skc - a global company
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world leader in sampling technologies
SKC - A Global Company
SKC is a GLOBAL company
Distributors in over 50 countries
We work as a single company
SKC LtdSKC Ltd
UKUK
01258 48018801258 480188
www.skcltd.comwww.skcltd.com
world leader in sampling technologies
1500 BC EBERS PAPYRUS, EGYPTIAN PHYSICIANS RECOGNIZE TOXIC EFFECTS
4TH C BC HIPPOCRATES, BEGINNING OF SCIENTIFIC OBSERVATION, ASBESTOS DISEASE RECOGNISED
82 BC LEX CORNELIA MAKES POISONING ILLEGAL
54 AD PLINY THE ELDER, MERCURY REFINERS USE BLADDERS OVER FACE TO PROTECT AGAINST DUST
1473 ELLENBORG, RECOGNIZED CHRONIC LEAD AND MERCURY POISONING
1493-1541 PHILIPUS PARACELSUS, CORRELATED "MINERS DISEASES" WITH METAL FUME
1500s CANARIES INTO THE MINES
1519-1589 CATHERINE DE MEDICI, HUMAN EXPERIMENTATION
1556 AGRICOLA, RECOGNIZED "ASTHMA" AMONG MINERS
1700 RAMAZZINI, RECOGNIZED OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES AND PRESCRIBED CURES
1775 PERCIVAL POTT, RECOGNIZED SCROTAL CANCER AS A RESULT OF CLEANING CHIMNEYS
1833 FACTORY ACT, ENGLAND LIMITS HOURS OF CHILD LABOUR 1839 GERMANY BANS CHILD LABOUR IN DANGEROUS OCCUPATIONS
1864 ENGLAND'S FACTORY ACT PROVIDES FOR INSPECTION OF FACTORIES
1877 FACTORY INSPECTION IN USA
1884 K.B. LEHMANN, STUDIED TOXIC EFFECTS OF GASES ON ANIMALS
1905 BENZO (a) PYRENE IDENTIFIED AS CARCINOGEN, FIRST CHEMICAL CARCINOGEN
1910 FIRST NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL DISEASES
Tim
e L
ine
world leader in sampling technologies
Ingestion (uptake) Routes
CONTAMINATIONCONTAMINATION
IN THE IN THE AIRAIR
SKINSKIN
SURFACESURFACE
SPILLSPILLBREATHINBREATHINGG
world leader in sampling technologies
Air Sampling OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENEThe factory/workplaceIndoor air quality
OUR ENVIRONMENTInner citiesAgriculturePesticides - herbicides, - fungicides
INDUSTRIAL Incineration/WasteStacks and DuctsPower generation
world leader in sampling technologies
Air Sample• Air is passed through a tube, filter or other
collecting media, at a set air flowrate.
• The amount collected is checked by the laboratory and reported usually
• in mg/m3 or ppm.
world leader in sampling technologies
Air Sample• To have a valid sample with
MEANINGFUL results you will need:• to select a relevant sample method• to choose the right media• to set the correct flow rate• to sample for an appropriate time• to analyse the sample accordingly
• + COMMON SENSE!
world leader in sampling technologies
• WHO
• WHERE
• WHEN
• WHAT
• HOW
SAMPLING
METHOD
world leader in sampling technologies
Personal V Static
ALL exposure limits are based on
PERSONAL SAMPLES
And MUST be taken in the And MUST be taken in the Breathing ZoneBreathing Zone
30 cm 30 cm Hemisphere Hemisphere around the around the nose and nose and
mouthmouth
world leader in sampling technologies
Types of Contaminant
SOLIDSOLID
AerosolAerosol
FumeFume
SmokeSmoke
DustDust
world leader in sampling technologies
Choosing an Air Sampling Method
• EH 40/2005 - UK guidelines lists M.D.H.S. methods
• Websites: N.I.O.S.H, O.S.H.A., H.S.E.
• Supplier information• Laboratory advice
world leader in sampling technologies
Sources of MethodsUK Methods
- FREE at: www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/mdhs/index.htm - MDHS 42/2
- PurchaseHSE books 01787 881165
- Subscriptionwww.hsedirect.com
- SKC Factfiles onlinewww.skcinc.com/hse/HSE.asp
USA methodswww.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/toc/toc_chemsamp.html methods – ID121/125G.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/database.html-methods - 7300/7301/7303.
world leader in sampling technologies
Guidelines appear in
MDHS 14/3
For Nickel MDHS
42/2 and 91
Health and Safety Executive
world leader in sampling technologies
Sampling for Particulates
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ISO/CEN ConventionsEN481
THORACIC:THORACIC: UPTO 30 MICRONS UPTO 30 MICRONS
RESPIRABLE:RESPIRABLE: UPTO 14 MICRONS UPTO 14 MICRONS
world leader in sampling technologies
Inhalable Dust
• Affects the whole of
the respiratory system
• 100 micron at 50% cut
• Blanket level of…
10 mg/m3Ni = 0.1 or 0.5.mg/m3.
Per EH40/2005.
• Affects the whole of
the respiratory system
• 100 micron at 50% cut
• Blanket level of…
10 mg/m3Ni = 0.1 or 0.5.mg/m3.
Per EH40/2005.
world leader in sampling technologies
Inhalable Dust samplingThe I.O.M. sampler
• Inhalable sampler
• Cassette system
• All collected dust is measured
• Easily handled
• No contact with filter
• Mimics inhalation by a person
• Multi fraction sampling with
foam inserts
IOM IOM samplersampler
IOM IOM cassettecassette TransporTranspor
t clipt clip
Front Cassette Filter Support O Front Cassette Filter Support O ring Bodyring Bodycover front gridcover front grid
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IOM Cassette
• IOM Cassette.• Cassette and filter are
pre and post weighed as a single unit
1.5000
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Sample Train
Is made up of :• Pump• Connecting tube• Sampler
• This should be calibrated to a flow of 2 L/min
SAMPLESAMPLERR
CONNECTINGCONNECTINGTUBETUBE
PUMPPUMP
world leader in sampling technologies
CalibrationTo Calibrate• Switch on pump• Connect sampler to
calibrator• Ensure no leaks• Adjust flow to
recommended level• Switch off pump
world leader in sampling technologies
Sample train calibration• Calibration in the case of air sampling with
active systems, is defined as:
• The setting of the air flow through the filter medium, to the recommended level for the method being used.
• Flow should be checked before and after EACH sample. (UK MDHS method series)
world leader in sampling technologies
Electronic Calibration
• Easy to use
• Accurate
• Quick results
• Not open to misinterpretation
• More expensive option
world leader in sampling technologies
Rotameters
• Cheap option• Simple to use• Accuracy can vary• Open to misreading• Come as ‘ball’ or
‘float’ reading• FSD
world leader in sampling technologies
Surface and Skin Monitoring
• Monitoring the redness, hydration and epidermal waterloss of skin can be a useful measure of exposure
• Monitor the surfaces where exposure occurs for cleanliness •Niosh 9102.
world leader in sampling technologies
Ventilation Systems
•Regular checks should be made
that your ventilation system
is working correctly
world leader in sampling technologies
Any Questions?
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