seismic vulnerability and protection of nonstructural components t. t. soong and d. lopez garcia...

SEISMIC VULNERABILITY AND PROTECTIONSEISMIC VULNERABILITY AND PROTECTIONOF NONSTRUCTURAL COMPONENTSOF NONSTRUCTURAL COMPONENTS

by

T. T. SOONG T. T. SOONG and D. LOPEZ GARCIAand D. LOPEZ GARCIA

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL, STRUCTURAL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERINGUNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO, STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK

NCREE/JRC WorkshopNovember 17-19, 2003

Examples of Nonstructural Components

Architectural Partitions

Piping Systems

Ceilings

Mechanical and Electrical Equipment

Exterior Cladding

Contents

NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003

Examples of Nonstructural Damage

NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003

Investments in Building Construction (Miranda)

18.0%

62.0%

20.0%

13.0%

70.0%

17.0%

8.0%

48.0%

44.0%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Office Hotel Hospital

Contents

Nonstructural

Structural

NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003

Direct Economic Loss due to Building Damage

1994 Northridge Earthquake (Kircher, 2003)

Total: $18.5 Billion

Nonstructural Related: ~ 50%

1994 Northridge Earthquake (Kircher, 2003)

(Non-residential Buildings)

Total: $6.29 Billion

Nonstructural Related: $5.20 Billion (83%)

NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003

Fatalities

1999 Kocaeli Earthquake (Petal, 2003)

Total: 17,480

Nonstructural Related: ~ 550 (3%)

1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake (Soong et al, 2000)

(at One Hospital)

Total: 7

Nonstructural Related: 7 (100%)

NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003

Seismic Vulnerability

Analysis

Monte-Carlo Simulation

Experience Data

Experiments

NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003

Equipment with restraints

NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003

Anchor Bolts or Expansion Bolts Resistant straps, Braces,Tendons or Plumber’s Tapes

Spring Mounts or Isolators Tendons, Cables, Bungee Cords,Springs or Toggle Bars or Plumber’s Tapes

Fragility curves for restraint breakage limit state

(Lopez Garcia and Soong 2003)NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003

d = 0.10 - Teq = 0.05 sec

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00

HPBA [g]

FR

AG

ILIT

Y

k = 0.00

k = 0.75

ß = 0.40

ß = 0.70

ß = 0.10

ß = 1.00

d = 0.10 - Teq = 0.20 sec

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00

HPBA [g]

FR

AG

ILIT

Y

k = 0.00

k = 0.75

ß = 0.40

ß = 0.70

ß = 0.10

ß = 1.00

d = 0.40 - Teq = 0.05 sec

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00

HPBA [g]

FR

AG

ILIT

Y

k = 0.00

k = 0.75

ß = 0.40 ß = 0.70ß = 0.10

ß = 1.00

d = 0.40 - Teq = 0.20 sec

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00

HPBA [g]

FR

AG

ILIT

Y

k = 0.00

k = 0.75

ß = 0.40

ß = 0.70

ß = 0.10

ß = 1.00

Logic-tree diagram for a medical gas supply equipment(Yao, 1999)

NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003

Redundant GasSupply

Normal Gassupply

O2 NO

Central SystemIndividualCylinder

Cylinders Supply Line

Medical Gas

Liquid OxygenTank

By-pass valve Supply line Evaporator

N2

(in cylinders)

Sample fragility of a water tank/pipeline nonstructural system(Grigoriu and Kafali, 2003)

NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003

seismic ground acceleration

water tank

pipeline

100200

300400

5004

5

6

7

8

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

distance

Fragility of the water tank

moment magnitude

Fragility tests of suspended ceiling systems

and sample fragility data (Badillo et al, 2002)

NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5P GA(g)

Minor (1%fell)

Moderate(10% fell)

Major(33% fell)

Gridfailure

Protection Strategies

Improved Structural Performance

Improved Nonstructural Performance

• Better Engineered Conventional Anchors

• Newer Technologies

NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003

Improved Structural Performance

NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003

Reduction in direct economic loss through improved

building performance of non-residential buildings(adapted from Kircher, 2003)

Economic Loss (in millions)

Nonstructural System

As

Constructed

With Damping System

%

Benefit

With Isolation System

%

Benefit Drift-related $1,086 $ 407 63 $ 303 72 Acceleration-related 1,952 1,013 48 777 60 Contents/Inventory 2,162 1,124 48 862 60

Total $5,200 $2,544 51 $1,942 63

Improved Nonstructural Performance

Better Engineered Conventional Anchors

NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003

NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003

Improved Nonstructural Performance

Better Engineered Conventional Anchors (continued)

NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003

Comparison of expected earthquake loss before and after nonstructural

strengthening (Gould and Griffin, 2003)

Improved Nonstructural Performance

Better Engineered Conventional Anchors (continued)

NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003

Tapered metallic yieldingdevice for brittle nonstructuralcomponents (Goodno, 2001)

TMD for elevator(Rildova and Singh, 2003)

Improved Nonstructural Performance

Newer Technologies

NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003

Wire rope isolator pipe restraint (Loziuk et al, 2003)

Improved Nonstructural Performance

Newer Technologies (continued)

NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003

Semi-active device (Rana and Soong, 1998)

Improved Nonstructural Performance

Newer Technologies (continued)

International Collaboration

(ATC-58, Draft Work Plan, 2004-08)

Task 1: Develop a Catalog of Nonstructural Components,

Systems and Contents

Task 2: Identify Nonstructural Performance Measures

Task 3: Identify Engineering Demand Parameters

Task 4: Develop Damage Database

Task 5: Establish Comprehensive Testing and Certification

Protocols

Task 6: Performance Evaluation Case Studies/Testbed Checks

NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003

Investments in Building Construction (Miranda)

18.0%

62.0%

20.0%

13.0%

70.0%

17.0%

8.0%

48.0%

44.0%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Office Hotel Hospital

Contents

Nonstructural

Structural

NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003

Acknowledgements

Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake

Engineering Research, Buffalo, NY, USA

U.S. National Science Foundation

NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003