short introduction to comesa, comesa & mfdr the rationale for
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COMESA (Common Market for Eastern & Southern Africa)
COMESA & MfDR
By
Anne Ndirangu
Head: Monitoring and Evaluation Unit
Recognizing the potential of regional
integration and cooperation as a tool
for development, Africa has formed
many integration groups
Angola
CFA Franc Zone
SACU
CMA
IGAD AMU
SADC
ECOWAS
CEMAC UEMOA
ECCAS
EAC
COMESA
WAMZ
Egypt
Libya
Algeria Morocco Mauritania Tunisia
Somalia Sudan
Djibouti
Eritrea
Ethiopia
DRC
Tanzania
Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Mauritius, Madagascar
Comoros Seychelles
Reunion (France) Swaziland Lesotho
Namibia South Africa
Botswana
Mozambique
Cape Verde Liberia
Gambia
Guinea
Nigeria
Ghana
Sierra Leone
CAR Cameroon Congo Equatorial Guinea Gabon
Sao Tome and Principe
Benin Burkina Faso Cote d’Ivore Guinea-Bissau Mali Niger Senegal Togo
IOC
ECCAS CEMAC
UEMOA
Some of Africa’s Integration and Cooperation Groups
ECCAS ECCAS
Kenya Uganda
Rwanda Burundi
Morocco Tunisia
GAFTA
CENSAD
COMESA – Common market for Eastern & Southern Africa
ECOWAS – Economic Community of West African States
CEMAC – Economic Community of Central African States
ECCAS – Economic Community of Central African States
IGAD – Inter-Governmental Authority on Development
UEMOA - West African Economic and Monetary Union
SADC – Southern Africa Development Community
GAFTA – Greater Arab Free Trade Area
SACU – Southern Africa Customs Union
CMA – Common Monetary Agreement
EAC – East African Community
AMU – Arab Maghreb Union IOC – Indian Ocean Community WAMZ – West African Monetary Zone CENSAD: Community of Sahel-Saharan States
AU-recognises only 8: ECOWAS, COMESA, ECCAS, SADC, IGAD, AMU, CEN-SAD & EAC.
COMESA Cont…
Membership: 19 countries (Burundi, Comoros, DRC, Djibouti, Egypt,
Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Madagascar, Mauritius, Rwanda, Swaziland, Seychelles, Sudan, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe).
Was a Preferential Trade Area since 1981 COMESA established in 1994
Estimated population: 460 million
GDP (2013): US$ 639.4 Billion
One of the building blocs of the African Economic Community
under the Abuja Treaty and the AU Constitutive Act.
CORE INTEGRATION AGENDA
COMESA’s principal focus is promoting regional integration through trade development, investment promotion and sustainable utilization of natural resources for the mutual benefit of all the citizens of the region.
Consolidation of Internal Market (Free Trade Area)
Establishment and implementation of the Tripartite FTA
Implementation of the Customs Union (Launched in 2009)
Launch of the Common Market (2015….)
Operationalization of the Monetary Union road map (2018)
COMESA and the Tripartite Vision
COMESA is committed to pursuing its integration
agenda within the Tripartite Vision: working with
EAC, and SADC towards the goal of eventual
continental integration (African Economic
Community) as spelled by African Union in the
Abuja Treaty
COMESA and the Tripartite Vision
The Tripartite is an umbrella organization made up of
the East African Community (EAC), the Common
Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
and Southern African Development Community
(SADC).
The launching of the Tripartite negotiations in 2005
marked the roadmap towards the creation of the
single biggest FTA on the African continent.
The recent statistics (2013) show that the COMESA-
EAC-SADC Tripartite had a combined Gross
Domestic Product (GDP) of US$1.2 Trillion and a
population of 626 million people.
DRC
Tanzania
Malawi,
Zambia,
Zimbabwe
Mauritius,
Madagascar
Comoros
Seychelles
Swaziland Lesotho
Namibia
South Africa
Botswana
Mozambique
EAC
Tripartite Vision
SADC
COMESA
Kenya
Uganda
Rwanda
Burundi
Angola
From this… Egypt
Libya
Sudan
Djibouti
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Tripartite Vision
DRC
Tanzania
Malaw
i Mauritius
Seychelles
Swaziland
South Africa
Botswana Mozambique
Kenya
Rwanda
Angola
Egypt Libya
Eritrea
Namibia
Lesotho
Zimbabwe
Uganda
Ethiopia
Sudan
Djibouti
Zambia
Madagascar
Comoros
Burundi
(Somalia)
To this…
First FTA
Then a Customs
Union
and eventually a
Common Market
To achieve Results
• Transposition/Mainstreaming/Domestication MUST TAKE PLACE AT MS LEVEL
Transposition/Mainstreaming/Domestication
Ensuring that policy and administrative measures are put in place to implement regional agreements, decisions, protocols at national level. It involves giving force by a Member State to a Regional Commitment by passing appropriate Implementation, Application and Enforcement means by ensuring that policy and administrative measures are put in place to implement regional agreements, decisions, protocols at national level.
Legislative Basis for Council Decisions
The legislative mandate of Council is derived from the COMESA Treaty, particularly Article 10 on Regulations, Directives, Decisions, Recommendations and Opinions of Council which provides that: • The Council may, in accordance with the provisions of this Treaty, make
regulations, issue directives, take decisions, make recommendations or deliver opinions
• A Regulation shall be binding on all the Member States in its entirety
• A Directive shall be binding upon each Member State to which it is addressed as to the result to be achieved but not as to the means of achieving it
• A Decision shall be binding upon those to whom it is addressed
• A Recommendation and Opinion shall have no binding force.
Monitoring Transposition/Domestication
• Legal and regulatory framework level - the degree of actual transposition of commitments into the national legal and regulatory frameworks required for their implementation).
• Strategic Policy Level - the degree of integration of the commitments into the national policy frameworks, such as national plans, PRSP, sector strategies etc.
• Planning Level - the degree of concrete transposition into the national planning tools such as Public Investment Programme and Budgetary Frameworks.
• Operational Implementation Level - the existence of a monitoring mechanism, and the degree of actual implementation of the various commitments against an agreed roadmap and monitoring benchmarks, and
including corrective measures.
WHAT DO MS DOMESTICATE?
• Regional Policies, Protocols and Legal Instruments
Eg: under Transport we have Trade facilitation instruments
– One stop Border Posts (3)
– Yellow Card
– Carrier Licence
– ETC
No Country HRTC Axle Load Limit Max. Length
22.0m
CCL COMESA
Transit Plates
Overload Control
Certificate
MWG HFX %
Performance
1. Burundi Yes Yes No (18)* No No No No Yes 37.5 1. Comoros N/A. N/A. N/A. N/A. N/A. N/A. N/A. N/A. N/A, 1. Congo D R No Yes No (18)* No No No Yes Yes 37.5 1. Djibouti Yes Yes No(18) No No No No No 25.0 1. Egypt No Yes No(20) No No No Yes No - 1. Eritrea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No 75.0 1. Ethiopia No Yes No(18)* Yes Yes No Yes Yes 62.5 1. Kenya Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes 87.5 1. Libya No Yes NA No No No No No - 1. Madagascar N/A. N/A. N/A. N/A. N/A. N/A. N/A. N/A. N/A, 1. Malawi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes 87.5 1. Mauritius N/A. N/A. N/A. N/A. N/A. N/A. N/A. N/A. N/A, 1. Rwanda Yes Yes No (18)* No No No No Yes 37.5 1. Seychelles N/A. N/A. N/A. N/A. N/A. N/A. N/A. N/A. N/A, 1. Sudan Yes Yes No (18)* No No No Yes No 37.5 1. Swaziland No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes 62.5 1. Uganda Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes 87.5 1. Zambia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 87.5 1. Zimbabwe Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes 87.5 Countries to
Implement
16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
Countries
Implementing
10 13 5 8 6 0 11 10
Percent
Implementation
62.5 81.3 31.3 50.0 43,8 0 56.3 62.5
MFDR MS (VERSUS REGIONAL LEVEL)
PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT – AT MS LEVEL
MACROECONOMIC CONVERGENCE –AT REGIONAL LEVEL
– Growth Percent – Gross National Savings (percent GDP) – Total Investment (Percent of GDP) – Inflation Consumer Prices Annual Average, Percent Change) – Overall Fiscal Balance Excluding Grants – International reserve holdings (Months of Imports of Goods and Services) – External Current Account Including Grants (% of GDP) – Monetary, fiscal and exchange rates policies
• 10 Member States did not meet the inflation target of less than 5% • 9 Member States did not meet the fiscal balance criteria in 2014 • 12 Member States missed external reserve threshold of 4 months
FREE MOVEMENT OF PERSONS-VISA RELAXATION
Ten Council Decisions/ Indicators to measure implementation of Protocol on Free Movement of Persons • Protocol on Visa Relaxation implemented • COMESA counters at International Airports • Bilateral Agreements • Grant of visas to COMESA citizens for up to 90 days on arrival • National consultations on signing of Free Movement Protocol • Member State to carry out audit of National Laws to ensure compliance with
COMESA Protocols • Establish National Monitoring Committee to monitor implementation of Protocol • Day passes for border crossing • Signature on Protocol of Free Movement • Visa Free Travel for COMESA Laser Passé holders under the COMESA Agreement on
Privileges and immunities
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