seattle strongloop node.js workshop

Shubhra Kar | Products & Education twitter:@shubhrakar

{“Node.js”: “APIs @hyperscale”}

About me

u  J2EE and SOA architect

u  Performance architect

u  Node, mBaaS & APIs

These guys sent me !

Bert Belder

Ben Noordhuis

Node/io core

Raymond Feng

Ritchie Martori

LoopBack & Express core

Sam Roberts

Miroslav Bajtos

Ryan Graham

Buzzwords

Websites

Smart Mobiles

Online Catalog

Social Media

Kiosks

Computers

Physical Store

Gaming Consoles

No IO bottlenecks Highly Concurrent

Very Fast JIT compiled

Node.js is emerging as the answer

Reduce infrastructure by 5X Scalable

Lightweight, JS back and front, Headless Full stack

Write and maintain 50% lesser code Simple

Suited for mobile and IoT Evented & JSON

Biggest OSS community on the planet Ecosystem

Multi Threaded Server

Node.js Server

Integration needs to be lighter and isomorphic !

REST/JSON X - Platform

Relational Database Clustered Database Security Gateway Cloud Firewall SOA Bus ( not sure on this one)

Laptop ( not requested but useful)

Connections

Tablet Phone IoT SDK API SERVER Items for ACL

Quick Example of Use

App Server Add On

App Server

Connections

App Server Add On

App Server

X - Backend

Legacy to front edge can be fast and simple !

Proof in the Pudding

1000 10000

Back-end response (ms)

StrongLoop’s Node.js Solution vs. 5 leading competitive integration solutions Fortune 25 financial services customer evaluation in October 2014 "

leading competitor closest competitor

Nodies are not just Silicon Valley hipsters !

Getting Started Tips for

Converts

Ruby vs. Node

  RVM == NVM –  Everything is kept neatly in your user home directory. –  You can easily have multiple versions at the same time.

  GEM == NPM –  $ npm install [PACKAGE NAME] –  node_modules (global and local)

Gemfile == package.json   bundle install == $ npm install

$response = file_get_contents("http://example.com"); print_r($response); var http = require('http'); http.request({ hostname: 'example.com' }, function(res) { res.setEncoding('utf8’); res.on('data', function(chunk) { console.log(chunk); }); }).end();

Java vs. advanced node framework - Loopback   https://strongloop.com/strongblog/node-js-java-getting-started/

  Beer REST API in Java on JBoss –  Creating the pom.xml (LOC = 54) –  Creating beans.xml and setting servlet mapping (LOC=10) –  Creating DBConnection class (LOC = 35) –  Importing data into MongoDB (LOC = 1) –  Creating Beer model object (LOC = 24) –  Creating the REST service (LOC = 48) –  Bask in the Joy

Total LOC = 172, Server Install, Mongo Tools, etc… Experience = sweaty

  Beer REST API in Node on Loopback

LOC = None (boilerplate scaffold), 10 config lines, Experience = priceless

No I am serious

  JVM != V8 Bytecode = JIT compilation   Package library = module JaxRS = remoting   EJB = microservice   Controller = router   Java Model Class = JSON Model

Big Picture?

Evolution is inevitable !

Web SaaS Mobile IoT

Frameworks evolve as well !

•  Callback •  Reactor •  Observer

•  Express •  HAPI •  Restify •  Total •  Partial

•  Loopback •  Parse •  Meteor •  Feedhenry*

•  Loopback •  Sails •  Meteor •  Geddy

•  Loopback •  NodeRED •  Proprietary

KISS MVC

MBaaS ORM/ MEAN

Micro/ loT

Pattern 0: Natal patterns

Philosophy: KISS (Keep It Simple Stupid) u  small core u  small modules u  small surface area

Patterns u  reactor u  callback u  module u  observer

Pattern 1: Convention

HTTP Server Library REST HTTP Library

Simple MVC Structure

Pros and Cons

Express DIY HTTP Routing, Middleware, Templating Simple Web Apps Github Stars – 19K Commercial Support - StrongLoop CLI App Generator Export API definition with strong-remoting Connect/Express middleware extensions Vast Ecosystem and low learning curve StrongLoop DevOps tooling support Manual CRUD endpoints Manual recursive refactoring/testing No Data source Support No Client SDK No ACL (Fine Authorization)

Restify DIY Simplicity, Rest Routing Simple REST API Github Stars – 3K Commercial Support - Joyent Yeoman Generator SPDY Support Dtrace Support No export of API definition No Data source Support No Extensions of significance Manual CRUD endpoints Manual recursive refactoring/testing Limited Ecosystem No ACL (Fine Authorization)

Router in

Express

Router in

Restify

Pattern 2: Configuration

HTTP Server Framework

Hapi Opinionated Modularity, Security, HTTP Server control Complex Web Apps, APIs Github Stars – 4K Commercial Support - None Yeoman Generator No export of API definition Hapi Plugins – Joi, bell, bassmaster, etc Limited ecosystem as compared to Express; but does support templates with plugins Swagger support for API documentation Very limited Data source support – Mongo, Postgres, leveldb No Client SDK No ACL (Fine Authorization)

Router in

Pattern 3 : Full Stack JS à lends into pattern 4

{“..”} JSON is the new first class citizen

Pattern 4: ORM & Isomorphic JS

u  Model Driven Development u  Any data source u  Isomorphic JS

u  Omni-Channel u  Share Models (Client/Server)

u  Loopback & Meteor u  Automatic REST API generation, routing, etc u  Common Weakness : Higher Learning Curve

Sails Opinionated Web MVC framework WebApps, API Rails familiarity, MVC Github Stars – 10 K (older) Commercial Support - None Yeoman Generator StrongLoop DevOps tooling support No export of API definition Limited data sources – MySQL, Mongo, Postgresql, memory/file No Extensions of significance Limited Ecosystem No ACL (Fine Authorization) No Client SDKs

Pros and Cons

Loopback Opinionated API framework Complex Web Apps and APIs Modularity, Scaffolding, Enterprise Connectivity Github Stars – 4 K (newer) Commercial Support - StrongLoop CLI Code Generator, Visual API composer, API explorer Export API definition Extensions like Push, File Storage, Passport, Oauth 2.0, Express Middleware Vast Connector ecosystem and extend express Auto CRUD Swagger UI and Code Generator DataSources like Mongo, mySQL, Oracle, SOAP, REST, SQLServer, Memory/File, Postgresql, Email, ATG, Couchbase, Apache Kafka, and many more Client SDK – Angular, Browser, IOS, Android, Node.js Mature ACL (Fine Authorization), API Gateway

Pros and Cons

ORM in Loopback.io

Sub-pattern : Schema Discovery

Isomorphic JS in Loopback.io

JS client

JS Server

Remoting

Router & Swagger

in Loopback

Router using Sails

mobile/web clients

social & analytics

JSON API

API XML SQL

SOAP Etc.

Mobile API tier

Enterprise

Pattern 5: mBaaS

mBaaS could be on cloud or premises

u  Closed Source / Commercial

u  Open Source Key API u  Push Notification u  Geo Location u  Offline Sync u  Storage u  User Management u  Metering, Analytics u  Native SDK u  Isomorphic JS

GeoLocation in Loopback.io

Push Notification in Loopback.io

Storage Service in Loopback.io

Wait …what is this API Gateway thingy then ?

Synchronous API “Re-Composition” is an anti-pattern

Security & Social Logins

Why not an async API Gateway* ? Pattern 6

API Clients API Gateway API Server

*Releasing in a sprint !

Internet of Everything

The devices are taking over !!!

Microsecond latencies are the norm

API “Decomposition” is the game changer

{JSON} {JSON}

{JSON}

<TABLE>

Web SaaS Mobile loT

HTML JSON

App Server API Server

Pattern 7: Micro-services (Design Time)

Client SDK

REST Endpoints

Store Cache

API Micro Services

One URL Space

SL API PaaS REST/JSON

API Gateway

Router Remoting Model

API Orchestrator

Cloud Services

Connector

Connectors

Now I know !!!

StrongLoop – node.js Development to Production

Build and Deploy

Automate Lifecycle

Performance Metrics

Real-time production monitoring

Profiler Root cause

CPU & Memory API Composer Visual modeling

StrongLoop Arc

Process Manager

Scale applications"

Q2 2015

Mesh Deploy

containerized

ORM, mBaaS, Realtime

Loopback: Open Source nirvana (mBaaS, ORM, Micro)

REST API

GEO OFF SYNC

DEVICE

USER FILE

API GATEWAY

Channel SDKs

API ENGINE

CONNECTORs

Connections

App Server Add On

App Server

Connections

App Server Add On

App Server

Connections

App Server Add On

App Server

Connections

App Server Add On

App Server

Data and Services

Remoting

Pub-Sub

Data & Services Integration

Services

Connections

App Server Add On

App Server

Storage

Connections

App Server Add On

App Server

Messaging

Database

Marquee - Discovery & Migration !

Mobile Backend Services

Offline Sync

Geo Location

Push Notification

Storage

SDKs, Isomorphic JS, Offline Sync & Replication

JS client

JS Server

Remoting

JS client Replication

Developer SDKs

Pub-Sub

JS client

JS Server

Remoting

JS client Replication

HTTP Proxy

Pub-Sub Repos

strong-pubsub (Client = require(‘strong-pubsub’)) strong-pubsub-proxy strong-pubsub-mqtt strong-pubsub-redis strong-pubsub-connection-mqtt strong-pubsub-primus (browser)

Pub-Sub architecture

API Explorer (Swagger) – Iterative build and test w/o frontend

Right interface for the right user

  Arc UI – architect view –  Widget driven –  Visual composition,

management & operations –  Marquee featured, evolving

platform

  StrongLoop Console (slc) - developer view –  Command Line Interface –  Full featured –  Greater customization

support

Runtime Capabilities

Debugging

Debugging server side clustered apps

slc debug app.js

Debugging single process

slc debug app.js http://localhost:8080/debug?port=<5858+ID-of-process>

Debugging clustered process in V11

%node debug –p <PID> connecting…ok … debug>quit %node-inspector http://127.0.0.1:8080/debug?port =5858 Or process._debugPort = 5858 + cluster.worker.id

Debugging clustered process in V10

Memory Leaks ?

How does GC work

  Concept of reachability.   Roots: Reachable or in live scope objects   Include objects referenced from anywhere in the call stack (all local variables and

parameters in the functions currently being invoked), and any global variables.   Objects are kept in memory while accessible from roots through a reference or a

chain of references.   Root objects are pointed directly from V8 or the Web browser like DOM elements   Garbage collector identifies dead memory regions/unreachable objects through a

chain of pointers from a live object; reallocates or releases them to the OS

Easy right ? Hell No !!! Pause and then Stop the World

V8 essentially:   stops program execution when

performing a garbage collection cycle.   processes only part of the object heap

in most garbage collection cycles. This minimizes the impact of stopping the application.

  Accurately keeps all objects and pointers in memory. This avoids falsely identifying objects as pointers which can result in memory leaks.

  In V8, the object heap is segmented into many parts; hence If an object is moved in a garbage collection cycle, V8 updates all pointers to the object.

Short, Full GC and some algorithms to know

V8 divides the heap into two generations: Short GC/scavenging

Objects are allocated in “new-space” (between 1 and 8 MB). Allocation in new space is very cheap; increment an allocation pointer when we want to reserve space for a new object. When the pointer reaches the end of new space, a scavenge (minor garbage collection cycle) is triggered, quickly removing dead objects from new space.

  large space overhead, since we need physical memory backing both to-space and from-space.

  Fast by design, hence using for short GC cycles. Acceptable if new space is small – a few Mbs

Full GC/mark-sweep & mark-compact Objects which have survived two minor garbage collections are promoted to “old-space.” Old-space is garbage collected in full GC (major garbage collection cycle), which is much less frequent. A full GC cycle is triggered based on a memory threshold

  To collect old space, which may contain several hundred megabytes of data, we use two closely related algorithms, Mark-sweep and Mark-compact.

New Algorithm implementation

Incremental marking & lazy sweeping   In mid-2012, Google introduced two improvements that reduced garbage

collection pauses significantly: incremental marking and lazy sweeping.   Incremental marking means being able to do a bit of marking work, then let the

mutator (JavaScript program) run a bit, then do another bit of marking work.   Short pauses in the order of 5-10 ms each as an example for marking.   Threshold based. At every alloc execution is paused to perform an incremental

marking step.

  Lazy sweep cleans up set of objects at time eventually cleaning all pages.

Analyze, Analyze, Analyze

heapdump for V8 snapshots by StrongLoop

npm install heapdump   Add to app : var heapdump = require(‘heapdump’)

  Method 1 : writeSnapshot

  Method 2 : SIGUSR2 (Unix only)

  Make sure your directory is writable

var heapdump = require('heapdump') ... heapdump.writeSnapshot()

kill –USR2 <pid>

process.chdir('/path/to/writeable/dir’)

heapdump for V8 snapshots by StrongLoop

  Programmatic heap snapshots (timer based)

  Programmatic heap snapshots (threshold based)

var heapdump = require('heapdump') ... setInterval(function () { heapdump.writeSnapshot() }, 6000 * 30) (1)

var heapdump = require('heapdump') var nextMBThreshold = 0 (1) setInterval(function () { var memMB = process.memoryUsage().rss / 1048576 (2) if (memMB > nextMBThreshold) { (3) heapdump.writeSnapshot() nextMBThreshold += 100 } }, 6000 * 2) (4)

Simpler – slc arc and remote profiling

CPUs smoke too !

CPU profiler : slc cpu-start/stop or just slc arc

How we fixed a real production problem

Performance 1 on 1: Don’t Block the EventLoop

Blocked event loop in Meteor Atmosphere

  node-fibers implements co-routines. Meteor uses this to hack local thread storage allowing V8 to run multiple execution contexts each mapped to a co-routine.

FindOrAllocatePerThreadDataForThisThread() used in switching context between co-routines

  Co-routines are cooperative; the current coroutine has to yield control before another one can

run and that is what Meteor does in its process.nextTick() callback; it essentially builds concurrent (but not parallel) green threads on a round-robin scheduler

  Too many tiny tasks and not one long running one was blocking the event loop

process.nextTick() has a failsafe mechanism where it will process “x” tick callbacks before deferring the remaining ones to the next event loop tick.

  Native MongoDB driver disabled the failsafe to silence a warning message in node v0.10 about

maxtickDepth being reached

ticks parent name 2274 7.3% v8::internal::Isolate::FindOrAllocatePerThreadDataForThisThread() 1325 58.3% LazyCompile: ~<anonymous> packages/meteor.js:683 1325 100.0% LazyCompile: _tickCallback node.js:399

The solution   The workaround: switch fromprocess.nextTick() to setImmediate()

Deep Transaction Tracing

Real time Production Monitoring

3rd Party Metrics integration

•  Arc •  Graphite •  Splunk •  Datadog •  CA APM •  Sumologic

Build & Deploy

Horizontal and Vertical Scaling with Process Manager

Micro services scaling

Hyper-scale & Micro-services Deployment

First there was Node

Thank you!

JUST WIN,BABY!

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