semantic technologies and interoperability
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Semantic Technologies for Data Integration and
Service Interoperability
Emanuele Della Valle DEIB - Politecnico di Milano http://emanueledellavalle.org
Comitato Italo-Svizzero per la Geoinformatica Como, 30-31.10.2014
Once upon a time … …, in an happy organization, users were happy of the application the IT department prepared for them, but …
application
[…]
… the organization was not alone. Another organization developed a complementary application …
complementary application
[…]
… so, one day, the two organizations decided to integrate the two applications.
Organizational boundaries
application
[…]
complementary application
[…]
Organizational boundaries
application
[…]
?
Having much to gain the happy organization decided to invest in a bi-lateral solution
complementary application
[…]
Organizational boundaries
application
[…]
adapter !
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… and this went on for a while, but …
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… the more bi-lateral integrations, the sadder the organizations became.
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! OK !! Good !!! Very Good !?! Very Good … ?!? Have I done the right thing?
??? Does it make sence? ?#@ Why am I doying it!!!
Legend
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… So, they standardized and … […]
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… and they lived happily ever after! E. Della Valle
Well, not really :-( Actually … […]
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KEEP CALM
AND WAIT FOR 1 YEARS 10 100
E. Della Valle
E.g., Open Geospatial Consortium 20 years of activity more than 400 organizations 30 standards Standard 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 GML Geography Markup Language
v1.0
v2.0
v3.0
v3.1
v3.2
.1
WFS Web Feature Service
v1.0
V1.
1
V2.
0
WMS Web Map Service
v1
v1.1
v1.1
.1
v1.3
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Why? The Standardization dilemma!
Comprehensive Handles all use cases
Good High quality
Timely Completed quickly
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Standards are like plumbs There are a variety of them and …
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standards are like plumbs … sometime the variety is required
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standards are like plumbs … sometime it is an obstacle, thus …
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standards are like plumbs … thus translation is needed
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Translation is unavoidable!
Com
preh
ensi
ve
0%
100%
Time
Standard
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So What?!? “It is not necessarily the strongest of the species that survives nor the most intelligent, but the one that is most responsive to change.”
--- Charles Darwin
“The Origin of Species”
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Semantic Technologies embrace change
subject object property
Proposing a simple data model: RDF E.g., Flexible enough to represent: Tables
Italy Switzerland bordersOn
Trees Graphs
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Providing a powerful query language: SPARQL E.g., what does Italy border on? ?x={Switzerland, Austria, Vatican, San Marino, France and Slovenia} Flexible enough to query RDF data even without knowing the schema E.g., can you describe Italy? ?p={bordersOn} ?x={Switzerland, Austria, Vatican, …} ?p={hasCapital} ?x={Rome} ?p={timeZone} ?x={UTC+1} …
Semantic Technologies embrace change
Italian border ?x
bordersOn
Italy ?x ?p
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Providing a formal language for conceptual modelling: OWL E.g., Corine Land Covers Types OWL is a modular standard that offers different trade-offs OWL-QL OWL-RL OWL-EL
Semantic Technologies embrace change
Artificial areas
Inland Water
Semi-natural Vegetation
Forest Land
Terms Data
Terms
Data Terms
Data
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Semantic Technologies embrace change
Standard in OWL
[…]
Ontology Based Data Access as a prototypical solution to interoperability problems
<XML>
Translator Translator Translator
E. Della Valle
Semantic Technologies embrace change
Standard in OWL
[…]
SPARQL Queries
Ontology Based Data Access as a prototypical solution to interoperability problems
RDBMS <XML>
Translator Translator Translator
E. Della Valle
Semantic Technologies embrace change
Standard in OWL
Results { , , }
Ontology Based Data Access as a prototypical solution to interoperability problems
[…] RDBMS <XML>
Translator Translator Translator
E. Della Valle
Those ideas at work on scale Google for "restaurants in nyc central park"
One model: Google knowledge graph Little spatial reasoning A variety of sources: • thecentralparkboathouse.com • viewmenu.com • opentable.com • plus.google.com
E. Della Valle
Thank you! Any Question?
Emanuele Della Valle DEIB - Politecnico di Milano http://emanueledellavalle.org
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