or write it.
4.4. Just because you’ve said it doesn’t Just because you’ve said it doesn’t mean they’ve learned it.mean they’ve learned it.
Engage More Parts of BrainEngage More Parts of Brain
Talking and listeningTalking and listening ReadingReading WritingWriting ReflectingReflecting
““When learning is active, When learning is active, students do most of the students do most of the
work” work” [Silberman].[Silberman].
Counter the ObjectionsCounter the Objections
““That’s not how I learned the That’s not how I learned the material.”material.”
““Active learning is great for children, Active learning is great for children, but college students don’t need it.”but college students don’t need it.”
““It’s too slow pacedIt’s too slow paced— I’ll spend a lot — I’ll spend a lot of time watching instead of talking.of time watching instead of talking.””
““I won’t be able to cover all the I won’t be able to cover all the material.”material.”
IIIIII
Fit active learning to your Fit active learning to your needs and personal style.needs and personal style.
Ask Students to...Ask Students to...
Restate informationRestate information Give examplesGive examples Recognize instancesRecognize instances Make connectionsMake connections Apply conceptsApply concepts Predict consequencesPredict consequences State converseState converse
In-class Writing In-class Writing AssignmentsAssignments
Be specific Be specific — ask students to— ask students to analyzeanalyze – compare – compare contrastcontrast – define – define describedescribe – evaluate – evaluate justifyjustify – prove – prove summarizesummarize – synthesize – synthesize
Source: Fulwiler
Learning PartnersLearning Partners
Compare class notesCompare class notes Discuss an exampleDiscuss an example Solve a problemSolve a problem Critique each other’s writingCritique each other’s writing Question partner about readingQuestion partner about reading Recap lectureRecap lecture Develop questions for teacherDevelop questions for teacher Test each otherTest each other
More ExamplesMore Examples
Pop quiz (manual or electronic)Pop quiz (manual or electronic) Response cards (anonymous)Response cards (anonymous) WhipsWhips Games (Family Feud or Jeopardy)Games (Family Feud or Jeopardy) Complete outline of lectureComplete outline of lecture
Complete this sentence:Complete this sentence:
Three different ways I can Three different ways I can add active learning to my add active learning to my
lectures are lectures are ________________________________..
ReferencesReferences
1.1. Fulwiler, T. Fulwiler, T. Teaching with WritingTeaching with Writing. Boynton/Cook. 1987.. Boynton/Cook. 1987.2.2. Holt, J. Holt, J. How Children LearnHow Children Learn. Pitman. 1967.. Pitman. 1967.3.3. Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., and Smith, K. A. Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., and Smith, K. A. Active Learning: Active Learning:
Cooperation in the College ClassroomCooperation in the College Classroom. Interaction Book . Interaction Book Company. 1991.Company. 1991.
4.4. McKeachie, W. McKeachie, W. Teaching Tips: A Guidebook for the Beginning Teaching Tips: A Guidebook for the Beginning College TeacherCollege Teacher. D. C. Heath. 1986.. D. C. Heath. 1986.
5.5. Meyers, C., and Jones, T. B. Meyers, C., and Jones, T. B. Promoting Active Learning: Promoting Active Learning: Strategies for the College ClassroomStrategies for the College Classroom. Jossey-Bass. 1993.. Jossey-Bass. 1993.
6.6. Pollio, H. R. “What Students Think About and Do in College Pollio, H. R. “What Students Think About and Do in College Lecture Classes.” Teaching-Learning Issues No. 53. University of Lecture Classes.” Teaching-Learning Issues No. 53. University of Tennessee. 1984.Tennessee. 1984.
7.7. Silberman, M. Silberman, M. Active Learning: 101 Strategies to Teach Any Active Learning: 101 Strategies to Teach Any SubjectSubject. Allyn and Bacon. 1996.. Allyn and Bacon. 1996.
8.8. Sutherland, T. E., and Bonwell, C. C. Sutherland, T. E., and Bonwell, C. C. Using Active Learning in Using Active Learning in College Classes: A Range of Options for FacultyCollege Classes: A Range of Options for Faculty. Jossey-Bass. . Jossey-Bass. 1996.1996.
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