semester 1, day 15

Semester 1, Day 15

Immune System Continued

Agenda Review for Quiz Take Quiz Lecture on Immune System Continued Turn in Homework Packet Presentations Reading/Work Time

Review for Quiz Definitions Pathogens and Diseases they cause Categorize pathogens as pro, eu, or neither Types of transmission Definition and example of vector Three ways pathogens cause disease Secondary infection vs. primary infection Two types of nonspecific defenses. What is

nonspecific? Relate antibodies to vaccinations Antibiotic vs. Antiviral

Take Quiz

RecallWhite Blood Cells (Leukocytes):

Protect against disease

Phagocytes:Engulf harmful

invaders, general

Lymphocytes:Immune response

cells, specific

Neutrophils:Main

phagocyte

Macrophage:Large

phagocyteHelper T-Cell:

Activate B-cellsB-Cell:

Produce antibodies

Immune System 2 Systems

Innate Immune Response (Nonspecific): rapid and broad

Adaptive Immune Response (Specific): slow but more effective Vaccinations use AIR Dead pathogens cause AIR to “learn” so it can have a

faster response for live pathogens

Immune System Leukocytes: White blood cells

Leukemia is cancer in which white blood cells are not properly formed and results in poor immunity

Two Categories: phagocytes (innate) & lymphocytes (adaptive) Phagocytes = ingesting

Neutrophils, Monocytes, Macrophages, Dendritic Cells, and Mast Cells

Lymphocytes = learning T-Cells, B-Cells, and natural killer cells

Immune System Neutrophils: Most common white blood cell,

first line of defense, INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM Three steps:

1. Chemotaxis2. Phagocytosis3. Apoptosis

Immune System

1. Chemotaxis

A. Pathogen makes chems.

B. Cells respond: produce proteins called chemokines

C. Chemokines recruit neutrophils

Check For Understanding If a cell produces high levels of chemokines,

then…1. No neutrophils be recruited2. Few neutrophils be recruited3. A moderate amount of neutrophils be recruited4. Many neutrophils be recruited

Immune System2. Phagocytosis

A. Neutrophil IDs pathogenB. Neu. ingests (swallows) path.C. Neu.kills path. w/ toxic chems.

Immune System3. Apoptosis

A. Neutrophil does “programmed cell death”: Safely disposes of dead neu. w/ dead path, prevents more damage

Vocabulary Antigen: proteins on surface of paths. Processed Antigen: prepared antigen Antibody: a protein that fights a specific antigen Activated B-Cell: “antibody factories” Memory B-Cell: remember previous antigen interaction Macrophage: a large phagocytic cell Helper T-Cell: activates B-cells

Immune System Antibody Mediated Response http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQmaPwP0

KRI

Immune System

• Antibody Mediated Response

1. Macrophage “eats” & processes

antigen.

2. Gives PA to Helper T-Cell

3. HT-C gives PA to B-Cell to

activate B-C

4. Activated B-Cs divide

• Some make antibodies for now

• Some stay as memory B-Cs for later

Immune System Passive Immunity:

Temp. protection Antibodies from

others Ex. breast milk, blood

Active Immunity: Through AMR OR through

vaccination Deliberately expose

body to dead pathogens

Primary versus Secondary Response Draw graph:

Vaccinations effective due to secondary immune response More rapid response

(steeper curve) Greater response

(larger hill)

Using this information Edit your story / skit using what you have learned

about neutrophils Chemotaxis: “recruitment” Phagocytosis: “the fight” Apoptosis: “sacrifice”

We will present tomorrow

Use immunity packet; will be collected at end of period

Work/Reading Time Read Section 39.2 Section 39.2 #1-5 Chapter 39 Review #8, 12, 13, 17-19

Homework Due Immune System Packet