sharing economy and makers
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Sharing Economy and Makers
William El Kaim Oct. 2016 - V 2.0
This Presentation is part of the
Enterprise Architecture Digital Codex
http://www.eacodex.com/Copyright © William El Kaim 2016 2
Plan
The Sharing Economy
• Crowdsourcing
• DIY – Do It Yourself
• Conclusion
Copyright © William El Kaim 2016 3
Sharing Economy: Why?
• The sharing economy is gaining momentum in ways that potentially hold the
keys for the future.
• also called collaborative consumption and the collaborative economy
• At a basic level, sharing is one of the oldest behaviors known to humans.
• It is natural and intuitive; humanity has been doing it throughout history thanks to a
variety of motivations.
• When combined with the power of new technologies collaborative models of
consumption, production and marketplace creation stand to reinvent and
redefine these timeless behaviors on a scale and in ways never possible
before.
• The sharing economy focuses on efficient and sustainable resource use by
individuals, companies, and governments.
4Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
Business Disruption at Its Heart
• Consumers don't need
to continually buy from
companies, as they
are sharing, renting,
lending, goods &
services among
themselves
Copyright © William El Kaim 2016 5
Market Forces Driving The Collaborative Economy
6Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
Increase in Earth PopulationMassive China and India are at 17% and 30% population growth rates, respectively, America at 22% citing wikipedia.
Strained ResourcesGeneral sentiment that Earth resources are finite and the cost to retrieve more costs more than re-using. Those with less money are more inclined to trade, or activate their inventory for revenue.
Economic DisparitiesWhere there is a divided between have and have not, these sharing systems naturally seek to shift resources
Excess or Idle InventoryOne of the root causes of this movement is idle resources sitting by the wayside can be shared and often monetizes
Inaccessible LuxuriousThose who can’t afford it, can now rent it. “Access is more important than ownership”
Influx of VC FundingStartup investors have put billions into this market of fresh new startups, our research shows that within 200 startups there has been over $2 billion of funding.
Sharing Economy: Economic Drivers
7Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
Redefinition of Social Links and Trust
• Social technologies are becoming a powerful social matrix
• a key piece of organizational infrastructure that links and engages employees,
customers, and suppliers as never before.
• So the main real benefit of collaborative consumption turns out to be social.
• Sharing things (even with strangers we've just met online) allows us to make meaningful
connections.
• Peer-to-peer sharing "involves the re-emergence of community," says Rachel Botsman,
co-author of What's Mine Is Yours: The Rise of Collaborative Consumption. "This works
because people can trust each other."
• We yearn to trust and be trusted
• Internet used to match millions of haves with millions of wants through
explosion of peer-to-peer (P2P) commerce
8Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
The tide of trust is turning!
• Trust and reputation are essential
for the sharing economy.
• Trust is the social glue that
enables collaborative
consumption marketplaces and
the sharing economy to function
without friction.
• Reputation comes from the trust
of people and develops over time
as people interact in a repeated
and consistent manner with one
another.
9Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
http://www.betrustman.com/#about-framework
New Economic Models Emerge
• Change your consumption habits to influence policy
• Choices we make at the cash register can change our lives and the world.
• Just as an engaged citizen is essential to an effective democracy, an engaged consumer
is the key to a sustainable free market.
• Do not buy anymore! Rent, Share …
• Establish relationships that are based on trust, reliability and quality with your “extended”
networks
• The Collaborative Economy is an economic model where ownership and
access are shared between corporations, startups, and people.
• This results in market efficiencies that bear new products, services, and business
growth.
• No amount of marketing will force a customer to buy something that can be
shared.
10Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
Sharing Economy Examples
11Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
Public Innovation and “Shareable Cities”
• The sharing economy provides myriad avenues for public innovation and
benefits for the public sector as a whole.
• Examples include Good Gym, Southwark Circle, city-sponsored bike sharing programs
and a variety of open government data initiatives.
• Cities are arguably the largest single beneficiary, as collaborative
consumption and technology can help redefine public services, infrastructure
and civic engagement.
• Collaborative Consumption is Good for your community, your business and
the planet!
• More on: http://www.collaborativeconsumption.com/
12Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
Seoul: The self-proclaimed “sharing city”
• The Seoul Metropolitan Government has declared the Sharing City as a new
city paradigm.
• On 20 September 2012, the government disclosed its plan for promoting the “Sharing
City Seoul” project, which includes 20 sharing programs and policies for generating or
diffusing infrastructure to promote and enable sharing-based platforms.
• The government believes that focusing on models to promote sharing
provides a new alternative for reform that can “resolve many economic,
social, and environmental issues of the city simultaneously by creating new
business opportunities, recovering trust-based relationships, and minimizing
wastage of resources.”
• Following through on its declarations, the Seoul Metropolitan Government
passed Act No. 5396 (Act for Promoting Sharing) on 31 December 2012.
13Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
Example: Incredible Edible
http://www.incredible-edible.info/
Good local food for all:• working together• learning – from field to
classroom to kitchen• supporting local
business
14Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
Example: Creating Gardens... On Sidewalks
Source: http://www.lagreengrounds.org/ 15Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
Innovative Spirit of Collaborative Consumption
• Marketplaces
• eBay, Craigslist or Etsy
• Start-ups like
• Brooklyn-based Simplist, which helps people rent goods via the Internet.
• Airbnb, which allows people to rent their homes to travelers.
• Social lending (Zopa), or social project funding (Kickstarter)
• Car sharing (Zipcar) or peer-to-peer (Turo ex. RelayRides)
• Others: TaskRabbit, ParkatmyHouse, Zimride, Swap.com, Zilok, Bartercard
16Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
Sharing Economy Challenges
• Marketplace creation and critical mass: for sharing economy companies to
succeed, it is essential that they have enough people to participate and
enough supply and demand to provide convenience and choice.
• Legal, regulatory and policy issues: Many existing public policies and laws
can help or hinder the sharing economy. Equally important, many policies
drafted in the ownership era are silent about sharing
• The most contentious issues focus on taxation, insurance, zoning and licensing, and
consumer protection (including personal data) issues.
• Designing for sharing: This has multiple implications for companies including
product development and servicing, branding, marketing, customer loyalty,
innovation strategy and technology investment.
17Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
Sharing Economy
Challenges
• Personal data and identity
• Companies must address personal data identity concerns. Who is sharing,? Who is the
owner, etc.
• Cultural barriers
• Sharing economy models will thrive where there is an attitude that deems sharing and
collaboration to be acceptable – and even preferable to – ownership or outright
competition.
• Incumbent backlash
• Given collaborative consumption’s potential to disrupt existing industries and ways of
doing business, it is important for established companies to understand what their
options are and how best to react. There are two typical reactions.
18Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
Sharing Economy: Accept Disruption or Outlaw
• Companies see the disruption and, rather than ignoring it or trying to shut it
down, they can embrace the potential for innovation and begin to engage
• in other words, they show some willingness to disrupt themselve
• A good example of this is the automotive industry.
• Traditional car manufacturers have partnered with car sharing companies (GM and
RelayRides) and developed their own car sharing initiatives (BMW, Daimler)
• while ride sharing services can work with taxi cab companies to maximize utilization of
unused cabs (Uber).
• They have begun to look at a future in which customers are more interested
in having access to “mobility services” than owning a car, and developing
offerings accordingly.
19Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
Sharing Economy: Accept Disruption or Outlaw
• In the other case, established companies have been using collective efforts
to outlaw sharing economy-focused and P2P models.
• Requires some lobbying and tentative to not pay anymore taxes or to get rid of some
regulatory rules imposed to their domain
• The hotel industry falls into this category.
• They often focus on issues such as taxation of residents or instituting
minimum stay requirements for people using P2P accommodation platforms
(which would not apply in a hotel setting).
• These efforts tend to be highly reactive and focused on short-term
unknowns, rather than looking at long-term cues and drivers of why people
opt into P2P platforms such as proximity, accessibility, affordability, and
uniqueness of the asset.
20Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
Plan
• The Sharing Economy
Crowdsourcing
• DIY – Do It Yourself
• Conclusion
Copyright © William El Kaim 2016 21
Crowdsourcing Industry Landscape
22Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
23Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
Crowdsourcing Usage
• Solution Finding
• This is where you use a crowd to solve a complex problem.
• InnoCentive and BrightIdea are two platforms that help` companies solve these types of
problems (the latter is the engine behind GE’s ecoimagination initiative).
• Opinion Seeking
• Crowds can be used, of course, to provide input and suggestions on how to improve
your product.
• SurveyMonkey is a low-end version of this in action.
• MyStarbucksIdea.com is a more sophisticated version that runs on SalesForce.com’s
“ideas” platform.
24Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
Crowdsourcing Usage
• Content Creation – Want to create an advertisement for your company but
don’t want to hire a single design agency? Why not hire the world?
• Platforms like Tongal help companies crowdsource the creation of videos.
• News broadcasters are also doing this to help collect videos from individuals who shoot
newsworthy footage on their iPhone.
• Design Competitions
• Need a new logo? You don’t need to hire just one person from an agency or
eLance.com, you can use 99designs.com or logotournament.com to get hundreds of
designs for the price of one.
• You select the one logo you like and pay only that one designer.
25Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
User Generated Content & Publishing
http://bakerframework.com/26Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
Collaborative Maps
http://www.collaborativemap.org/
27Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
https://www.openstreetmap.org/about
Creative Co-creation
• Spreadshirt – shirt community
• Threadless – create and sell your t-shirts
• cafepress – shop, create or sell what’s on your mind
• zazzle – create and sell products
• Artistshare – fans funding new artists
• Quirky – community product development
• jovoto – co-creation & mass collaboration
• Quirky + GE - co-creating platform by quirky & GE
• Userfarm - co-creating platform for Video makers
Copyright © William El Kaim 2016 28
Crowdsourcing Usage
• Marketing, Design & Idea Platforms
• Guerra Creativa – crowdsourcing anything creative
• Brand Tags – tagging brands
• Battle of concepts – student challenges
• crowdSPRING – creative designs
• Collective Intelligence & Prediction Platforms
• Lumenogic - collective intelligence markets
• Ushahidi – crowdsourcing crisis information
• Kaggle – data mining and forecasting
• Google Image Labeler – crowdsourced image labeling
29Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
Crowdsourcing Usage
• Data Collection
• This is a growing area of crowd sourcing.
• Instead of sending your employees out to inspect buildings, shelves in super markets, or
potentially even read meters, get anyone to do it.
• For example, when someone is in a supermarket, have them snap a picture of your
product on the shelves. This gives you insights into stocking levels and product
placement, and the GPS tracking will give you the location without the need for tagging.
• Think of this as more data for your big data.
• Testing
• Do you have something you want to test? uTest is a great platform for this.
• You can get hundreds of people banging on your system to stress it and test it.
30Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
Crowdsourcing Usage
• Manual Tasks
• This is outsourcing on steroids. Break up your work into bite-sized chunks and get
people to do these activities for pennies.
• There are many platforms for doing this in all shapes and sizes.
• Amazon.com’s Mechanical Turk is an example of this. .
• Customer service
• What if you could get your fans to be customer service employees?
• Platforms like CrowdEngineering.com allow your most knowledgable customers to
provide help to your entire customer base.
• If your customers have a technical problem, instead of speaking to an employee, they
can be routed to one of these knowledgable fans.
• Think of this is a virtual “geek squad” or “genius bar.”
31Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
Crowd Sourcing Usage
• Programming
• TopCoder is truly amazing. They have nearly a half million programmers, designers,
testers and program managers who compete to create wireframes, designs, code, and
algorithms, and then test everything for customers.
• Crowd Funding
• Need money for an initiative or cause? Crowdfunding may be the way.
• latforms like kickstarter.com enable people to raise money for their projects.
• There are platforms for raising money for non-profits.
• And now there is the emerging version which can allow for micro-angel investing.
32Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
Crowd Funding
https://www.windowschipin.com/ 33Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
Plan
• The Sharing Economy
• Crowdsourcing
DIY – Do It Yourself
• Conclusion
• Resources
Copyright © William El Kaim 2016 34
Makers … Not Buyer Anymore
• The maker movement empowers people to build
their own products, and share with each other, rather
than buying from brands
• The Internet democratized knowledge
• Social Media empowered crowd
• Collaborative Economy endows crowd to buy once,
share many
• Maker Movement aims at buying from brands no more.
• DIY – Do It Yourself
• First plastic real Gun created by a 3D printer in Q1 2013.
• 3D printer and living "ink" create cartilage
Copyright © William El Kaim 2016 35
Maker Future …
Fewer manufactured goods
• “Things” will no longer be manufactured and shipped to customers.
• Instead, you’ll purchase designs for everything from glasses to housing, and
the input costs of having them printed on site will be cheaper than the current
supply-chain process we have today.
• Once it becomes more cost-efficient to build this way (and it will) you’ll have
an ‘app store’ of objects you can download and print out at your leisure.
• This could will be the biggest revolution since the Internet itself.
• According to a report by the McKinsey Global Institute, “3D printing could generate
economic impact of $230 billion to $550 billion per year by 2025, and the largest source
of potential impact among sized applications would be from consumer uses, followed by
direct manufacturing and the use of 3D printing to create tools and molds.”
37Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
No knowledge of 3D? No problem
3D Scanning
• With 3D scanning becoming available to the masses, even you and me will
be creating 3D content soon.
• Manctl a French startup is building a 3D scanner in the form of a piece of software.
• Skanect transforms your Microsoft Kinect or Asus Xtion camera into an ultra-low cost
scanner able to create 3D meshes out of real scenes in a few minutes.
• Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9URIR-dEWBM
• MakerBot created a Digitizer Now Available for sale
38Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
MakerBot’s Digitizer
Copyright © William El Kaim 2016 39
Video
MakerBot’s Digitizer
Copyright © William El Kaim 2016 40
MakerBot’s Digitizer
Copyright © William El Kaim 2016 41
MakerBot’s Digitizer
Copyright © William El Kaim 2016 42
MakerBot Product Line (Jan. 2014)
43Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
Sketchfab, The "YouTube Of 3D Content"
• Sketchfab makes it easy to share 3D models on the web by embedding their
viewer on any web page, which brings good traffic to the platform.
• It’s just like YouTube, but for 3D files.
• Models of futuristic cars are always popular: BMW i8
• Sketchfab just works because it only uses standards that are built in modern
browsers
• HTML5 and WebGL for real-time 3D in the browser
• The main downside is that WebGL isn’t activated yet on mobile Safari on iOS.
44Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
Sketchfab
45Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
Alternatives For Viewing 3D Content
• There are alternatives for viewing 3D content on the web, such
as Unity or Flash’s Stage3D, but they all require a plug-in install.
• WebGL/JavaScript frameworks such as Three.js, a “lightweight 3D library
with a very low level of complexity
• Cédric Pinson, the co-founder and CTO of Sketchfab, created an alternative
WebGL framework called OSG.JS, on which the Sketchfab viewer is based.
• Compared to other frameworks, OSG.JS allows lower-level programming (control over
WebGL buffers for instance). It is a JavaScript port of OpenSceneGraph, an open source
project that Cédric also maintains.
46Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
3D Printers
Amazon Link47Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
UPS Stores Launch 3D Printing for Small
Businesses
• The franchise retail division of UPS announced that it is offering 3D printing
capabilities at some of its locations.
• UPS Stores will be equipped with a uPrint SE Plus 3D printer.
• These units can print up to nine colors and are capable of creating usable prototypes.
Stratasys, the company that makes the printer, says it uses ABSplus thermoplastic to build its
3D renderings.
• Video
48Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
Services Around Makers
http://www.sculpteo.com/en/ 49Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
Services Around Makers
• Shapeways
• Provides consumers with a couple options. If you don't find the cool gadget you're
looking for in the online shop, you can upload a design of your 3D model for printing.
• Continuum
• Looking for a custom piece to add to your wardrobe? Continuum has a 3D-printed shoe
collection, bikinis and a "user-generated little black dress collection.” You can also print
photos and patterns onto fabric using a large inkjet printer.
• 123D
• 123D apps let you start the design process from scratch, or you can browse through
thousands of free 3D models. Then, you can take the model and modify it to add
features, colors and other forms of customization. Once you have a design ready, you
can choose to print through 123D's partners, or if you happen to have a 3D printer, do it
yourself.
50Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
Services Around Makers
• iMaterialise
• This 3D printing service focuses on higher-quality and optimal choices for designers.
Consumers can choose among material options, such as titanium, bronze, gold and
stainless steel, among others.
• Upload your own design or browse the gallery for items for sale or inspiration.
• Snapily
• If you were looking for the other kind of 3D gift, Snapily transforms standard photo cards
into holographic 3D cards
51Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
Rebuild You Keys …
http://keyme.net/index.html 52Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
Ask Somebdoy to “Make” for You!
http://www.custommade.com/ 53Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
Xcommerce Site For Makers
http://www.etsy.com/ 55Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
Example: Burning Man Event
• Burning Man is a week-long annual event held in the Black Rock Desert in
northern Nevada, in the United States.
• The event begins on the last Monday in August, and ends on the first
Monday in September, which coincides with the American Labor
Day holiday.
• http://www.burningman.com/
• http://www.burningmanproject.org/
• Burning Man Time Lapse Video
• http://axelletess.tumblr.com/post/40857287826/time-lapse-video-of-burning-man-2012-a-
miniature
56Copyright © William El Kaim 2016
Plan
• The Sharing Economy
• Crowdsourcing
• DIY – Do It Yourself
Conclusion
Copyright © William El Kaim 2016 57
Collaborative Consumption (21th Century) vs.
Hyper Consumption (20th Century)
• The ownership society was rotting from the inside out• Its demise began with Napster. The digitalization of music and the ability to share it
made owning CDs superfluous.
• Collaboration within the Global Village• With unbounded marketplace for efficient peer to peer exchanges of
space/stuff/skills/relationships/time and services between producer/consumer, seller/buyer, lender/borrower, and neighbors.
• Access instead of ownership.• Collaborative Consumption is disrupting outdated modes of business and reinventing not
just what we consume but how we consume.
• Describes the rapid explosion in traditional sharing, bartering, lending, trading, renting, gifting, and swapping reinvented through network technologies on a scale and in ways never possible before
• Primacy of experience over “more stuff”.
Copyright © William El Kaim 2016 58
Copyright © William El Kaim 2016 59
Copyright © William El Kaim 2016 60
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