second green revolution in tamil nadu · joint director of agriculture , department of agriculture...
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GOTN
WARM WELCOME
Tamil Nadu Agriculture Department
SECOND GREEN REVOLUTION IN TAMIL NADUS. Santhanagopalakrishnan
Joint Director of Agriculture , Department of AgricultureGovernment of Tamil Nadu
GOTN
Over view of Tamil Nadu 11 th largest State
6% of National population
4% Land area
3% of water resources
surface water potential - 853 TMC
Water potential Tapped
Almost entire surface water potential
86 % of Ground water potential tapped
ground water recharge potential - 790 TMC
dry sub-humid to semi arid tropical climate
uni-model rainfall pattern- mainly NEM
• ( For Agricultural activity)
maximum threats during the NEM
-tropical cyclones &
associated storm surges
64% of the total area - drought prone
Deficient Monsoon
-occurs once in every 3 years
worst monsoon deficiency - tend to
spread over for 2 -3 years
Second most water starved state
Average land holding is 0.80 ha
92% of the farmers - small and
marginal
Extensive coastline
2
GOTN
AGRO CLIMATIC ZONES IN TAMIL NADU
S. No
Zone Districts
1. North EasternKanchipuram, Tiruvallur, Cuddalore,
Villupuram, Vellore, Tiruvannamalai
2. North WesternDharmapuri, Krishnagiri, Salem,
Namakkal(part)
3. Western
Erode, Coimbatore, Tirupur, Theni, Karur
(part), Namakkal (part), Dindigul,Perambalur
and Ariyalur (part)
4.Cauvery Delta
Zone (CDZ)
Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur,
Tiruchirapalli, and parts of Karur, Ariyalur,
Pudukottai and Cuddalore
5. Southern
Madurai, Pudukottai, Sivagangai,
Ramanathapuram, Virudhunagar, Tirunelveli
and Thoothukudi
6. High Rainfall Kanyakumari
7.Hilly and High
AltitudeNilgiris, Dindigul (Kodaikanal)
GOTN
AGRICULTURE SCENARIO Geographical area - 13.033 M.ha. {328.7 M ha.}
Gross area sown - 5.897 M.ha.(45%) {192.2 M.ha.- 58.5%}
Net area sown - 4.714 M.ha.(36%){140.02 M.ha.- 42.6%}
Gross Area Irrigated - 3.311 M.ha (56%) {86.42 M.ha.- 45%}
Net Area Irrigated - 2.679 M.ha (57%) {63.26 M.ha.- 45%}
Rainfed - 2.586 M. ha (44%) {76.76 M.ha.-55%}
• Average Rainfall - 921 mm – {National -1200mm}
• No. of land holdings - 8.118 Million {National -137.7 Million}
Average size of holding- 0.80 Ha. {National -1.15 ha.}
SF/MF - 92% (operating 61% area) {85% operating 44.3%}
Other Farmers- 8% (operating 39%area) {15% operating 55.7%}
Food Grain Prodn. (2013-14) – 11.00 MMT {257.44 MMT}
LAND USE PATTERN
Forest-16.3%
Barren & Unculturable land, 3.7%
Land put to non-agrl
use, 16.8%
Culturable waste, 2.5%
Permanent Pastures,
0.8%Misc. tree
crops, 1.9%
Current Fallow,
8.6%
Other fallows,
13.2%
Net cropped Area, 36.2%
GOTN
RAINFALL DISTRIBUTION & SOURCES OF IRRIGATION
31.3 (3%)
127.9(14%)
321.3 (35%)
440.4 (48%)
Normal Rainfall (mm)
Winter (Jan - Feb)
Summer (Mar - May)
South West Monsoon (June - Sep)
North East Monsoon (Oct - Dec)
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
CanalTanks Borewells
OpenwellsOthers
24.4
14.117.3
44.0
0.2
Area in %SOURCES OF IRRIGATION
Net Area irrigated : 2.679 M. Ha. (57%)
Net Area sown : 4.714 M.Ha.
Season
2014 2015 ( Up to 07.10.2015)
Normal
Rainfall
Actual
Rainfall
Deviati
on (%)
Normal
Rainfall
Actual
Rainfall
Deviati
on (%)
Winter
(Jan-Feb)31.30 13.80 (-) 56 31.30 10.90 (-)65
Summer
(Mar-May)128.00 157.20 (+) 23 128.00 241.30 (+)89
South West
Monsoon
(June-Sep)321.20 305.50 (-) 5 321.30 286.50 (-)11
North East
Monsoon
(Oct-Dec)440.40 430.30 (-) 2 35.40 49.20
(+)39
Total 920.90 906.80 (-) 2
GOTN
CROPPING PATTERN
Crop Season
Normal
Area
(M.Ha)
Paddy
AG
RIC
UL
TU
RE
CR
OP
S
Kar / Kuruvai / Sornavari (Apr –July)
1.775Samba/ Thaladi/Pishanam (Aug – Oct)
Navarai / Kodai (Nov – Feb)
Millets Jowar, Cumbu, Ragi, Maize & Minor Millets
Kharif
(Apr – Sep)
Rabi
(Oct- Mar)
0.699
PulsesRedgram, Blackgram, Greengram, Horsegram, Bengal
gram, Cowpea & Other Pulses 0.634
OilseedsGroundnut, Gingelly, Sunflower, Castor,Coconut and
Oilpalm0.438
Cotton 0.129
Sugarcane 0.324
Coconut 4.428(78%) 0.429
Vegetables
HO
RT
ICU
LT
U
RE
CR
OP
S 0.235
Fruits 0.400
Spices and Condiments 0.156
Other non-Food Crops 1.222(22%) 0.431
Total crop area 5.650
GOTN
GOAL Increasing the productivity by bridging the present yield gap to bring Second Green
Revolution-Aiming 17 million MT of food grain production by 12th FYP end
Diversifying the cultivation in favour of high value horticulture and commercial crops
while ensuring the food and nutritional security.
Promoting hi-tech agriculture, supplying quality inputs in time through SPV created
and promoting farmers participation in agri-business ventures.
Strengthening research and extension service through ICT enabled extension and
Inter-linking FCMS with AMI&BPC for market led agriculture to realize better
income by all 8.1 million farm families in Tamil Nadu
Bringing 2 million ha. of fallow lands under agriculture and horticulture
Improving the economic status of the farmers by increasing the productivity and
income by extending IFS on whole district saturation approach
GOTN
TAMIL NADU POSITION AT ALL INDIA LEVEL
CropAll India Average
Yield (Kg/ha)National level (Kg/ha)
Rice 2424 3rd (3100)
Maize 2583 1st (5450)
Total Pulses 764 14th (500)
Total Oilseeds 1153 1st (2382)
Groundnut 1750 1st (2813)
Sunflower 791 3rd (1506)
Sugarcane (MT) 70 2nd (97)
Cotton 532 4th(612 )
Source: 4th Advance Estimates of 2013-14 - Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Dept. of Agriculture & Cooperation, GOI
GOTN
APPROACHES TO MAKE SECOND GREEN REVOLUTION, A REALITY
Individual
farm
holding
AMI & BPC
Cold Storage and ripening
chambers
Pack house
Agri-business centres
Terminal markets
SEZ
Publicity & Propaganda
Village campaigns
Demonstrations
Farmers Integrated Hand
Book
Farmers Guide booklet
Farmers Mass Contact
Programme
FCMS
ICT tools
Instant e-Advisory
Exposure visit
Farmers Hub
Mass Media – Community
Radio Stations
Extension Support
Special schemes
SRI,SPI- Whole Village concept,
Redgram transplantation
PF, SSI, Micro Irrigation
Quality inputs
Increasing cropping intensity
Bringing fallow lands to cultivation
Dry land farming
Organic farming
Seed villages
Integrated Farming System (IFS)
Protected cultivation
Peri-metro vegetable production
Diversification to High value crops
Farm implements for hiring / 50 %
subsidy
Production Support
Market & Infra structure
Covering 8.118 million
farm holdings
GOTN
S. No. Year Area(M.Ha.) Prodn.(M.MT)
1. 2006-2007 3.166 8.264
2. 2007-2008 3.097 6.582
3. 2008-2009 3.192 7.101
4. 2009-2010 3.034 7.505
5. 2010-2011 3.174 7.594
6. 2011-2012* 3.209 10.152
7. 2012-2013 2.648 5.605
8. 2013-2014 ** 3.475 11.002
9. 2014-2015 (4th Advance Estimate) 3.741 12.796
102015-16 – Programme
4.400 14.700
(*) Krishi Karman Award for Highest Food Grain Production in the country
(**) Krishi Karman Award for Highest Pulses Production in the country
Year wise Area & Production
GOTN
Area , Production & Productivity – 2014-15
Crop Area
(M.Ha.)
Production (M.MT) Productivity
(kg/Ha)
Target IV Adv
Est
Target IV Adv
Est
Target IV Adv
Est
Rice 2.100 1.830 9.20 7.91 4381 4325
Millets 1.200 0.971 4.50 4.16 3750 4289
Pulses 1.100 0.940 0.80 0.72 727 769
Total food grains 4.400 3.741 14.50 12.79
Oilseeds 0.660 0.419 1.50 0.97 2273 2322
Cotton (M . Bales) 0.170 0.187 0.67 0.63 670 570
Sugarcane (MT) 0.360 0.263 40.0 24.46 111 93
Total 5.590 4.610
GOTN
Weather proofing
• “Weather proofing in agriculture refers to thestrategies
for increasing the capacity of the farmersto maintain the net area sown and
sustaining the crops productivity evenunder extreme weather situationsincluding drought, flood, cyclone, etc.”
Ensurining 4.2 million hectares of land
under food grain in Tamil Nadu
Sustaining minimum 12.5 million tons
of food grain production in any of the
years
Actionable point
• Providing knowledge on
full range of crops to be planted,
inputs to be used and practices to befollowed,
contingent plans for expectedweather condition,
Providing weather advisories for theemerging weather situation and
Prepare the farmers to executemanagement decisions at short notice
GOTN
Particulars El-Nino La-Nina Normal All years
Mean Rainfall 268.9 344.8 313.1 308.3
% deviation in Rainfall -12.8 11.8 1.6 0
% of years with 0 to + 10% deviation 17.24 10.52 15.05 14.89
% of years with 0 to - 10% deviation 17.24 26.31 19.35 19.85
% of years with <-10% deviation 55.17 15.78 32.25 34.75
% of years with > +10% deviation 10.34 47.36 33.3 30.49
Performance of SWM rainfall during El-Nino and La-Nina years
-70-60-50-40-30-20-10
0102030405060708090
1871
1873
1875
1877
1879
1881
1883
1885
1887
1889
1891
1893
1895
1897
1899
1901
1903
1905
1907
1909
1911
1913
1915
1917
1919
1921
1923
1925
1927
1929
1931
1933
1935
1937
1939
1941
1943
1945
1947
1949
1951
1953
1955
1957
1959
1961
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
% r
ain
fall d
ev
iati
on
Southwest Monsoon rainfall anomaly in Tamil Nadu (1871 – 2011)
Climate Trend based on long period data
Source: Geethalakshmi et al, 2013
GOTN
Impact of El-Nino on Southwest Monsoon Rainfall in Tamil
nadu
• El-Nino is one among the 8 most important parameters used for predicting SWM rainfall• There were 29 El-Nino years within 1871 – 2011• Out of that 16 years had deficit rainfall (55 %) , 8 years had normal rainfall (28 %)and 3 years had excess rainfall (1%)• El-Nino years had shortened length of growing period during the SWM season• There may be delay in onset of SW monsoon • Uneven distribution of rainfall is also expected• There is a possibility of reduced inflow to the dams • There is also possibility for terminal season drought
• Tamil nadu gets only 34.3 % of its annual rainfall from SWM
• SWM effectively covers only five districts, Krishnagiri, Dharmapuri, Salem, Kanyakumari and Nilgiris
• Rest of the districts are mainly benefited from NEM.
Source: Geethalakshmi et al, 2013
GOTN
Performance of NEM rainfall during El-Nino and La-Nina yearsParticulars El-Nino La-Nina Normal All years
MeanRainfall (NEM) 489.0 361.1 469.3 458.8
% deviation in Rainfall 6.592 -21.290 2.286 0.000
% of years with 0 to + 10% deviation 13.79 10.5 15.05 14.18
% of years with 0 to - 10% deviation 6.89 26.3 7.53 9.93
% of years with <-10% deviation 31.03 63.2 37.63 39.72
% of years with > +10% deviation 48.28 0.0 39.78 36.17
-70-60-50-40-30-20-10
0102030405060708090
1871
1873
1875
1877
1879
1881
1883
1885
1887
1889
1891
1893
1895
1897
1899
1901
1903
1905
1907
1909
1911
1913
1915
1917
1919
1921
1923
1925
1927
1929
1931
1933
1935
1937
1939
1941
1943
1945
1947
1949
1951
1953
1955
1957
1959
1961
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
% r
ain
fall d
ev
iati
on
North East Monsoon rainfall anomaly in Tamil Nadu (1871-2011)
Source: Geethalakshmi et al, 2013
GOTN
Impact of El-Nino on North East Monsoon Rainfall in Tamil NaduRainfall anomaly during NEMfor El Nino years
Productivity of rice crop(Kgha-1 )as influenced by ENSO in Cauvery basin in NEM season
• There were 29 El-Nino years within 1871 – 2011• Out of that, 20 years had normal / excess rainfall
(70 %) and 9 years had deficit rainfall (30 %)• El-Nino years had extended length of growing
period in the NEM season• Highest rice productivity was observed during El-
Nino years
Source: Geethalakshmi et al, 2013
GOTN
Maintenance of meteorological observational network for collection of data on real
time basis and ensure information flow
Integrating the data flow from all the weather stations with different departments
Creation of weather information databank with past and real time weather data,
historical drought / flood / cyclonic events, their location specific impacts and
designing future action plans for mitigation
Creation of facilities and building the human capacity for improving the accuracy of
weather prediction / early warning
Formation of technical working group involving scientists from relevant Departments
and other stakeholders for weather monitoring and forecasting
Strategy A: Weather monitoring and prediction
GOTN
Analysis of climate risks
Identification of management options based on
local conditions
Development of advisories based on crop,
historical climate data, current season weather
conditions and seasonal climate forecast
Communication nodal point for facilitating
dissemination of information to the farmers for
initiating mitigation actions
Strategy B : Climate risk assessment at district level
Assessment of existing agricultural information and knowledge flow at district level
Major Activities• preparing inventory of the
existing agricultural information flow by the institutions.
• identify the needs of the different stakeholders
• develop options to overcome the challenges
• identify technology intervention needed and
• interlink them for sharing agricultural knowledge and emerging weather information with stakeholders.
Establishment of a consortium to operate the WAN
-Major Activities
- identify partners-
Departments/
institutions -
(knowledge generators,
content developers and
information
disseminators) for WAN
at district level
Developing adaption tool suited tosustain the crop productivity amidstchanging climate at district levelMajor Activitiesidentify climate resilient technologies for
major crops using crop simulationmodels
Documentation of indigenousadaptation and mitigation optionspracticed by the community to managethe weather extremes and assessing itssignificance
Documentation of climate resilienttechnologies from other major projectsand testing its validity for application inthe location
develop a location specific adaptation &mitigation tool for ensuring foodsecurity to cope with changing climaticconditions
INTERVENTION 1 INTERVENTION 2 INTERVENTION 3Strategy C: Establishment of Weather Advisory Network (WAN) for information sharing
GOTN
Strategy D:
Evolving location specific cropping pattern in harmony with
weather, crop water demand and supply
• District / Block wise contingency plans for
major crops
for three different situations
• Normal rainfall year
• Excess rainfall year
• Deficit rainfall year
• Multi disciplinary action
GOTN
FARM CROP MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
• Increasing the farmers income by Micro level farm
based planning
• Providing integrated services at the door steps for• On-farm technical assistance
• Crop advisories,
• Information on input availability,
• Credit and other essential farm requirements
• Market linkages
IT Gadgets used in FCMS
– 2319 Tablet PCs to the field staff to collect field data
– 125 All-in-one Touch Screen Kiosks for virtual
extension at Block level (6 pilot districts)
– 174 Pico Mini Projectors for technology dissemination
GOTN
• FARM CROP MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (FCMS)
Milestones in FCMS
• 72 lakh farmers baseline information
collected
• 67.45 lakh individual soil samples
analysed and results declared
• Individual farm-wise crop Plan
developed for 6 pilot districts
• FIHB distributed to 67.45 lakh farmers
• Agro voice advisories delivered
• Customised and location specific text
SMS on technology scheme, weather
forecast and market trend given to
farmers – Pushed by Block Level
Extension Functionaries -
Stands Secondat all India Level
Text SMS
VOICE ADVISORYVoice Advisory
GOTN23
THANKS
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