slavery and abolition
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Slavery and Abolition
8.2
Slavery became an explosive issue, as Southerners increasingly defended it, while Northerners increasingly attacked it.
In addition, the abolition movement gained momentum in attempting to end slavery.
Main Idea
Abolition William Lloyd
Garrison Frederick
Douglass
Abolitionists Speak Out
Definition - movement to outlaw slavery that gained momentum in the 1830s
Aboltionist Movement
Abolition
white abolitionist and newspaper editor in Boston, Massachusetts◦ In 1831, he began
publishing The Liberator, a newspaper that called for immediate, uncompensated emancipation (freeing of slaves)
◦ In 1833, he started the American Anti-Slavery Society, a group of white and black members who were committed to ending slavery
William Lloyd Garrison
American abolitionist and escaped slave from Maryland who became a public speaker for the American Anti-Slavery Society
• Eventually published his own newspaper, The Northstar
Frederick Douglass
U.S. had 2 million slaves by 1830, and by 1860, the U.S. had 4 million slaves
Most slaves had been born in the U.S., spoke English, and worked on plantations
Marriage allowed but not legally protected by law
Life Under Slavery
Plantation (rural) slavery◦ Slaves worked from
dawn until dusk in the fields
◦ A white overseer or slave driver was placed in charge of work crews to make sure slaves worked throughout the day
Plantation Slavery
some skilled jobs in cities were opened up for slaves◦ Mill work, shipping,
carpentry, blacksmithing
◦ Slave owners hired out their slaves to factory owners
Urban Slavery
Stono Rebellion Gabriel Prosser Denmark Vesey Nat Turner’s
Rebellion
Slave Rebellions
(1739) – 20 slaves in South Carolina tried to escape to Spanish controlled Florida◦ all were captured
and killed, then beheaded
Sometimes called Cato's Conspiracy
Stono Rebellion
Stono Rebellion
(1800) – plotted to take over Richmond, Virginia◦ Captured and killed
Gabriel Prosser
(1820) – plotted to take over Charleston, South Carolina◦ He and his followers
were captured and killed before they rebelled
Denmark Vesey
(1831) – 80 slaves in Virginia attacked several plantations, killing 60 whites◦ State militia
captured Turner and his followers
◦ Put on trial, convicted, and hanged
Nat Turner’s Rebellion
white on black violence erupted (200 blacks killed)
southern whites determined to defend the institution of slavery
slave codes – state laws passed to restrict slaves’ activities
Significance of the Slave Rebellions
Women and Reform
8.3
At the same time the abolitionist and temperance movements grew, another reform movement to give equal rights to women took root. This became known as the women’s suffrage (right to vote) movement.
Main Idea
cult of domesticity – def. – dominant idea of the 1800s that married women were restricted to housework and child care◦ no political rights for
women – no right to vote
Women’s Roles in the Mid-1800s
abolition movement
education movement
temperance movement
Women became socially active in the mid-1800’s
women became active in trying to abolish slavery
Abolition movement
women became active in pushing for more educational opportunities for women
Education movement
women became active in trying to prohibit the drinking of alcohol
Temperance movement
Significance - all of these social movements provided women with the opportunity to become active outside of the home, which helped lead to the push for increased rights
Womens Role in the Mid-1800’s
Susan B. Anthony
Seneca Falls Convention
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Women’s Rights Movement Emerges
◦ Became a leading advocate for women’s suffrage in the mid to late 1800s
◦ Along with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, founded NAWSA (National American Woman Suffrage Association) in 1890
Susan B. Anthony
(1848) – women’s right convention held by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott◦ Women there drafted the “Declaration of Sentiments”
to call for increased women’s rights including the right to vote Based on the Declaration of Independence “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women
are created equal.”
Seneca Falls Convention
◦ Attended an anti-slavery convention in Great Britain (1840) where women were discriminated against
◦ Decided to form a women’s rights convention and establish a women’s rights movement
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Quiz SOL Wrap Up
Next Time
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