slump of freshly mixed portland cement
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7/23/2019 Slump of Freshly Mixed Portland Cement
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METHODOLOGY 1
32
Methodology
Materials/Equipment:
In doing this experiment, the following materials and
equipment are needed: cement, ne aggregates, coarse
aggregates, water, weighing scale, measuring steel tape (ruler),
mold in the form of lateral surface of frustum with a top diameter
of 1!mm ("in#), $ottom diameter of !%mm (&in#), and a height
of %'mm (1!in#), siee ($ista), $uc*et, tra, scoop, shoel, and a
tamping rod with a length of #+m (!"in#), diameter of 1+mm
('/&in#), and rounded ends#
rocedure:
-o $e a$le to do this experiment, rst, siee the neaggregates and coarse aggregates# .ext, weigh the materials
$ased on the needed mass (water, ne aggregates, coarse
aggregates, cement)# .ext, mix the concrete manuall (cement,
ne aggregates, coarse aggregates)# -hen pour some water# .ext,
dampen the mold and place it with its larger $ase at the $ottom#
old the mold rml in place $ standing on the two foot pieces#
-hen immediatel ll the mold in three laers# -amp it !'times
eer laer# -hen, immediatel remoe the mold from the concrete
$ raising it up carefull without lateral or torsional motion# (.ote:
the slump test must $e completes !#' minutes after ta*ing the
sample)# -hen, place the mold $eside the concrete and put the
tamping rod on the mold hori0ontal to the concrete# -hen nall,
measure the slump of the concrete using a ruler#
Computation (Trial 1)
ata:
esign 2riteria:
34c 5 16Mpa
Minimum dimension 5 1!mm
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COMPUTATION (Trial 1) 2
32
2lear space $etween reinforcement 5 1 mm
2lear space $etween reinforcement and forms 5 6'mm
2ourse aggregate:
7ul* oen dr 89 5 !#+1
$sorption 5 #";
<en dr=rodded densit 5 1'> *g/m%
Moisture content 5 !#1&;
3ine aggregate
7ul* oen dr 89 5 !#"+
$sorption 5 #&;
Moisture content 5 %#'!;
3ineness modulus 5 !#6
8hape 5 su$ angular
Maximum aggregate si0e 5 !? ('mm)
.ote: esign is to $e used for plain footings
@se maximum slump
Step 1: Evaluate strength requirement
34c 5 16Mpa
.ote:
16Mpa A !1Mpa
@se: 34cr 5 34c B 6#
34cr 5 16Mpa B 6#
34cr 5 !"Mpa
Step 2: Determine the water!ement ratio
.ote: Cefer to -a$le 1# for the water=cement ratio -a$le 1# Dater=cement ratio
34cr Mpa(psi)F
Dater=2ement Catio $ weight.on=ir=Entrained
2oncrete
ir=Entrained
2oncrete16 (!') #+6 #'"!1(%) #'& #"+
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COMPUTATION (Trial 1) 3
32
!"(%') #'1 #"!&(") #"" #%'%1("') #%& GG%'(') GG GG
Ceferring to -a$le 1#,Dater=2ement Catio 5 #'1
Step ": Evaluate !oarse aggregate requirement
Maximum aggregate si0e 5 !? ('mm)
a# Maximum aggregate si0e determination
3orm imensions 5 1/' (1!mm)
5 !" mm H 'mm
2lear space $etween reinforcement 5 (1mm)
5 6'mm H 'mm
2lear space $etween reinforcement and forms 5 (6'mm)
5 '+#!'mm H
'mm$# .ominal maximum aggregate si0e 5 1 J? (%6#' mm)
3ineness modulus 5 !#6
.ote: Cefer to -a$le 1#1 for the 3ineness Modulus -a$le 1#1
.ominal
Maximum
aggregate si0e,
mm(in#)
3ineness Modulus
!#" !#+ !#& %#
>#' (%/&) #' #"& #"+ #""1!#' (1/!) #'> #'6 #'' #'%1> (%/") #++ #+" #+! #+!' (1) #61 #+> #+6 #+'
%6#' (1 J)( #6' #6% #61 #+>' (!) #6& #6+ #6" #6!6' (%) #&! #& #6& #6+
1' (+) #&6 #&' #&% #&1
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COMPUTATION (Trial 1) 4
32
COMPUTATION (Trial 1) 5
32
8ince there is no !#6 3ineness modulus in the ta$le, use
interpolation:
2.80−2.70
2.80−2.60=
0.71− x
0.71−0.73
K 5 #6!
-herefore:
L(course) 5 1'>*g/m% (#6!)
L (course) 5 11"'*g/m%
Step #: Determine air entrainment requirement
.ote: Cefer to -a$le 1#! for the air=entrainment requirement
-a$le 1#!
.ominal Maximum ggregate 8i0e>#' 1!#' 1> !' %6#' ' 6' 1'
.on=air=entrained % !#' ! 1#' 1 #' #% #!ir=entrained Mild exposure "#' "# %#' %# !#' !# 1#' 1# Moderate exposure +# '#' '# "#' "#' "# %#' %# 8eer exposure 6#' 6# +# +# '#' '# "#' "#
Ceferring to -a$le 1#!
; olume of air 5 1;
Step $: Evaluate wor%a&ility requirements o' the plasti!
!on!rete
.ote: Cefer to -a$le 1#%
-a$le 1#%
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COMPUTATION (Trial 1) 6
32
2oncrete 2onstruction8lump, mm(in#)
Maximum MinimumCeinforced foundation walls and footings 6'(%) !'(1)lain footings, caissons, and su$structure walls 6'(%) !'(1)7eams and reinforced walls 1(") !'(1)
7uilding columns 1(") !'(1)aements and sla$s 6'(%) !'(1)Mass concrete 6'(%) !'(1)
Ceferring to -a$le 1#%,
lain footings: Maximum slump 5 6'mm
Minimum slump 5 !"mm
Step : Estimate the water !ontent requirements o' the mi
8hape 5 su$angular
.ominal maximum aggregate si0e
.ote: Cefer to -a$le 1#" and -a$le 1#'
-a$le 1#"
ggregate 8hape Ceduction in water content, *g/m%(l$/d%)8u$angular 1!(!)9rael with crushed
particles!1(%')
Cound grael !6("')
-a$le 1#'
8lump,
mm(in#)
.ominal Maximum ggregate 8i0e, mm(in#)
>#'(%/&) 1!#'(1/!) 1>(%/") !'(1)%6#'(1
1/!)'(!) 6'(%) 1'(+)
.on=air=entrained concrete
!'='
(1=!)
!6
(%')
1>>
(%%')
1>
(%1')
16>
(%)
1++
(!6')
1'"
(!+)
1%
(!!)
11%
(1>)
6'=1
(%=")
!!&
(%&')
!1+
(%+')
!'
(%")
1>%
(%!')
1&1
(%)
1+>
(!&')
1"'
(!"')
1!"
(!1)1'=16'
(+=6)
!"%
("1)
!!&
(%&')
!1+
(%+)
!!
(%")
1>
(%1')
16&
(%)
1+
(!6)=
ir=entrained concrete
!'='
(1=!)
1&1
%')
16'
(!>')
1+&
(!&)
1+
(!6)
1'
(!')
1"!
(!")
1!!
(!')
16
(1&)
6'=1
(%=")
!!
(%")
1>%
(%!')
1&"
(%')
16'
(!>')
1+'
(!6')
1'6
(!+')
1%%
(!!')
11>
(!)
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COMPUTATION (Trial 1) 7
32
1'=16'
(+=6)
!1+
(%+')
!'
(%"')
1>6
(%!')
1&"
(%1)
16"
(!>)
1++
(!&)
1'"
(!+)=
Ceferring to -a$le 1#" and -a$le 1#',
L(water) 5 1&1*g/m% 1!*g/m%
L (water) 5 1+>*g/m%
Step *: Determine !ementing materials !ontent and type
needed
Dater=cement ratio 5 #'1
L(water) 5 1+>*g/m%
ρ water
ρcement
=ratio
;
169 kg
m3
ρcement
=0.51
L (cement) 5 %%1*g/m%
Step +: Evaluate ,ne aggregate requirements
3or the computation of the percentage of mix, use the formula:
%x= ρ x
SG
( ρ
H 2
O )
water=
169 kg
m3
1(1000 k g
m3 )=0.169
cement =
331 kg
m3
3.15
(1000
kg
m3
)
=0.105
Air void=0.01
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COMPUTATION (Trial 1) 8
32
coarse=
1145 kg
m3
2.61(1000 kg
m3 )=0.439
-otal 5 #1+> B#1' B #1 B #"%>
5 #6!%
-herefore:
3ine 5 1 #6!%
5 #!66
L(ne) 5 89(xne)(L!<)
5 !#"+(#!66)(1*g/m%)
L (ne) 5 +&1*g/m%
Step -: Determine moisture !orre!tions
2ourse 5 11"'*g/m%
B 11"'*g/m%
(#!1&) 5 116*g/m%
3ine 5 +&1*g/m% B +&1*g/m%(#%'!)
5 6'*g/m%
Dater 5 1+>*g/m% = 11"'*g/m%(#!1&=#")
=+&1*g/m%(#%'!=#&)
5 1%*g/m%
Step 1.: Ma%e and test trial mies
2ement 5 %%1*g/m%(+#' x 1=% m%)
5 !#1'*g
Dater 5 1%*g/m%(+#' x 1=% m%)
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COMPUTATION (Trial 1) 9
32
O!E"#ATION (Trial 1) 1$
32
5 #&'*g
2oarse 5 116*g/m%(+#' x 1=% m%)
5 6#+1*g
3ine 5 6'*g/m%(+#' x 1=% m%)
5 "#'&*g
/&servation (Trial 1)
Dhile performing this experiment, we hae o$sered some thingsthat we should $e giing importanceN it ma aOect the experiment or
the data that will $e gathered# 3irst thing we hae o$sered is the ne
aggregates, it has too man ants and it seems to $e in 8urface r
condition# .ext thing that we hae o$sered is when we are mixing
the ne and coarse aggregates, cement and water, it seems that we
lac* in the amount of water $ecause the mix is not that paste li*e, it is
porous# lso when we lled !/% of the mold with the mix, the mold is
lifting as we tamp the mix on it resulting some of the mix to get out
under the mold# Pastl is in the later part of our experiment, we failed
to produce een an inch of slump, it ma $e the results of our
computation is wrong#
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"ECOMMENDATION (Trial 1) 11
32
0e!ommendation (Trial 1)
In this experiment, seeral recommendations were needed in
order to o$tain great results#
• lwas wear ersonal rotectie Equipment (E) such as
gloes, shirt and other protectie equipment in order to $e safe
while performing the experiment#
• 2hec* if our computation for the required amount of materials
li*e coarse aggregates, ne aggregates, water and cement
follows our design criteria#
• o not forget to tamp our ortland 2ement mix !' times#
• @se -a$le 6#1 in getting the water cement ratio $ecause it giesmore accurate water=cement ratio than ta$le 6#!
• 8trictl follow the procedure of the experiment to get a great
result#
• @se moist aggregate $ecause if ou will use dr aggregate, it
will aOect the slump of the ortland cement mix#
• 2hec* the weigh if it has an accurac to #1
Do!umentation (Trial 1)
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DOCUMENTATION (Trial 1)
12
32
T%& 'a * +%& ,-+ai-&r .a '&a/r&0 &*r& /++i- ,&'&-+- i+ a-0 '&a/ri- i+ aai-
A ,&r+ai- a'/-+ * *i-& ar&a+& .&r& +ai-&0 i&i-
A 459 * *i-& ar&a+& .&r& /+ i-+ +%& +&&l /,&+
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DOCUMENTATION (Trial 1) 13
32
A 694 * ,ar& ar&a+& .&r&+ai-&0
T%& 'a+&rial -&&0&0 *r
,-,r&+& 'ai- .&r& la,&0- a *la+ /r*a,&
T%& la+ 'a+&rial -&&0&0
$88 * .a+&r .a r&ar&0
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DOCUMENTATION (Trial 1) 14
32
DOCUMENTATION (Trial 1)
15
32
T%& 'a+&rial .&r& 'i&0 +%r/%l
T%& ,-,r&+& .a la,&0 i-+ +%&
'l0 +%r&& la&r: a-0 &a,%
la&r .a r00&0 25 +i'&
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DOCUMENTATION (Trial 1)
16
32
Computation (Trial 2)
ata:
esign 2riteria:
34c 5 16Mpa
Minimum dimension 5 1!mm
2lear space $etween reinforcement 5 1 mm
2lear space $etween reinforcement and forms 5 6'mm
2ourse aggregate:7ul* oen dr 89 5 !#+1
$sorption 5 #";
<en dr=rodded densit 5 1'> *g/m%
Moisture content 5 !#1&;
3ine aggregate
7ul* oen dr 89 5 !#"+
A l/' +&+ .a ,-0/,+&0 a*+&r +ai- /+ +%& 'l0
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COMPUTATION (Trial 2) 17
32
$sorption 5 #&;
Moisture content 5 %#'!;
3ineness modulus 5 !#6
8hape 5 angular
Maximum aggregate si0e 5 1? (!'mm)
.ote: esign is to $e used for plain footings
@se maximum slump
Step 1: Evaluate strength requirement
34c 5 16Mpa
.ote:
16Mpa A !1Mpa
@se: 34cr 5 34c B 6#
34cr 5 16Mpa B 6#
34cr 5 !"Mpa
Step 2: Determine the water!ement ratio
.ote: Cefer to -a$le 1# for the water=cement ratio
-a$le 1# Dater=cement ratio
34cr Mpa(psi)F
Dater=2ement Catio $ weight.on=ir=Entrained
2oncrete
ir=Entrained
2oncrete16 (!') #+6 #'"!1(%) #'& #"+!"(%') #'1 #"!&(") #"" #%'%1("') #%& GG
%'(') GG GG
Ceferring to -a$le 1#,
Dater=2ement Catio 5 #'1
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COMPUTATION (Trial 2) 18
32
COMPUTATION (Trial 2) 19
32
Step ": Evaluate !oarse aggregate requirement
Maximum aggregate si0e 5 1? (!'mm)
a# Maximum aggregate si0e determination
3orm imensions 5 1/' (1!mm)
5 !" mm H !'mm
2lear space $etween reinforcement 5 (1mm)
5 6'mm H !'mm
2lear space $etween reinforcement and forms 5 (6'mm)
5 '+#!'mm H
!'mm$# .ominal maximum aggregate si0e 5 %/"? (1> mm)
3ineness modulus 5 !#6
.ote: Cefer to -a$le 1#1 for the 3ineness Modulus -a$le 1#1
.ominal
Maximum
aggregate si0e,
mm(in#)
3ineness Modulus
!#" !#+ !#& %#
>#' (%/&) #' #"& #"+ #""1!#' (1/!) #'> #'6 #'' #'%1> (%/") #++ #+" #+! #+!' (1) #61 #+> #+6 #+'
%6#' (1 J)( #6' #6% #61 #+>' (!) #6& #6+ #6" #6!6' (%) #&! #& #6& #6+
1' (+) #&6 #&' #&% #&1
8ince there is no !#6 3ineness modulus in the ta$le, use
interpolation:
2.80−2.70
2.80−2.60=
0.62− x
0.62−0.64
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COMPUTATION (Trial 2) 2$
32
K 5 #+%
-herefore:
L(course) 5 1'>*g/m% (#+%)
L (course) 5 1!*g/m%
Step #: Determine air entrainment requirement
.ote: Cefer to -a$le 1#! for the air=entrainment requirement
-a$le 1#!
.ominal Maximum ggregate 8i0e>#' 1!#' 1> !' %6#' ' 6' 1'
.on=air=entrained % !#' ! 1#' 1 #' #% #!ir=entrained Mild exposure "#' "# %#' %# !#' !# 1#' 1# Moderate exposure +# '#' '# "#' "#' "# %#' %# 8eer exposure 6#' 6# +# +# '#' '# "#' "#
Ceferring to -a$le 1#!
; olume of air 5 !;
Step $: Evaluate wor%a&ility requirements o' the plasti!
!on!rete
.ote: Cefer to -a$le 1#%
-a$le 1#%
2oncrete 2onstruction8lump, mm(in#)
Maximum MinimumCeinforced foundation walls and footings 6'(%) !'(1)lain footings, caissons, and su$structure walls 6'(%) !'(1)
7eams and reinforced walls 1(") !'(1)7uilding columns 1(") !'(1)aements and sla$s 6'(%) !'(1)Mass concrete 6'(%) !'(1)
Ceferring to -a$le 1#%,
lain footings: Maximum slump 5 6'mm
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COMPUTATION (Trial 2) 21
32
Minimum slump 5 !"mm
Step : Estimate the water !ontent requirements o' the mi
8hape 5 su$angular
.ominal maximum aggregate si0e
.ote: Cefer to -a$le 1#" and -a$le 1#'
-a$le 1#"
ggregate 8hape Ceduction in water content, *g/m%(l$/d%)8u$angular 1!(!)9rael with crushed
particles!1(%')
Cound grael !6("')
-a$le 1#'
8lump,
mm(in#)
.ominal Maximum ggregate 8i0e, mm(in#)
>#'(%/&) 1!#'(1/!) 1>(%/") !'(1)%6#'(1
1/!)'(!) 6'(%) 1'(+)
.on=air=entrained concrete!'='
(1=!)
!6
(%')
1>>
(%%')
1>
(%1')
16>
(%)
1++
(!6')
1'"
(!+)
1%
(!!)
11%
(1>)6'=1
(%=")
!!&
(%&')
!1+
(%+')
!'
(%")
1>%
(%!')
1&1
(%)
1+>
(!&')
1"'
(!"')
1!"
(!1)1'=16'
(+=6)
!"%
("1)
!!&
(%&')
!1+
(%+)
!!
(%")
1>
(%1')
16&
(%)
1+
(!6)=
ir=entrained concrete
!'='
(1=!)
1&1
%')
16'
(!>')
1+&
(!&)
1+
(!6)
1'
(!')
1"!
(!")
1!!
(!')
16
(1&)
6'=1
(%=")
!!
(%")
1>%
(%!')
1&"
(%')
16'
(!>')
1+'
(!6')
1'6
(!+')
1%%
(!!')
11>
(!)
1'=16'
(+=6)
!1+
(%+')
!'
(%"')
1>6
(%!')
1&"
(%1)
16"
(!>)
1++
(!&)
1'"
(!+)=
Ceferring to -a$le 1#" and -a$le 1#',L (water) 5 !'*g/m%
Step *: Determine !ementing materials !ontent and type
needed
Dater=cement ratio 5 #'1
L(water) 5 !'*g/m%
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COMPUTATION (Trial 2) 22
32
ρ water
ρcement
=ratio
;
205 kg
m3
ρcement
=0.51
L (cement) 5 "!*g/m%
Step +: Evaluate ,ne aggregate requirements
3or the computation of the percentage of mix, use the formula:
%x= ρ x
SG ( ρ H 2O )
water=
205 kg
m3
1(1000 kg
m3)=0.205
cement =
402 kg
m3
3.15
(1000
kg
m3
)
=0.128
Air void=0.02
coarse=
1002kg
m3
2.61(1000 kg
m3 )=0.384
-otal 5 #!' B #1!& B #! B #%&" 5 #6%6
-herefore:
3ine 5 1 #6%6
5 #!+%
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COMPUTATION (Trial 2) 23
32
COMPUTATION (Trial 2) 24
32
L(ne) 5 89(xne)(L!<)
5 !#"+(#!+%)(1*g/m%)
L (ne) 5 +"6*g/m%
Step -: Determine moisture !orre!tions
2ourse 5 1!*g/m% B 1!*g/m%(#!1&)
5 1!"*g/m%
3ine 5 +"6*g/m% B +"6*g/m%(#%'!) 5 +6*g/m%
Dater 5 !'*g/m% = 1!*g/m%(#!1&=#")
=+"6*g/m%(#%'!=#&)
5 16*g/m%
Step 1.: Ma%e and test trial mies
2ement 5 "!*g/m%(6# x 1=% m%)
5 !#&1*g
Dater 5 16*g/m%(6# x 1=% m%)
5 1#1>*g
2oarse 5 1!"*g/m%(6# x 1=% m%)
5 6#16*g
3ine 5 +6*g/m%(6# x 1=% m%)
5 "#+>*g
/&servation (Trial 2)
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O!E"#ATION (Trial 2) 25
32
Dhile performing the second trial of the experiment, the group
hae o$sered that the ne and coarse aggregates in the dump were
wet due to the rain that poured a night $efore# Dhile we4re mixing it
with cement and water, the group has noticed that it was $etter than
the rst trial which reall lac*ed amount of water# It has $een
assumed to hae a greater slump in the end of the trial# 7ut when
putting the mixtures into the cone, we had $een ta*en longer time in
accomplishing it, causing its water to go down until it spilled out the
cone# lso, we hae tamped it harder that intended the cone to lift up
and the group didn4t notice it immediatel so the water spilled#
Dhen the group alread agreed, we pulled out the cone and
measured its slump# It had slump as the group expected $ut it Qust
gae out less than % inches of slump which supposedl should $e in
the range of !=+ inches# -he group restudied the computation until found out that the gien
ta$le to $e used was the one that has a conseratie mix# <ne more
o$seration after the second trial is that the group consumed less
time in conducting it compared to the rst trial# it could mean that the
familiari0ation with the use of tools and equipment, as well as the
steps to $e followed also ta*es more time#
0e!ommendation (Trial 2)
In this experiment, seeral recommendations were needed in
order to o$tain great results#
• 2hec* if our computation for the required amount of materials
li*e coarse aggregates, ne aggregates, water and cement
follows our design criteria#
• 2hec* the weigh if it has an accurac to #1
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"ECOMMENDATION (Trial 2) 26
32
• lwas wear ersonal rotectie Equipment (E) such as
gloes, shirt and other protectie equipment in order to $e safe
while performing the experiment#
• o not forget to tamp our ortland 2ement mix !' times#
• @se moist aggregate $ecause if ou will use dr aggregate, it
will aOect the slump of the ortland cement mix#
• @se -a$le 6#1 in getting the water cement ratio $ecause it gies
more accurate water=cement ratio than ta$le 6#!
• 8trictl follow the procedure of the experiment to get a great
result#
Do!umentation (Trial 2)
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Sievin of fine a re ates
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DOCUMENTATION (Trial 2) 27
32
Mass of fine a re ates
Mass of
Mass of coarse aggregates
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DOCUMENTATION (Trial 2) 28
32
DOCUMENTATION
DOCUMENTATION
Mass of water
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DOCUMENTATION (Trial 2) 29
32
Manual mixing of concrete
The concrete was placed into the mold ; andwas rodded 25 +i'&
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DOCUMENTATION
DOCUMENTATION (Trial 2) 3$
32
Con!lusion
etermining the slump of freshl mixed concrete is er essential
$efore $eginning the construction of a certain proQect for this will not
onl show the wor*a$ilit of cement $ut also the strength on which
the concrete is supposed to achiee as designing ta*es place# lot of
factors are to $e considered, ma*ing the designing er sensitie in
Determining the slump of the concrete
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CONCLU!ION 31
32
eer aspect# single miscalculation in an of the ingredients4
quantit might aOect the whole design# @suall, admixtures (e#g#
plastici0ers) are mixed in the design so as to increase the slump#
oweer, no plastici0er was included in the design ma*ing the water=
cement ratio highl signicant#
-he experiment was done with two trials# -he rst trial gae no
slump at all giing the impression of a failure in water=cement ratio#
<n the other hand, the second gae a slump of approximatel 1#6'
inches which gae $etter results compared to the latter# oweer, the
two trials could still $e considered a failure despite the slump of the
second trial had for it did not een reached the criteria of slump for
wet concrete which is !=+ inches# s the computations were chec*ed
again, it was later noticed that the ta$le used for water=cement ratio
was wrong and so the concrete that was mixed was too strong as the
ta$le gies a design that is conseratie# -his satised the un*nownreason as to wh the trials failed despite haing the correct
computations and also implied that the concrete design was somehow
correct if iewed from ta$le used (-a$le 6#!)# -emperature was also
o$sered and itall contri$uted to the factors of the concrete4s
slump# -he used of alread moist aggregates, $oth ne and coarse,
aOect the design for moist correction was included in the design
process#
Dith reference to the design that was made for trials 1 and !,
the ingredients, the si0e of coarse aggregates particularl, that was
used on the actual experiment was a $it diOerent from what the
design required hence, aOecting the mixture and presuma$l one of
the cause in decrease of slump#
esigning a concrete is a *e role in the aspect of constructing a
proQect so eer aspect of it must $e chec*ed thoroughl# -he results
of the two trials might hae achieed the recommended slump and is
therefore concluded that the design is conseratie and not much
wor*a$le, thus impling that it is not economical to use for
construction#
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CONCLU!ION 32
32
niversity o' the EastCaloo!an Campus
Eperiment $:
S3M4 /5 50ES637 M89ED 4/0T3;D CEME;T
<roup 1
Mem&ers:
Castro= >ames 6arvey
Duque= >ianne ;i!ole
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Es!alante= >hunar
3im= ?im&erly
3ingad= Carmela Marie
4aso= 4ed&ert 888
0ivo= ?rista Mae
Engr@ >ohn 0ei <omeA
4ro'essor
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