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PLUGLESS POWER
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MGM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY
SECTOR-18, KAMOTHE
NAVI MUMBAI
PRESENTATION REPORT
ON
PLUGLESS POWER
SUBMITTED BY,
SUMIT DALVI
RUPESH JAMDAR
AJAY BAKALKAR
SANKET DAMANIA
AKSHAY GUPTA
VAISHALI KADAM
ABDUL JABBAR SHAIKH
SAGAR KANADE
ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
ACADEMIC YEAR
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(2012 -2013)
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PREFACE
We take an opportunity to present this Presentationreport on PLUGLESS POWER" and put before readers someuseful information regarding our Presentation
We have made sincere attempts and taken every careto present this matter in precise and compact form, thelanguage being as simple as possible.
We are sure that the information contained in thisvolume would certainly prove useful for better insight in thescope and dimension of this presentation in its trueperspective.
The task of completion of the Presentation thoughbeing difficulty was made quite simple, interesting andsuccessful due to deep involvement and completededication of our group members.
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PLUGLESS
POWER
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Table Of Content
Introduction
Block diagram
Circuit diagram
Working of circuit
Component list
Advantages & DisadvantagesApplications
Conclusion
Bibliography
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INTRODUCTION
As we are in 21st century, Day by day the no ofvehicles are increasing, but on the other side fuels aredepleting. After 30-40 years fuels goanna completely endup. To overcome from that few years ago the solution comeswhich is an electric car. But in electrical car there are somedisadvantages
1) There is a battery which is sometimes heavy than the car.2) If the capability of car is to sit 4 persons, and if 5 th onecame in the car then car will not move at all.3) The battery should be replaced in 2 to 3 years, and thereplacement cost is much more.
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To overcome from that Google invented a technologywhich is PLUGLESS POWER or FUEL LESS ECO CAR.The principle is based upon RESONANT INDUCTIVECOUPLING. In inductive coupling power is
transmit at the short range, but due to the presenceof RESONANT power will be transferred at long range.There are two sides one is transmitting side (belowthe road) and other is receiving side (below the car).In this system, transmitting side is undergroundedwhich mainly consist of LC tank circuit, on the otherhand receiving side also consist of LC tank circuit.And the transmitting side and receiving side bothshould have same resonant frequency. Due to theprinciple Resonant Inductive Coupling power istransmit from transmitting side to receiving sidewirelessly.
INVENTION:
This invention relates to the transfer ofelectrical power via induction and in particular to aResonance power transfer and distribution systemusing a coaxial transformer for electric vehicles.Electrically powered vehicles are useful inmanufacturing and warehouse environments fortransporting materials in automated materialhandling systems. Electrically powered vehicles are
desirable in these environments due to their cleanoperation and low noise.
Electric vehicles, however, requiresufficient electrical power to have any meaningfulmobility and speed. On-board rechargeable energystorage systems, such as batteries, have a significant
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mass that must be moved in addition to the mass ofthe material to be transported and the mass of theelectric vehicle itself
BLOCK DIAGRAM:
TRANSMITTING SIDE:
PowerSupply
RFOscillator
Mosfet
LC tankCircuit
Coil
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RECEIVING SIDE:
Power
Supply
LC tankCircuitCoil
ControllerLCD
Clock
Reset
Mosfet
Speed Control PotSwitch
Motor
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
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WORKING:
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POWER SUPPLY DESIGN:-
Power supply is the first and the most important part.we require +5V regulated power supply with maximum
current rating 5 mA.
Following basic building blocks are required to generate
regulated power supply.
1. STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER:-
Step down transformer is the first part of regulated
power supply. To step down the mains 230V A.C. we require
step down transformer. Following are the main characteristic
of electronic transformer.
1)Power transformers are usually designed to
operate from source of low impedance at a single
freq.
2) It is required to construct with sufficient insulation
of necessary dielectric strength.
3)Transformer ratings are expressed in voltamp.
Step-down
transformerRectifi
erFilterCkt.
Three
Terminal
Voltage reg.
Regulated O/PVoltage
Mains 230 V A.C.
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4)Temperature rise of a transformer is decided on
two well-known factors i.e. losses on transformer and
heat dissipating or cooling facility provided unit.
2. RECTIFIER UNIT:-
Rectifier unit is a circuit which converts A.C.
into pulsating D.C. Generally semi-conducting diode is
used as rectifying element due to its property of
conducting current in one direction only. Generally there
are two types of rectifier.
1) Half wave rectifier
2) Full wave rectifier.
In half wave rectifier only half cycle of mains A.C. is
rectified so its efficiency is very poor. So we use full wave
bridge type rectifier, in which four diodes are used. In each
half cycle, two diodes conduct at a time and we getmaximum efficiency at o/p.
3. FILTER CIRCUIT :-
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Generally a rectifier is required to produce pure
D.C. supply for using at various places in the electronic
circuit. However, the o/p of rectifier has pulsating
character i.e. if such a D.C. is applied to electronic circuit
it will produce a hum i.e. it will contain A.C. and D.C.
components. The A.C. components are undesirable and
must be keptaway from the load. To do so a filter circuit
is used which remove A.C. components reaching the load.
Obviously a filter circuit is installed between rectifier and
voltage regulator.
4. THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REGULATOR:-
A voltage regulator is a circuit that supplies
constant voltage regardless of change in load current. IC
voltage regulators are versatile and relatively cheaper.
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COMPONENT LIST
SR.No Description
1 Ply wood 3x2
2 Diode 1N4007
3 Power Diodes
4 Capacitor1000uF,25V
5 Voltage regulator IC 7805
6 Capacitor 1uF
7 Microcontroller ATMega8535
8 Resistors , LED
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9 Polyester capacitors
10 IC Base
12 PCB
13 Wires
MAIN COMPONENT-
LM7805 SERIES VOLTAGE
REGULATORS
VOLTAGE REGULATOR:
A voltage regulator is an electrical regulatordesigned to automatically maintain a constant voltage level.It may use an electromechanical mechanism, or passive oractive electronic components. Depending on the design, itmay be used to regulate one or more AC or DC voltages.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulator_(automatic_control)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulator_(automatic_control)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current -
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FEATURES:
Output current in excess of 1A
Internal thermal overload protection
No external components required
Output transistor safe area protection
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Internal short circuit current limit
Available in the aluminum TO-3 package
VOLTAGE RANGE:
LM7805C 5V
LM7812C 12V
LM7815C 15V
MOSFETS AND MOSFET DRIVERS
MOSFETs come in four different types. They may beenhancementor depletion mode, and they may be n-channel orp-channel. We are only interested in n-channelenhancementmode MOSFETs, and these will be the onlyones talked about from now on. There are also logic-levelMOSFETs and normal MOSFETs. We can use either type.
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The source terminal is normally the negative one, and the drain is
the positive one (the names refer to the source and drain of electrons). The
diagram above shows a diode connected across the MOSFET. This diode is
called the "intrinsic diode", because it is built into the silicon structure of the
MOSFET. It is a consequence of the way power MOSFETs are created in
the layers of silicon, and can be very useful. In most MOSFET architectures,
it is rated at the same current as the MOSFET itself.
FEATURES:
1. Low drain to source resistance
2. Improved inductive ruggedness
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3. Fast switching time
3. Low input capacitance
4. Extended safe operating area
5. Improved high temperature reliability
LCD:
DISPLAY:
Various display device such as seven segmentdisplay. LCD display, etc can be interfaced withmicrocontroller to read the output directly. In our project weuse a two line LCD display with 16 characters each.
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LCD: Liquid crystal Display (LCD) displays temperature ofthe measured element, which is calculated by themicrocontroller. CMOS technology makes the device ideal for
application in hand held, portable and other batteryinstruction with low power consumption
GENERAL SPECIFICATION:
Drive method: 1/16 duty cycle
Display size: 16 character * 2 lines
Character structure: 5*8 dots.
Display data RAM: 80 characters (80*8 bits)
Character generate ROM: 192 characters Character generate RAM: 8 characters (64*8 bits)
Both display data and character generator RAMs can beread from MPU.
Internal automatic reset circuit at power ON.
Built in oscillator circuit
Net Media 2x16 Serial LCD Display Module
ADVANTAGES OF
WITRICITY:
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More Convenient:
No manual recharging or changing batteries. Eliminate unsightly, unwieldy and costly power cords.
More Reliable:
Never run out of battery power. Reduce product failure rates by fixing the weakest
link': flexing wiring and mechanical interconnects. There is no need of having a line of sight.
More Environmentally Friendly:
Reduce use of disposable batteries. Use efficient electric grid power' directly instead of
inefficient battery charging.
ADVANTAGES
The car does not require fuel; hence saving of fuel.
Completely pollution free.
Friendly to the environment.
No effect on any human being.
DISADVANTAGES:
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a. One such drawback is the shortage of adequate
charging stations to power up these cars...
b. Installation cost is high
APPLICATION:
Consumer Electronics
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Automatic wireless charging of mobile electronics(phones, laptops, game controllers, etc.) in home, car,office, Wi-Fi hotspots while devices are in use andmobile.
Direct wireless powering of stationary devices (flat screenTVs, digital picture frames, home theater accessories,wireless loud speakers, etc.) eliminating expensivecustom wiring, unsightly cables and wall-wart powersupplies.
Direct wireless powering of desktop PC peripherals:wireless mouse, keyboard, printer, speakers, display,etc eliminating disposable batteries and awkwardcabling.
INDUSTRIAL
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Direct wireless power and communicationinterconnections across rotating and moving joints(robots, packaging machinery, assembly machinery,machine tools) eliminating costly and failure-prone
wiring. Direct wireless power and communicationinterconnections at points of use in harsh environments(drilling, mining, underwater, etc.) where it isimpractical or impossible to run wires.
Direct wireless power for wireless sensors and actuators,eliminating the need for expensive power wiring orbattery replacement and disposal.
Automatic wireless charging for mobile robots, automaticguided vehicles, cordless tools and instruments
eliminating complex docking mechanisms, and laborintensive manual recharging and battery replacement.
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TRANSPORTATION:
Automatic wireless charging for existing electric vehicleclasses: golf carts, industrial vehicles.
Automatic wireless charging for future hybrid and all-electric passenger and commercial vehicles, at home,in parking garages, at fleet depots, and at remotekiosks.
Direct wireless power interconnections to replace costlyvehicle wiring harnesses and slip rings.
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OTHER APPLICATIONS:
Direct wireless power interconnections and automaticwireless charging for implantable medical devices(ventricular assist devices, pacemaker, defibrillator, etc.).
Automatic wireless charging and for high tech militarysystems (battery powered mobile devices, covert sensors,unmanned mobile robots and aircraft, etc.).
Direct wireless powering and automatic wireless charging
of smart cards.
Direct wireless powering and automatic wireless chargingof consumer appliances, mobile robots, etc.
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CONCLUSION
PLUGLESS POWER is good
solution to overcome the problems ofshortage of fuel. Not only it overcomethe problem of shortage of fuel butalso it overcome from drawback ofelectric car.
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BIBILIOGRAPHY
o Basic Electronics B. Ram
o Digital Electronics R.P. Jain
o www.redcircuits.com
o www.alldatasheet.com
o www.elctronicsforu.com
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