smallholder pig production systems in uganda: results from vca descriptive analyses
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Smallholder Pig Production Systems in Uganda
Results from VCA descriptive analyses
Emily Ouma
“Workshop: In-depth smallholder pig value chain assessment and preliminary identification of best-bet interventions, Kampala, 9-11 April 2013”
Outline Description of livestock production systems in Uganda.
Land tenure systems. Pig keeping objectives. Pig production types. Production system types and breeds. Production scale definitions – small, medium, large.
Livestock production systems in Uganda
Source: Robinson, et al., 2011. Global livestock production systems , FAO
Banana-based
Tubers-based, largely cassava and sweet potatoes + maize and beans
+ coffee, cassava, maize and beans
Small farms - limited land resource typically:◦ Masaka (50ft x 100ft plots); Mukono (0.5 acres); Kamuli (0.5 – 4 acres/hh).
Mixed cropping systems (banana x coffee; maize x beans x cassava), though mono-cropping also practiced – e.g. sweet potatoes.
Livestock types kept: cattle, shoats, pigs, poultry.
Characteristics of the production systems
Customary. Freehold (titled). “Mailo” tenure. “Bibanja” holders. Leasehold. Trust land.
Land tenure systems
Rainfall calendar
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Rainfall pattern, Masaka district
KaboneraKatwe ButegoKimanya KyabakuzaKkingoKyanamukakaNyendo Senyange
Ind
ex o
f ra
infa
ll
Bi-modal rainfall patternLong rains: March-MayShort rains: Sept-Nov
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0
5
10
15
20
25
Rainfall pattern, Kamuli and Mukono districts
BugulumbyaNamwendwaKitayunjwaGomaKyampisiNtenjeru
Ind
ex o
f ra
infa
ll
Livestock keepers – excluding pigs
Kkin
go
Kyan
am
ukaka
Kit
ayu
njw
a
Nam
wen
dw
a
Bu
gu
lum
bya
Nte
nje
ru
Kab
on
era
Kyam
pis
i
Kim
an
ya-K
yab
aku
za
Katw
e-B
ute
go
Nyen
do-S
sen
yan
ge
Mu
kon
o T
C
Gom
a
Rural-rural Rural-urban Urban-urban
0
20
40
60
80
100Cattle Goats Poultry Rabbit
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f re
sp
on
de
nts
(%
) Cattle keeping common in R-R and R-U:48% of hh compared to only 24% in U-U Goats: 38%-48% compared to 9% in U-U
Poultry: common in all VC
Average rank (1=highest)
Objective Men Women
Income from piglet/pigs sales
1.3 1.2
Income from pig meat sales
2.0 N/A
Source of wealth 2.3 2.3Manure production 2.3 2.3Disposal of waste 3.0 3.0Nutrition/food security 2.5 2.8
Occupation 2.3 2.6
Objectives of pig keepingMain objective: income and soil fertility management.No significant difference between men and women.
Objective Indicators of successIncome from piglet/pigs sales
Ability to pay school fees. Purchase of land and farm expansion. Ability to pay off debts. Able to meet medication costs, buy good clothing for
family. Manure production Improved soil fertility - high crop yield due to manure
application. Harvest bigger bunches of “matooke”. Biogas for household use.
Source of asset/wealth
Construction of better family housing (roofing/wall material).
Purchase of plots of land. Purchase other livestock (cattle). General home development.
Nutrition/food security
Meat for home consumption. Increased quantity of pork consumption.
Indicators of success in achieving objectives
Pig production types Kki
ngo
Kya
nam
uka
ka
Kitayu
njw
a
Nam
wendw
a
Bugulu
mbya
Nte
nje
ru
Kabonera
Kya
mpis
i
Kim
anya
-Kya
baku
za
Katw
e-B
ute
go
Nye
ndo-S
senya
nge
Muko
no T
C
Gom
a
Rural-rural Rural-urban Urban-urban
0
20
40
60
80
100Breeders Growers Breeders/growers
Pro
port
ion
of
resp
on
den
ts (
%)
Pig production types, by value chain type
Breeders
Growers
Both
Rural-rural 26 38 38
Rural-urban 20 28 52
Urban-urban
24 37 39
Production system types
Rural-rural
Rural-urban
Urban-urban
Intensive (confined)
11 14 90
Semi-intensive (mixed confined +free-range)
83 43 0
Extensive(tethered, free-range)
6 43 10
% of respondents, by value chain domain type
Housing types
Raised wooden floorSimple walling and roofing material
Concrete floorSloping floorBrick wallsIron sheet roofing
Pig breed types
Kkingo
Kyanamukaka
Kitayunjwa
Namwendwa
Bugulumbya
Ntenjeru
Kabonera
Kyampisi
Kimanya-Kyabakuza
Katwe-Butego
Nyendo-Ssenyange
Mukono TC
Goma
Ru
ral-
rura
lR
ura
l-u
rba
nU
rba
n-u
rba
n
0% 10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
LocalImproved
Breed type: differences evident by VC domain.Linked to production system type.Various institutions promoting breed change.
Pig breeds keptBreeds Landrace Large-white Cross-breeds (local x improved) Mixed breeds (undefined) Local
Organizations supporting breed change Masaka - NAADS, World Vision,
MADDO. Kamuli - VEDCO, NAADS. Mukono – NAADS, CARITAS.
Scale of production - breeders
Kkin
go
Kya
na
mu
ka
ka
Kit
ayu
njw
a
Na
mw
en
dw
a
Bu
gu
lum
bya
Nte
nje
ru
Ka
bo
ne
ra
Kya
mp
isi
Kim
an
ya
-Kya
ba
ku
za
Ka
twe
-Bu
teg
o
Nye
nd
o-S
sen
ya
ng
e
Mu
ko
no
TC
Go
ma
Rural-rural Rural-urban Urban-urban
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40Smallholder Mediumholder Largeholder
Mean
no.
of
sow
s (
inclu
din
g r
ep
lacem
en
t fe
male
s)
Smallholder mean no. of sowsRural-Rural: 1.6Rural-Urban: 2.2Urban-Urban:1.5
Proportion of households, by production scale - breeders
Kkin
go
Kya
na
mu
ka
ka
Kit
ayu
njw
a
Na
mw
en
dw
a
Bu
gu
lum
bya
Nte
nje
ru
Ka
bo
ne
ra
Kya
mp
isi
Kim
an
ya
-Kya
ba
ku
za
Ka
twe
-Bu
teg
o
Nye
nd
o-S
sen
ya
ng
e
Mu
ko
no
TC
Go
ma
Rural-rural Rural-urban Urban-urban
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Smallholder Mediumholder Largeholder
% o
f h
ou
se
ho
lds
Smallholder
Medium-holder
Large-holder
Rural-rural 58 28 11Rural-urban 58 27 10Urban-urban 65 27 8
Scale of production - growers
Kki
ng
o
Kya
na
mu
kaka
Kit
ayu
njw
a
Na
mw
en
dw
a
Bu
gu
lum
bya
Nte
nje
ru
Ka
bo
ne
ra
Kya
mp
isi
Kim
an
ya-K
yab
aku
za
Ka
twe
-Bu
teg
o
Nye
nd
o-S
sen
yan
ge
Mu
kon
o T
C
Go
ma
Rural-rural Rural-urban Urban-urban
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40 Smallholder Mediumholder Largeholder
Mean
no.
of
pig
s o
wn
ed
for
sla
ug
hte
rin
g Mean no. of pigs-smallholderRural-Rural: 2.3Rural-Urban: 2.6Urban-Urban: 2.1
Proportion of households, by production scale - growers
Kkin
go
Kya
na
mu
ka
ka
Kit
ayu
njw
a
Na
mw
en
dw
a
Bu
gu
lum
bya
Nte
nje
ru
Ka
bo
ne
ra
Kya
mp
isi
Kim
an
ya
-Kya
ba
ku
za
Ka
twe
-Bu
teg
o
Nye
nd
o-S
sen
ya
ng
e
Mu
ko
no
TC
Go
ma
Rural-rural Rural-urban Urban-urban
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Smallholder Mediumholder Largeholder
% o
f h
ou
se
ho
lds
Smallholder
Medium-holder
Large-holder
Rural-rural 53 28 16Rural-urban 63 24 13Urban-urban 65 23 12
Pig production – occurs within the overall mixed crop and livestock systems.
Main objective of pig keeping – income◦ School fees payment◦ Meet other expenditures and investments on farm
Most of the pig keepers are smallholders;◦ Breeders: 60-65%◦ Growers: 50-65%
Smallholder definition◦ Breeders: 1-2 sows (including replacement females)◦ Growers: 2-3 grown pigs
Production system types◦ Varies by value chain domain.
Institutions promoting breed change.
Summary
Thank You
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