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CleanSky - Systems for Green Operation
Transportforum 8 jan 2009Linköping
2Transportforum – 8 jan 2009
Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
Challenges facing Air TransportChallenges facing Air TransportChallenges facing Air Transport
• Environment• Global warming is a world-wide recognised issue• Europe has fixed clear targets to reduce negative impact• Global demand for oil will continue to rise leading to extremely
volatile prices• Carbon trading allowance or tax is likely to increase
• Economy• Air Traffic is of significant importance for the enlarged European
economy, global competitiveness, our way of living
Aeronautics is a major factor in sustainable European economic growth
3
Vision 2020 Challenges – ACARE* GoalsVision 2020 Challenges Vision 2020 Challenges –– ACARE* GoalsACARE* Goals
ACAREOctober 2002 : The Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) 5 Challenges
Quality and Affordability Environment Safety
Air Transport System Efficiency Security
Vision 2020 (January 2001)• To meet Society’s needs
• To achieve global leadership for Europe
October 2004 : The SRA 2 High level Target ConceptsVery Low Cost ATS
Ultra Green ATS
Customer oriented ATS
Highly time-efficient ATS
Ultra Secure ATS
22nd Century
• 80% cut in NOx emissions• Halving perceived aircraft noise• 50% cut in CO2 emissions per pass-Km by drastic fuel consumption
reduction• A green design, manufacturing, maintenance and disposal product
life cycle
CLEAN SKY
*ACARE – Advisory Council for Aeronautics Research in Europe
4Transportforum – 8 jan 2009
Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
What do we expect “Clean Sky” to deliver?What do we expect What do we expect ““Clean SkyClean Sky”” to deliver?to deliver?
Products entering service between 2015-2025• Aircraft CO2 reduction 20 – 40 %• Aircraft NOx reduction ~ 40 %• Aircraft Noise reduction ~ 20 dB
This will lead to• Social benefits• European Aeronautics industry values• Economic benefits to the EUthrough, e.g.• CO2 savings (less cost of fuel, and less cost of CO2 impact)• Market opportunities, and added values, for primes and supply chain• R&D spill-over
5Transportforum – 8 jan 2009
Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
From Challenges to SolutionsFrom Challenges to SolutionsFrom Challenges to Solutions
Reduced fuel consumption (CO2 & NOx reduction)
External noise reduction
"Ecolonomic"life cycle
Power plantLoads & Flow ControlNew Aircraft ConfigurationsLow weightAircraft Energy ManagementMission & Trajectory Management
Power PlantMission & Trajectory ManagementConfigurationsRotorcraft Noise Reduction
Aircraft Life Cycle
6Transportforum – 8 jan 2009
Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
From Solutions to DemonstrationsFrom Solutions to DemonstrationsFrom Solutions to Demonstrations
New concepts & active controlSmart structures &low-noise configurations
Innovative rotor &engine integration
Low-noise &lightweight low-pressure systems
High efficiency low Nox cores
Novel configurations
All electrical aircraft technologies and systemsThermal managementGreen trajectories management
Green design, manufacture,maintenance, recycling for Airframe & Systems
Monitoring ConsistencySynergy
7Transportforum – 8 jan 2009
Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
Clean Sky: An integrated and comprehensive approach Clean Sky: An integrated and comprehensive approach Clean Sky: An integrated and comprehensive approach
Eco-designFor Airframe and Systems
Vehicle ITD
Tran
sver
se IT
Dfo
r all
vehi
cles
Smart Fixed-Wing Aircraft
Green Regional Aircraft
GreenRotorcraft
Clean Sky Technology Evaluator31 M€
Sustainable and Green Engines
Systems for Green Operations
TOTAL Budget: 1,6 B€ over 7 years
Airbus& SAAB393 M€
Eurocopter & AgustaWestland159 M€
Alenia& EADS CASA174 M€
Dassault Aviation & Fraunhofer Institute116 M€
Rolls-Royce & Safran421 M€
Liebherr & Thales304 M€
ITD: Integrated Technology Demonstrator
8Transportforum – 8 jan 2009
Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
Clean Sky budget allocationClean Sky budget allocationClean Sky budget allocation
• Total budget 1600 M€ maximum• EC contribution 800 M€
• ITD Leaders max 800 M€ (50% from EC)• AgustaWestland, Airbus, Alenia, Dassault Aviation, EADS-
CASA, Eurocopter, Fraunhofer Institute, Liebherr, Rolls-Royce, Saab, Safran, Thales
• Associates max 400 M€ (50% from EC)• DLR, EADS-IW, Galileo-Avionica, …• Clusters: GSAF, …
• Partners, via Calls for Proposals267-400 M€ (50-75% from EC)
9Transportforum – 8 jan 2009
Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
Aircraft Equipment Systems
SGO: How can aircraft systems contribute to environmental objectives?SGO: How can aircraft systems contribute to environmental SGO: How can aircraft systems contribute to environmental objectives?objectives?
Aircraft Flight and Navigation Systems
10Transportforum – 8 jan 2009
Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
The Environment
Operational Environment
Aircraft
Minimize fuel required for aircraft operationMinimize waste Enable engine and aircraft flexibility
Aircraft Equipment Systems
Work
Waste
Fuel
Work
Waste
Powerplant
How can aircraft systems contribute to environmental objectives?How can aircraft systems contribute to environmental objectives?How can aircraft systems contribute to environmental objectives?
Manufacture and disposal
Pollution
Heat
NoiseCO2 and NOx
Other Chemicals
Choice of fuel
Aircraft Flight and Navigation Systems
Flight operations and maintenance
11Transportforum – 8 jan 2009
Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
Systems for Green Operations ITD
Management of Mission and Trajectory
Life Cycle Management
Materials
Manufacturing
Smart Operations on Ground
Electrical SystemsManagement of EnergyAerodynamic Design
Reduction in noise
System Design
Reduction in other pollutants
Reduction in CO2and NOx
Systems enablers for ACARE environmental goalsSystems enablers for ACARE environmental goalsSystems enablers for ACARE environmental goals
Other ITDs
12Transportforum – 8 jan 2009
Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
Myth: “More Electric” Aircraft is a new ideaMyth: Myth: ““More ElectricMore Electric”” Aircraft is a Aircraft is a newnew ideaidea
1941: Fokke-Wulf 190-A• Electrically actuated and locked landing gear• Servo-motor actuators for flaps and tailplane• Electrically pitched propeller• Electrically fired cannon
13Transportforum – 8 jan 2009
Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
From “More Electric” to “More More More Electric”From From ““More ElectricMore Electric”” to to ““More More More More MoreMore ElectricElectric””
1964: Vickers VC-10 2007: Airbus A3801952: Avro Vulcan
2009: Boeing 7872008: Lockheed F-35
2010: AgustaWestland EH 101 upgrade
14Transportforum – 8 jan 2009
Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
Management of Aircraft EnergyManagement of Aircraft EnergyManagement of Aircraft Energy
All-electric aircraft equipment system architectures• Objectives:
• To facilitate the all-electric aircraft, which leads to new possibilities in reducing aircraft emissions through lower fuel consumption
• Concepts:• Maturation of the collaborative modelling process used to construct and
evaluate electrical architectures• Maturation of technologies in electrical power generation, distribution and
usage• Maturation of thermal technologies and overall thermal management
concepts• Validation of the architectural concepts to manage total energy, through
flight testing and ground test
15Transportforum – 8 jan 2009
Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
Management of Aircraft EnergyManagement of Aircraft EnergyManagement of Aircraft Energy
All-electric aircraft equipment system architectures
• Means:• Removal of hydraulic fluids• Zero-emission fuel cells• Removal of engine bleed systems• Less total system weight• Total energy management
• Examples:• Electro-hydrostatic actuators• Peak demands from one consumer can be compensated by
reducing other demands
16Transportforum – 8 jan 2009
Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
Management of Aircraft EnergyManagement of Aircraft EnergyManagement of Aircraft Energy
All-electric aircraft equipment system architectures
• Aircraft functions to be addressed:• Primary power generation and distribution• Auxiliary and emergency energy/power generation and storage• Engine support• Cabin and aircraft pressurisation• Aircraft thermal management• Flight control• Ice and rain protection• Take-off, landing, taxiing and braking
17Transportforum – 8 jan 2009
Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
Management of Trajectory and Mission and relation with the ATM and ATC Management of Trajectory and Mission and relation Management of Trajectory and Mission and relation with the ATM and ATC with the ATM and ATC
• ATM and ATC constraints and procedures impose flight profiles significantly different from the optimal:
• Aircraft must fly through airways and waypoints• Aircraft must fly at imposed levels, with limited manoeuvring freedom
between them• ATC Management of arriving aircraft at airports is made through
instructions diverging from the fuel-optimum solution
• There is an opportunity to reduce fuel consumption in flying / moving the aircraft in a more efficient way
• This requires working together on procedures / ATC operations and aircraft capabilities
• In Europe, the SESAR and Clean Sky programmes are launched in parallel, which creates a unique opportunity to perform the required leap-change
18Transportforum – 8 jan 2009
Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
• Trajectory & Mission Management
Definition of “optimum” trajectories for approaches and climbs achieving the minimum environmental combined impact for noise and fuel
Definition of new missions profiles, taking into account the atmospheric perturbations, and definition of new on-board systems / functions to enable the aircraft to fly them
Management of Trajectory and Mission: ObjectivesManagement of Trajectory and Mission: ObjectivesManagement of Trajectory and Mission: Objectives
Assessment of different solutions to validate if they are compatible with SESAR results or guidelines, for 2013, 2020 and 2020+
Design the aircraft systems enabling to fly: • these optimised trajectories
• the optimised missions, minimising environmental impact in any combination of environmental constraints
19Transportforum – 8 jan 2009
Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
Management of Trajectory and MissionManagement of Trajectory and MissionManagement of Trajectory and Mission
• Smart Ground Operations
• Objective : design aircraft systems to optimise use of engine power when aircraft on ground, for Silent and fuel-efficient taxiing capabilities
• Use of the landing gear system as a motoring system on ground, so as to allow airplane engines during taxi, with the expected double benefit of reducing ground noise and reducing fuel burn
20Transportforum – 8 jan 2009
Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
Management of Trajectory and Mission: enabling technologies (1/2)
Management of Trajectory and Mission: Management of Trajectory and Mission: enabling technologiesenabling technologies (1/2)(1/2)
• Flight Management:Implementation of optimised Arrival functions: Implementation of optimised Departures: NADPGreen Cruise: continuous climb cruise, enhanced “continuous” descent approaches inheritedfrom results in European collaborative research: OPTIMAL (1)
Multi criteria trajectory optimization:• Cost index• Emissions: considering upcoming environmental taxes• Noise reduction• Time arrival
Management of new Airplane aerodynamics / engines
• Surveillance & Situation awarenessAtmospheric conditions detectionImproved weather radar algorithmsCoupling of atmospheric sensors with the FMS: inherited from results in European
collaborative research: FLYSAFE(1)
(1) European funded Project, FP6: refer to : www.optimal.isdefe.es and www.eu-flysafe.org
21Transportforum – 8 jan 2009
Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
Management of Trajectory and Mission: enabling technologies con’t (2/2)Management of Trajectory and Mission: Management of Trajectory and Mission: enabling technologiesenabling technologies concon’’tt (2/2)(2/2)
• Databases: new aircraft performances, navigation procedures, protected areas, atmospheric conditions, environmental parameters
• Functions supporting gate to gate operations:towards pilot decision making
• Based on Quasi-artificial technologies• Weather conditions updates and alternative flight path• List of parameters to be optimized during the flight and exchanged with ATM
towards Airlines operations during the flight preparation phase: Optimization of flight plan during preparation phase (depending on fuel price, weather conditions, Aircraft configuration, ….)
• Cockpit MMI to operate the new functions
• Localisation / Navigation systems
High level of maturity (TRL6), Compatible with SESAR proceduresEnvironmentally friendly from Gate to Gate
22Transportforum – 8 jan 2009
Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
From Solutions to Demonstrations: Technology EvaluatorFrom Solutions to Demonstrations: Technology EvaluatorFrom Solutions to Demonstrations: Technology Evaluator
New concepts & active controlSmart structures &low-noise configurations
Innovative rotor &engine integration
Low-noise &lightweight low-pressure systems
High efficiency low Nox cores
Novel configurations
All electrical aircraft technologies and systemsThermal managementGreen trajectories management
Green design, manufacture,maintenance, recycling for Airframe & Systems
Monitoring ConsistencySynergy
23Transportforum – 8 jan 2009
Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
TE : scope & methodologyTE : scope & methodologyTE : scope & methodology
SGO and TE respective scopes in Clean Sky
Evaluation of the environmental impacts of inserted technologies is performed in the TE by comparing scenarios
• Operations of Current technology aircraft fleet, vs• Operations of new fleet hypothesis, with Clean Sky Conceptual Aircraft insertion
Technologies developed in the ITD SGO will be delivered to the ITD SFWA and integrated to the “Conceptual Aircraft”
Assessment will be performed at the Aircraft level
TE methodologyThe TE analyses Air Traffic operations and enables ITDs feedback at various levels :
Single aircraft mission A to B (Mission level)Airport area (Operational level)Regional / World (Global level)
SGO WP3.1 Models & tools
Needs of common models
24Transportforum – 8 jan 2009
Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
Technologies to be demonstrated on aircraft (ground and/or flight)Technologies to be demonstrated on aircraft (ground Technologies to be demonstrated on aircraft (ground and/or flight)and/or flight)
• Management of Aircraft Energy• Ice Protection• Environmental Control System• Skin heat exchanger• Thermal functions• Electrical technologies• Multi-functional fuel cells
• Management of Trajectory and Mission• Green functions (optimization)• Green FMS (supporting optimization functions)• External tractor for long taxi
25Transportforum – 8 jan 2009
Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
Saab’s involvment in Clean SkySaabSaab’’s s involvmentinvolvment in Clean Skyin Clean Sky
• Management of Aircraft Energy• Ice Protection• Thermal Management
• Management of trajectory and mission• Mission and trajectory optimization• Modular and Shared Power Electronics
26Transportforum – 8 jan 2009
Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
ConclusionsConclusionsConclusions
• The Systems for Green Operations ITD is based on thefollowing two concepts which will contribute to the goalsof Clean Sky :
• The Management of Aircraft Energy (MAE)• The Management of Mission and Trajectory (MTM)
• The Clean Sky project will last for 7 years• Technology will mainly be inserted in new aircraft types• Some technology may be used for upgrading current
aircraft• SESAR and Clean Sky will work together to define the
future ATM system and procedures
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