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‘The Malaysian Alcatraz’
A SITE ANALYSIS OF
PULAU JEREJAK
Mohammad Syarulnizam Irdina Farhanah EliasSiti Munirah Zazarin
Nur Fazlin Zulkifli
KEY PLAN
LOCATION PLAN
JEREJAK ISLAND
SITE PLAN
Defined 100m X 100m boundary
CULTURE AND HISTORY
1786
Arrival of Francis Light
Earl
y
17
86
2013
FRANCIS LIGHT
Francis Light, was believed to be the first to set foot on Pulau Jerejak in 1786, before he went on to discover Pulau Pinang.
1786
Arrival of Francis Light
Official opening of Leper Hospital(built in 1868)
Earl
y
17
86
18
71
2013
LEPERHOSPITAL
1786
Arrival of Francis Light
Official opening of Leper Hospital(built in 1868)
Island designated as health quarantine center for immigrants
Earl
y
17
86
18
71
18
75
2013
THE LEPER CAMP
1786
Arrival of Francis Light
Official opening of Leper Hospital (built in 1868)
Island designated as health quarantine center for immigrants
Leprosarium for Straits Settlement (until 1930s)
Earl
y
17
86
18
71
18
80
18
75
2013
1786
Arrival of Francis Light
Official opening of Leper Hospital(built in 1868)
Island designated as health quarantine center for immigrants
Leprosarium for Straits Settlement (until 1930s)
Memorial located for Russian crew members; WWI
Oct
28
1
91
4
Earl
y
17
86
18
71
18
80
18
75
2013
A memorial is located in the island dedicated to two crew members of the Imperial Russian Navy who died when their cruiser Zhemchug was sunk by the cruiser SMS Emden of the Kaiserliche Marine in the Battle of Penang
RUSSIANMEMORIAL
1786
Arrival of Francis Light
Official opening of Leper Hospital(built in 1868)
Island designated as health quarantine center for immigrants
Leprosarium for Straits Settlement (until 1930s)
Memorial located for Russian crew members; WWI
After WWII, Sanatorium was established
Oct
28
1
91
4
Earl
y
17
86
18
71
18
80
18
75
19
30
2013
After the Second World War, Pulau Jerejak was dubbed as the 'sanatorium' when the island was turned into the refuge for war victims who suffered tuberculosis.
Then, the British colonialists decided to build a sanatorium on the eastern side of the island, to accommodate some 150 people who suffered from leprosy and tuberculosis.
SANATORIUM
1786
Arrival of Francis Light
Official opening of Leper Hospital(built in 1868)
Island designated as health quarantine center for immigrants
Leprosarium for Straits Settlement (until 1930s)
Memorial located for Russian crew members; WWI
After WWII, Sanatorium was established
Jerejak Rehabilitation Centre
Oct
28
1
91
4
Earl
y
17
86
Jun
e 1
2 1
96
9
18
71
18
80
18
75
19
30
2013
1786
Arrival of Francis Light
Official opening of Leper Hospital(built in 1868)
Island designated as health quarantine center for immigrants
Leprosarium for Straits Settlement (until 1930s)
Memorial located for Russian crew members; WWI
After WWII, Sanatorium was established
Jerejak Rehabilitation Centre
The Centre was closed
Oct
28
1
91
4
Earl
y
17
86
Jun
e 1
2 1
96
9
18
71
18
80 O
ct
19
93
18
75
19
30
2013
1786
Arrival of Francis Light
Official opening of Leper Hospital(built in 1868)
Island designated as health quarantine center for immigrants
Leprosarium for Straits Settlement (until 1930s)
Memorial located for Russian crew members; WWI
After WWII, Sanatorium was established
Jerejak Rehabilitation Centre
The Centre was closed
Pulau Jerejak Resort and Spa
Oct
28
1
91
4
Earl
y
17
86
Jun
e 1
2 1
96
9
18
71
18
80 O
ct
19
93
18
75
20
04
19
30
2013
Pulau Jerejak was turned into a tourist attraction in line with efforts to boost Penang’s tourism sector. In 2003, the island's only resort, the Jerejak Resort and Spa, took shape and began operations in January the next year.
Built on the very spot where the leprosarium used to stand, the resort offers dorms, rooms and chalets for tourists who wish to stay overnight.
PULAUJEREJAK
MACROSITE ANALYSIS
CLIMATE
CLIMATIC STATISTICS
CLIMATIC STATISTICS
RELATIONSHIP
Low temperature -> High Humidity -> High Precipitation
High Precipitation and Relative Humidity -> High No. of days with rainfall
High temperature -> Low Humidity -> Low Precipitation
Anomalies (April & May) -> Monsoon season
TIDAL PATTERNS
FACTORS AFFECTING TIDAL PATTERNS
1.The MonsoonMalaysia’s weather: characterized by two monsoon regimes:Southwest Monsoon (Apr-Sept)Northeast Monsoon (Oct-March)
Site (Pulau Jerejak) is affected by the SW Monsoon. Hence, during this period (Apr-Sept), tides are predicted to be high due to high rates of precipitation.
2. WIND PATTERNS
• Based on the meteorological data, the occurrence of the SW Monsoon causes temperatures to be high during this period (highest recorded temp. in May: 31°C)
• Also, dominant wind direction between April and September is from the South West
Area receiving most wind is the Southwest (Penang, Malacca, etc)
dominant wind direction
MONTHLY TIDAL PATTERNS OF PULAU PINANG
JANUARY
FEBRUARY
KEY
MARCH
APRIL
MAY
JUNE
JULY
KEY
AUGUST
SEPTEMBER
OCTOBER
NOVEMBER
DECEMBER
Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Looking at the average tidal height of each month, it can be summarized that…
April to July: high tideJan to March: low tide
CONCLUSION:Hypothesis approved-SW Monsoon causes April toSept: high tide
SUN PATH ANALYSIS
SUN PATH ANALYSIS
8am 10am 6pm
21st April
Shadow casting due to terrain
LAYERING OF FOREST
EMERGENT LAYER
CANOPY LAYER
UNDERSTORY LAYER
FOREST FLOOR
Eurycoma Long Folia,Tongkat Ali
Vitex (Leban or Kulim Papa)
Shorea coriacea (Meranti)
Buchanania spp (Otak Udang)
Dipterocarpus caudiferus
Anisoptera spp(Mersawa)
10m
60m
35m
20m
Shrubs
SOIL AND ROCKS
SOIL
Soil Composition
MineralOrganic Mat-terWaterAir
25%
25%
46%
4%
PROFILE
ROCKS
SCHIST QUARTZITE GRANITE
STRUCTURAL CHANGES
STRUCTURAL CHANGES
2001 2003
Removal of historical buildingsGround ‘scars’ of where structures once stood
STRUCTURAL CHANGES
2005 2008
Overgrowth by vegetationSite was not maintainedPreviously inhabited areas covered by vegetation
STRUCTURAL CHANGES
2010 2012
Process of quarrying where old structures used to standSite clearance and removal of topsoil and vegetation
SPATIAL POETICS
SPATIALPOETICS
ENTRAPMENT
HOPE AMIDST DESPAIR
ISOLATION
MICROSITE ANALYSIS
NEIGHBORING CONTEXT
(EXISTING STRUCTURES)
OLD JETTY
OLD OFFICEBuilt in 1911
Located near prisoners’ jetty onThe North West of the island.
Church converted to an office.
Function:Headquarters for warden officials who look after detainees
Then: Arrival Jetty for detainees and leprosy patients. Currently abandoned.
ABANDONED RESERVOIR
Reasons why reservoir not necessary:
No villages in Jerejak, thus, lowering need for huge water supply.
Absence of high mountains/hills indicating more time to fill up reservoir.
Hill cutting will cause mudflow and affect island ecosystem.
DETENTION / QUARANTINE CENTRE
Served from 1969-1993
12th June 1969, maximum security prison was established.
CLIMATE-CONSCIOUS DESIGN
• Hot and humid Climate• Plenty of openings; windows and metal
grills• Harness most natural lighting during
the day• Maximum air-flow, Allows for good
ventilation
Utilized in Detention Centre & Carpentry Workshop
• Pitch roofs with large overhangs – Minimizes exposed surface
area to sunlight
• Sheds rain
CLIMATE-CONSCIOUS DESIGN• Overhangs/eaves prevent
water from entering building during heavy rain
• Traps hot air and push it through the air vent design under the roof.
MATERIALITY
BRICKS• Strong and Durable
• Low-maintenance.
• Acoustic Performance. Given the dense characteristics of a brick, they are utilized to provide noise insulation between structures.
REINFORCED CONCRETE
• Load-Bearing Properties Due to its strength and durability, concrete is used for the erection of supporting structures.
• Re-usable and recyclable
• Cost Effectiveness. Due to its longevity and its ability to withstand harsh weather conditions, concrete is often the most economical choice
TIN• Heat Transfer Helps to reduce heat build up in attics and finished rooms
• Tough. Strong enough to resist damage from hail and falling tree limbs
• Readily Available Tapping on natural resource that is available on the island allows for ease in transportation and lowers cost for materials
VIEWSViews to site
Views through siteViews from site
12
3
VIEWS TO SITE
1
2
3
AERIAL VIEW
VIEWS TO SITE
1 2
3
VIEWS THROUGH SITE
1
2
3
1
2
VIEWS THROUGH SITE
1
2
1
VIEWS FROM SITE
1
NOISE
Noise generated from:
*Footsteps and voices of passers-by
-Highly evident during 'peak hours' of trekking
*Boat engines
*Sounds of nature-ranges from the sound of wildlife to the rustling of leaves
SWOTANALYSIS
STRENGTH• Close proximity to shoreline• Relatively flat terrain• Compacted soil due to
previous structural erections and human activities• Located close to historical monuments and structures
OPPORTUNITY• Availability of quarried
materials from previous excavations
• Closest point to Pinang Island has a positive impact on transportation cost
• Utilization of old structures (jetty) to accommodate tourists
WEAKNESS
• Initially quarried area may cause soil to give way
• Uneven terrain for certain parts of the site
• Due to the direction of the current, litter will be deposited along the coastline
THREATS
• Tsunami threats (low-lying area)
• Loosely packed soil due to persistent excavations
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