section 16.4 daily life during the war

Section 16.4Daily Life During the

War

By: Clare Johnson, Lauren Bartosz, Grania O’Flaherty, Nicole Budzynski, Clare Southworth, and Mia Ullmer

http://www.superhypeblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/lincoln_emancipation.jpg

Emancipation Proclamation

o African Americans were at the heart of the nation’s struggle• Abolitionists wanted Lincoln to free the

slaveso Emancipation- the freeing of slaves• Lincoln did not believe he had the

constitutional power to enforce it• Lincoln worried about effects

Clare Southworth

Clare Southworth

Northerner’s Opinions of Emancipation:

•Democratic Party (included many laborers)- opposed in fear of freed slaves would take jobs•Abolitionists- argued war would be pointless if didn’t free

slaves• Lincoln’s government- worried that this would anger voters &

loosing support for war• Secretary of War Edwin Stanton- agreed with Lincoln to make

war •Wanted slaves to be recruited into army Mia Ullmer

Flier used to recruit African American Soldiers:

http://www.pslweb.org/liberationnews/assets/images/content/boston-newspaper.jpeg

Mia Ullmer

New Soldiers• African American

soldiers:• Massachusetts

Infantry• Company E of the 4th

U.S. Colored infantry• Fought proudly- felt it

was first sign of independence

Mia Ullmerhttp://www.civilwaracademy.com/images/Black-Soldiers.jpg

Lincoln & The Emancipation Proclamation:

•1862- Lincoln wrote the Emancipation Proclamation •Order to free Confederate slaves•Military order to free slaves controlled in Confederacy

Mia Ullmer

No Immediate Effect:•Impossible for Federal govt. to enforce proclamation in rebelled states•Did not stop slavery in border states•Federal govt. still had power to enforce it

•Impact more symbolic then realMia Ullmer

Powerful Position Before War:•Lincoln- wanted to be in strong position in war•Then would announce plan•The Battle of Antietam gave him victory he needed•Emancipation Proclamation- issued on September 22, 1862

Went to effect on January 1, 1863 Mia Ullmer

Reaction to the Proclamation

o January 1, 1863- African Americans were free• African Americans gave thanks• Abolitionists rejoiced

o William Lloyd Garrison was quick to note that slavery continued to exist• Especially in the South

Clare Southworth

Reaction to the Proclamation (Cont.)

o Proclamation encouraged slaves to escape when Union troops came near• Union troops protected them and hid

themo The loss of slaves crippled the South’s

ability to wage warClare Southworth

Abraham Lincolno 1809-1865o Was born in Kentuckyo Went to school for less than a year and

taught himself lawo Against slaveryo Helped lead the nation through the Civil

Waro Killed by John Wilkes Booth at age 56

Clare Southworth

Clare Southworth http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Abraham_Lincoln_November_1863.jpg

African Americans Participate in the War

Grania O.

AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE WAR

•African Americans volunteered in the war•Not all whites were ready to accept them•Frederick Douglass thought this would help the gain rights•July 1862-Congress allowed Africans to join the union army in South Carolina

GRANIA O’FLAHERTY

AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE WAR

•Only contrabands - escaped slaves were allowed to serve• About 180,000 free slaves joined •The would receive $10 a month•White men would receive $13 a monthGRANIA O’FLAHERTY

54th MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY •54TH Massachusetts infantry- mostly free Africans. July 1863 this regiment led heroic charge on South Carolina’s Fort Wagner •There were huge casualties because the attack failed •Half of the regiment was killed, wounded or captured

GRANIA O’FLAHERTY

54th MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY

• The bravery of the 54th regiment made it most celebrated African American unit• African Americans faced special horrors on the battlefield • Confederates often sold or killed there black captives • Lincoln rewarded the Africans in the 1864 electionGRANIA O’FLAHERTY

FORT WANGER • July 16 1863, the first time the 54th Massachusetts infancy is put into action •They attack Morris island in South Carolina •Losing 45 men •Few days later they attack Fort Wagner with a disappointing loss

GRANIA O’FLAHERTY

PRIMARY SOURCE:LETTERJune 23, 1863

Joseph E. Williams, an African American soldier and recruiter from Pennsylvania, wrote this letter describing why African Americans fought for the Union.

“We are now determined to hold every step which has been offered to us as citizens of the United States for our elevation [benefit], which represent justice, the purity, the truth, and aspiration [hope] of heaven. We must learn deeply to realize the duty, the moral and political necessity for the benefit of our race… Every consideration of honor, of interest, and of duty to God and man, requires that we should be true to our trust.”

—quoted in A Grand Army of Black Men, edited by Edwin S. Redkey GRANIA O’FLAHERTY

NEW SOLDIERS

GRANIA O’FLAHERTY

Growing Opposition

By: Nicole Budzynski

Copperheads•Group of northern Democrats began speaking against the waroLed by Clement L. VallandighamoCalled themselves Peace Democrats

•Enemies called them Copperheads or, midwestern's that agreed with the South and opposed abolition

Nicole Budzynski

Copperheads Cont.•Lincoln saw Copperheads as a threatoSuspended Habeas corpus- a constitutional protection against unlawful imprisonment oUnion officials jailed enemies and Copperheads without a trial

•Angered Democrats and RepublicansNicole Budzynski

Northern Draft•March 1863- Congress approved draft, or forced military serviceoFor $300 men were allowed to buy their way out of the military serviceoUnskilled laborers- 1years wagesoCritics called the war “Rich man’s war and a poor man’s fight”

Nicole Budzynski

Northern Draft Cont.•July 1863- riots broke out when African Americans began to replace Irish dock workers in New York City•City also holding a war draft•Events angered rioters- 100 people diedNicole Budzynski

Northern Draft Cont.

•1864 Election northern Democrats nominated former General George McClellanoWanted an end to the war

•Lincoln beat McClellan in the popular vote-400,000 out of 4 million•Electoral vote was not even close- Lincoln 212, McClellan 21 Nicole Budzynski

General George McClellan 1826-1885•Began military career after he entered the

United States Military Academy in 1842•Outbreak of Civil War- Ohio’s governor William Dennison appointed McClellan as a major general of the Ohio Volunteers•Lincoln promoted him later to a major general in the Regular Army- made him one of the highest ranks in the military service.

Nicole Budzynski

Nicole Budzynski

Life For Soldiers and Civilians

Lauren Bartosz

ON THE BATTLEFIELD• Soldiers fought on ancient battlefield formation• Endless rows of army troops• Would attach bayonets to their guns and run

towards the enemy • Doctors and nurses in the field saved many

peoples lives• Didn’t have medicine for infections• infected legs and arms amputated without

painkillers, and infections caused many deathsLauren Bartosz

ON THE BATTLEFIELD CONT.• The biggest killer of the Civil War – Diseases• Diseases such as:

- typhoid- pneumonia - tuberculosis

• Nearly twice as many soldiers died of diseases and infections in combat

Lauren Bartosz

PRISONERS OF WAR• Military prisoners on both sides lived In a

unimaginable misery• Prison camps were in:

- Andersonville, GA- Elmira, NY

• Soldiers were packed into camps designed only to hold only a fraction of their numbers

• Had little shelter, food, or clothing • Starvation and diseases killed thousands of

prisonersLauren Bartosz

BATTLEFIELD COMMUNICATIONS The drummer was an essential member of every Civil War unit. Drummers served army commanders by drumming specific beats that directed troop movements during battle. Different beats were used to order troops to prepare to attack, to fire, to cease fire, and to signal a truce. Drummers had to stay near their commanders to hear orders. This meant that the drummers—some as young as nine years old—often saw deadly combat conditions. The Civil War gave birth to the Signal Corps, the army unit devoted to communications.

Union Signal Corps Modern battlefield communicationsLauren Bartosz

Life as a Civilian

By: Clare Johnson

Home Front •The North’s home front was mostly industrial; they made things in factories for the war•The South’s home front was mostly living; the citizens had shortages of food and suppliesClare J.

Home Front

Clare J.

Women in the War•Women in the North helped sew uniforms, helped nurse wounded soldiers, and worked to make the soldiers feel comfortable•People also worked on farms and in factories Clare J.

Clara Barton•Clara was a school teacher •She helped everyone get an education•She became a nurse and helped others•She helped with the Red Cross•She helped start it in America

Clare J.

Clara Barton

Clare J.

Video•http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/27984-assignment-discovery-the-life-of-a-civil-war-soldier-video.htm

Bibliography• http://www.civilwar.org/education/history/biographies/george-mcclellan.html• United States History Beginnings to 1877• Cover slide picture- http://www.civilwar-pictures.com/articles/civil-war-art/civil-war-posters/• George McClellan- http://www.history.com/photos/civil-war-union-military-leaders/photo12• http://my.hrw.com/index.jsp• http://www.masshist.org/online/54thregiment/essay.php?entry_id=528#wagner• https://www.google.com/search?q=africans+in+the+civil+war&source• http://www.ducksters.com/biography/women_leaders/clara_barton.php• http://www.ducksters.com/history/civil_war/life_during_the_civil_war.php

• Nicole Budzynski, Grania O’Flaherty, Clare Johnson