slide 1 lipid bilayer fluid one layer of lipids one layer of lipids stepped art figure 4.3 page 56

Slide 1

lipid bilayer

fluid

fluid

one layerof lipids

one layerof lipids

Stepped Art

Figure 4.3Page 56

Slide 2

Protein pump across

bilayer

Protein channel

across bilayer

Protein pump

Recognition protein

Receptor protein

extracellular environment

cytoplasm

lipid bilayer

Figure 4.4Page 57

Slide 3

0.5 1.0 1.5

0.79

0.06

3.14 7.07

0.52 1.77

Diameter (cm):

Surface area (cm2):

Volume (cm3):

Surface- to-volume ratio:

13.17:1 6.04:1 3.99:1

Figure 4.5Page 57

Slide 4

ocular lens

objective lens

stage

condenser

illuminator

prism

source of illumination

Figure 4.6bPage 58

Slide 5

viewing screen

projector lens

intermediate lens

objective lens

specimencondenser lens

accelerated electron flow (top to bottom)

Figure 4.7Page 58

Slide 6

frog egg3 mm

typical plant cell10-100 µm

mitochondrion1-5 µm

chloroplast2-10 µm

human redblood cell7-8 µmdiameter

Trypanosoma(protozoan)25 µm long

Chlamydomonas(green alga)5-6 µm long

polio virus30 nm

HIV(AIDS virus)100 nm

T4 bacteriophage225 nm long

tobacco mosaic virus300 nm long

DNA molecule2 nm diameter

Unaided Vision

Electron Microscope (Down To 0.5 Nm)

Light Microscope (Down To 200 Nm)

Escherichia coli (bacterium)1-5 µm long

1 centimeter (cm) = 1/100 meter, or 0.4 inch

1 millimeter (mm) = 1/1,000 meter

1 micrometer (µm) = 1/1,000,000 meter

1 nanometer (nm) = 1/1,000,000,000 meter

1 meter = 102 cm = 103 mm = 106 µm = 109 nm

1 mm 100 µm 10 µm 1 µm 100 nm 10 nm 1 nm 0.5 nm

Figure 4.8Page 59

Slide 7

microtubules(components of cytoplasm)

Golgi body

vesicle

microfilaments(components of cytoskeleton)

mitochondrion

chloroplast

central vacuole

rough ER)

ribosomes (attached to rough ER)

ribosomes in cytoplasm

smooth ER

DNA + nucleoplasm

nucleolusnuclear envelope

NUCLEUS

plasma membrane

cell wall

Figure 4.10aPage 61

Slide 8

microfilaments

microtubules

components ofcytoskeleton

plasma membrane

mitochondrion

nuclear envelope

nucleolus

DNA + nucleoplasm

NUCLEUS

vesicle

lysosome

rough ER

ribosomes

smooth ER

vesicle

Golgi body

pair ofcentrioles

Figure 4.10bPage 61

Slide 9

cytoplasm

nucleus

plasma membrane

nuclear envelope

nucleoplasm

nucleolus

chromatinFigure 4.11a,b

Page 62

Slide 10

Nuclear pore bilayer facing cytoplasm Nuclear envelope

bilayer facing nucleoplasm

Figure 4.12bPage 63

Slide 11

one unduplicated chromosome

one duplicated chromosome

one duplicated, condensed chromosome

In-text figure Page 63

Stepped Art

Slide 12

5 Vesicles from the Golgi body transport products to the plasmamembrane. Products arereleased by exocytosis.

4 Proteins and lipids take onfinal form inside Golgi body. Modifications enable them to be sorted out and shipped to proper destinations.

3 Vesicles bud from the ERmembrane and transportunfinished proteins and lipids to a Golgi body.

2 In the membrane of smoothER, lipids are assembled.

1 Some polypeptide chainsenter the rough ER. Modifications begin.

Endocytic vesicles format plasma membrane andmove into the cytoplasm. They might fuse withthe membrane of otherorganelles or remain intact, asstorage vesicles.

Exocytic vesicles budfrom ER and Golgimembranes, travel to and fuse with plasma membrane.Their contents are therebyreleased from the cell.

DNA instructions forbuilding polypeptidechains leave the nucleusand enter the cytoplasm.

assorted vesicles

Golgibody

smooth ER

rough ER

Chains are assembled on ribosomes in cytoplasm. Figure 4.13

Page 64

Slide 13

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Figure 4.14Page 65

Slide 14

internal spacebudding vesicle

Golgi body

Figure 4.15Page 65

Slide 15

outercompartment

innercompartment

outer membrane inner membrane

repeated foldings of inner membrane (cristae)

Figure 4.16Page 66

Slide 16

inner membranesystem (thylakoidmembrane)

granum stroma

two outermostmembrane layers

Figure 4.17Page 66

Slide 17

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)Nucleus

Mitochondrion Plasma

Membrane

nuclear envelope

nucleolus

Cell Wall Chloroplast

Central Vacuole

Figure 4.18Page 68

Slide 18

Plasma Membrane Golgi Body Lysosome

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

nuclear envelope

nucleolus

Nucleus Mitochondrion

Figure 4.19Page 69

Slide 19

tubulinsubunit

actinsubunit

onepolypeptidechain

microtubule microfilament

intermediate filament

Figure 4.21Page 71

Slide 20

Kinesin Dynein

end that binds cell component

item to be movedbinds here

ATP binding head

ATP binding head

microtubuleminus end plus end

Figure 4.23Page 72

Slide 21

Ribbon model for kinesin

Figure 4.24aPage 72

Slide 22

Figure 4.24bPage 72

Slide 23

one of the outer ring’s pairs of microtubules(doublets)

dynein arm

two centralmicrotubules

central sheath

base of flagellum or cilium

plasma membrane

basal body

plasma membrane

Figure 4.25Page73

Slide 24

plasmamembrane

middle lamella

primarycell wall

plasmodesmata

Figure 4.27bPage 74

Slide 25

three-layersecondary wall

primarycell wall

space once occupied by cytoplasm of living cell

fibers from flax stem Figure 4.27d,ePage74

Slide 26

tight junctions

adhering junction

gap junction

Figure 4.29Page 75

Slide 27

bacterial flagellum

pilus

capsule

cell wall

plasma membrane

cytoplasm

DNA

ribosomes in cytoplasm

Figure 4.30Page 76