singrauli map:layout 1 - centre for science and...

India ‘s MinamataSingrauli, the powerhouse of India with massive coal reserves and manythermal power plants, should havebeen prosperous. But it is poor andpolluted. People complain of unex-plained ailments. Non-profit Centrefor Science and Environment decidedto investigate and found that mer-cury, a deadly toxin in coal, is slowlyentering people’s homes, food, waterand even body.

MADHYA PRADESHSingrauli

C S E L A B S T U D Y

OBRA

TELGUDWA

DUDHINAGAR

KhairahiKushmaha

Kirwani

Obra township

Obra TPP

Shakthi Nagar TPP

Vindhyanagar TPP

Obra Dam

Rihand Dam

Renuka river

Murdhawa nallah

Dongiya nallah

Gobind Ballabh Pant Sagar (GBPS) reservoir

Balliya nallah

Dalla CementFactory

Hi TechCarbonHindalco

industries

Aditya Birla Chemicals Limited (Erstwhile Kannoria Chemicals)

Turrapipri

Renukut

Kakri townshipGarbandha

Dibulganj

Bina township

Chilika Daad

Lanco township

NCL Kakri Mines

NCL Bina Mines

NCL Khadia Mines

Renu sagar TPP

ANPARASINGRAULI

SHAKTI NAGAR

WAIDHAN

Singrauli

Sonbhadra

UTTAR PRADESHSonbhadra

LEGEND

Fish samples

Nallah

Ash dykes

Mines

Dam

River

Road

Industry

Thermal Power Plants (TPP)

Khairahi - Kirwani Mercury in humans (n=3)Average mercury levelBlood: 66.68 ppbHair: 1.806 ppmNail: 1.06 ppm

Maximum mercury levelBlood: 113.48 ppbHair: 10.92 ppmNail: 3.04 ppm

SoilMercury: 1.75 ppm

AnparaSoil Mercury: 1.64 ppm

Drinking waterMercury : 0.008 ppm

DibulganjMercury in humans (n=5)Average mercury levelBlood: 32.412 ppbHair: 16.758 ppmNail: 0.418 ppm

Maximum mercury levelBlood: 61.47 ppbHair: 31.32 ppmNail: 2.09 ppm

Drinking waterMercury : 0.026 ppm

SoilMercury: 1.75 ppm Kirwani

SoilMercury: 0.5 ppm

RenukutSoilMercury: 10.09 ppm

KushmahaSoilMercury: 0.57 ppm

ObraMercury in humans (n=3)Average mercury levelBlood: 27.38 ppbHair: 2.673ppmNail: 0.0026 ppm

Maximum mercury levelBlood: 29.92 ppbHair: 6.85 ppmNail: 0.026 ppm

SoilMercury: 0.42 ppm

Dongiya NallahEffluent SampleMercury : 0.127 ppm

GBPS (Near Dongiya Nallah) Surface water sampleMercury : 0.01 ppm

GBPS (Near Dongiya Nallah) Fish sampleMethyl mercury : 0.447 ppm

GBPS (Near Balliya Nallah) Methyl mercury levelFish : 0.505 ppm

Chilika DaadMercury in humans (n=8)Average mercury levelBlood: 25.9 ppbHair: 4.0275 ppmNail: 1.2125 ppm

Maximum mercury levelBlood: 78.68 ppbHair: 30.66 ppmNail: 1.215 ppm

SoilMercury: 1.75 ppm

Mercury standard

SAMPLES STANDARD SOURCE

Blood 5.8 ppb United States Environment Protection Agency (USEPA)

Hair 6.0 ppm Health Department, Canada

Nail no standard

Water 0.001 ppm Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS)

Effluent 0.01 ppm Environment Protection Act, 1986

Soil no standard

Methyl Mercury standard

Fish 0.25 ppm Food Safety and Standard Authority of India (FSSAI)