smart materials for architecture and design professions

Smart Materials for Architecture and Design Professions

Distinguishing smart materials

Making (drawing) surfaces in architecture and design.

The use of materials can be driven in two ways:Materials become the surfaces or structural skin.Materials are thought as an interactive/responsive

element

Two approaches for classifying materials:

Sciences and engineering disciplinesDesign discipline

An array of physical behaviors:

Physical propertyProcessesUse and function

An artifact with character:

EmotionPerception aesthetics

engineering disciplines Design discipline

Smart materials

Classification of smart materials and their input and output stimuli

energy transfer = material property x change in state

Statetemperature, pressure, density, phase, motion, position…

Material propertymechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical, optical…

Energy transferwork (pressure difference), heat (temperature difference)

…

Interior stateTemperaturePressuredensity

Work

heat

energy transfer = material property x change in state

Independent variable Dependent variable

1.change of state material property

2. energy transfer material property

3. energy transfer energy change

4. energy transfer multiple states

1 2 3 4

Photochromics ( 光致色變 )– materials that change color when exposed to light

Thermochromics( 熱致色變 )– – materials that change color due to temperature changes.

Mechanochromics ( 機械色變 )– – materials that change color due to imposed stresses and/or deformations.

Chemochromics ( 化學色變 )– – materials that change color when exposed to specific chemical environments.

Electrochromics (( 電致色變 )– materials that change color when a voltage is applied. Related technologies include liquid crystals and suspended particle devices that change color or transparencies when electrically activated.

Type 1 smart materials – property-changing

CHROMICS OR ‘COLOR-CHANGING’ SMART MATERIALS

Photochromic materials( 光致變色 ) – materials that change color due to light changes.

Type 1 smart materials – property-changing

CHROMICS OR ‘COLOR-CHANGING’ SMART MATERIALS

Thermochromics( 熱致色變 )– materials that change color due to temperature changes.

Design: Juergen Mayer H

Type 1 smart materials – property-changing

CHROMICS OR ‘COLOR-CHANGING’ SMART MATERIALS

Thermochromics( 熱致色變 )– materials that change color due to temperature changes.

Design: Pu Tai

Type 1 smart materials – property-changing

CHROMICS OR ‘COLOR-CHANGING’ SMART MATERIALS

Thermochromics( 熱致色變 )– materials that change color due to temperature changes.

Type 1 smart materials – property-changing

CHROMICS OR ‘COLOR-CHANGING’ SMART MATERIALS

Thermochromics – materials that change color due to temperature changes.

Designed by Chris Glaister, Afshin Mehin, Tomas Rosen

Type 1 smart materials – property-changing

CHROMICS OR ‘COLOR-CHANGING’ SMART MATERIALS

Chronos Chromos Concrete

Thermochromics – materials that change color due to temperature changes.

Type 1 smart materials – property-changing

CHROMICS OR ‘COLOR-CHANGING’ SMART MATERIALS

Mechanochromics materials– have altered optical properties when the material is subjected to stresses and deformations associated with external forces.

Type 1 smart materials – property-changing

CHROMICS OR ‘COLOR-CHANGING’ SMART MATERIALS

Chemochromic materials are whose properties are sensitive to different chemical environments.

Type 1 smart materials – property-changing

CHROMICS OR ‘COLOR-CHANGING’ SMART MATERIALS

CHROMICS OR ‘COLOR-CHANGING’ SMART MATERIALS

Electrochromics ( 電致色變 ) materials can be defined as a reversible color change of a material caused by application of an electric current or potential.

Type 1 smart materials – property-changing

CHROMICS OR ‘COLOR-CHANGING’ SMART MATERIALS

Electrochromics ( 電致色變 ) materials can be defined as a reversible color change of a material caused by application of an electric current or potential.

Type 1 smart materials – property-changing

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTY-CHANGING MATERIALS

Electrorheological (ER) fluids ( 電流變液 ) Magnetorheological fluids ( 磁力流變液 )

Type 1 smart materials – property-changing

ER demo

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTY-CHANGING MATERIALS

Electrorheological (ER) fluids ( 電流變液 )

Type 1 smart materials – property-changing

Using ER fluids to stiffen the blade of a helicopter and damp in vibration

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTY-CHANGING MATERIALS

Magnetorheological (MRF) fluids ( 磁力流變液 )

Type 1 smart materials – property-changing

Magnetorheological (MR) fluids ( 磁力流變液 )

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTY-CHANGING MATERIALS

Type 1 smart materials – property-changing

CONDUCTING POLYMERS -Electroactive polymers (EAP)

Type 1 smart materials – property-changing

movie

Type 2 smart materials – energy-exchanging

Chemoluminescence

female firefly squid

LIGHT-EMITTING MATERIALS

Type 2 smart materials – energy-exchanging

Electroluminescence

Electroluminescent wire

Voltagesource

Electroluminescent strips

Type 2 smart materials – energy-exchanging

Electroluminescence

Designed by Kennedy & Violich Architecture

EL Plywood Desk

a sonic shade of light, 2006

Seeing smart materials/technology from design perspective

The innovative use of heating elements and ink allows graphics, words and numbers to be displayed through concrete.

Hanabi