simple vascular plants

SIMPLE VASCULAR PLANTS

Pteridophytes (Ferns)

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Seedless Vascular Plants

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Divisions Psilophyta – Whisk ferns Lycophyta – Club mosses Sphenophyta – horsetails Pteridophyta - ferns

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Not for examinations

Ferns4

Largest group of extant (living) vascular plants

Wide range of habitats (terrestrial, aquatic, arboreal tree ferns, epiphytic)

Can asexually reproduce by Rhizomes (underground stems)

Rhizome

Ferns5

Dominant Sporophyte stage has true roots, stems, and leaves

Roots and stems underground

Leaves called fronds found above ground and attached to a stem like petiole

Fronds

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the fiddle head coming off the rhizomes.

Parts of the Fern Sporophyte9

Characteristics of Pteridophytes

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Have true leaves and roots Leaves are called fronds New leaves are coiled in a bud

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Characteristics of Pteridophytes

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Roots are fibrous Anchor the plant And absorb water and minerals Grow out of the rhizome

(horizontal stem) that grows partially underground

Characteristics of Pteridophytes

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Have vascular tissue Xylem, tracheids and phloem

Characteristics of Pteridophytes

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Reproduce by means of spores

Spore cases called sporangia are found on the underside of sporophylls

Sporangia often occur in clusters called sori

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Characteristics of Pteridophytes

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Wind spreads spores that land on moist soil & germinate into a prothallus (tiny independent gametophyte) that produces gametes Prothallus

Ferns16

The prothallus starts the Gametophyte stage

Gametophyte is heart shaped and short lived

Male antheridia & female archegonia grow on gametophyte

Sperm swims to egg to fertilize

Prothallus

Archegonia (eggs)

Antheridia Sperm

Characteristics of pteridophytes17

Produce motile male gametes Rely on water for fertilisatiom

Fern Prothallus with archegonia Fern sperm cell

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Egg cells are produced in archegonia

Fern Archegonia.

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Uses for Ferns21

Help prevent erosion Fiddleheads are eaten as food Ornamental plants for yards and homes Helped form coal deposits millions of

years ago

EXTRA

TO DO22

Page 38: Learning Activity 2

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THE END