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Slide 1 of 46
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Concentrations of Solutions> Molarity
The _________________ of a solution is a
measure of the amount of solute that is dissolved
in a given quantity of solvent.
• A _________ solution is one that contains a
___________ amount of solute.
• A ______________ solution contains a
____________ amount of solute.
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Slide 2 of 46
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Concentrations of Solutions> Molarity
____________ (M) is the number of
moles of solute dissolved in one liter of
solution.
To calculate the ______________ of
a solution, divide the _______ of
_________ by the ___________ of
the ____________.
16.2
Slide 3 of 46
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Concentrations of Solutions> Molarity
To make a 0.5-molar (0.5M) solution, first add 0.5 mol of solute to a 1-L volumetric flask half filled with distilled water.
16.2
Swirl the flask carefully to dissolve the solute.
Fill the flask with water exactly to the 1-L mark.
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 8 of 46
Concentrations of Solutions> Making Dilutions
Diluting a solution _____________ the
number of ___________ of solute per
__________ ________________, but the
_________ ____________ of moles of
solute in solution does __________
change.
16.2
Slide 9 of 46
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Concentrations of Solutions> Making Dilutions
The total number of moles of solute remains unchanged upon dilution, so you can write this equation.
M1 and V1 are the molarity and volume of the initial solution, and M2 and V2 are the molarity and volume of the diluted solution.
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Slide 10 of 46
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Concentrations of Solutions> Making Dilutions
To prepare 100 ml of 0.40M MgSO4 from a stock solution of 2.0M MgSO4, a student first measures 20 mL of the stock solution with a 20-mL pipet.
16.2
She then transfers the 20 mL to a 100-mL volumetric flask.
Finally she carefully adds water to the mark to make 100 mL of solution.
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Slide 12 of 46
Practice Problems
Problem Solving 16.12 Solve Problem 12 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.
for Sample Problem 16.4
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Slide 13 of 46
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Concentrations of Solutions> Percent Solutions
The ________________ of a
solution in percent can be expressed
in two ways: as the _________ of the
volume of the _______ to the volume
of the __________ or as the _______
of the mass of the ____________ to
the mass of the ____________.
16.2
Slide 14 of 46
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Concentrations of Solutions> Percent Solutions
Concentration in Percent (Volume/Volume)
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Slide 15 of 46
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Concentrations of Solutions> Percent Solutions
Isopropyl alcohol (2-propanol) is sold as a 91% solution. This solution consist of 91 mL of isopropyl alcohol mixed with enough water to make 100 mL of solution.
16.2
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 17 of 46
Practice Problems
Practice Problems For Sample Problem 16.5
Problem-Solving 16.15 Solve Problem 15 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.
for Sample Problem 16.5
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