social capital [iii] exercise for the research master multivariate statistics w. m. van der veld...
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Social Capital [III]Exercise for the Research Master
Multivariate Statistics
W. M. van der VeldUniversity of Amsterdam
Quantitative Methods in The Social Sciences 2
Goal of the ‘groups work’• Formulate a research question• Develop a (testable) theory• Develop measurement instruments• Data for the test• Analyze the data• Presentation of research results
Data for the test
Quantitative Methods in The Social Sciences 4
Data for the test• Last time we
‘completed’ the search for the measures in the questionnaire:– Social trust– Age – (Civic participation)
Social Trust
Civic Engage-
ment
Age
Quantitative Methods in The Social Sciences 5
Data for the test• I will use the complex concept of social trust that
includes the questions named: A8, A9, A10.– Generally speaking, would you say that most people can
be trusted, or that you can’t be too careful in dealing with people?
– Do you think that most people would try to take advantage of you if they got the chance, or would they try to be fair?
– Would you say that most of the time people try to be helpful or that they are mostly looking out for themselves?
• These questions should form a scale, measure the latent construct of social trust.
• To check this we have do analyze the data.• I won’t discuss AGE and CVP.
Analysis with SPSS
Quantitative Methods in The Social Sciences 7
Analysis with SPSS• Before anything else is done:
– Always check whether the missing values are specified in the data file.
• If you have constructs by derivation, analyze them first.(I have social trust to analyze).
• If you constructed all your variables, compute correlations. They will be input for LISREL.
Quantitative Methods in The Social Sciences 8
Analysis with SPSS• Analysis of social trust (A8, A9, A10).
– First I checked whether missing data were defined.– Since there are only three indicator for social trust, I
cannot test whether the indicators form a indicators of 1 latent construct.
• But if you have more constructs with than a test is possible. – I will skip the analysis, and assume that the items are
indicators of 1 single factor.– I proceed with the reliability analysis, using Cronbach’s
alpha.– For social trust Cronbach’s alpha = 0.7.
• Analysis of age (yrbrn)– Not discussed
• Analysis of civic participation– Not discussed, but it is a construct by definition.
Quantitative Methods in The Social Sciences 9
Analysis with SPSS• I computed the correlation between the three
variables in SPSS.• The correlations are:
ST CVP YRBRN1.0000.096 1.000-0.015 0.000 1.000
• Because the measure of social trust (ST) contains random measurement error (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.7≠ 1.0), we should correct for it, so that our relations are not attenuated.
Quantitative Methods in The Social Sciences 10
Analysis with SPSS• There is a trick to do this: Replace the variance
(1.0) of social trust with Cronbach’s alpha (0.7).• Note that the variables are standardized
(correlations!).• ST CVP YRBRN
0.700 (<=variance replaced by Cronbach’s alpha)
0.096 1.00-0.015 0.00 1.00
• This matrix can be used as input for LISREL, but it must be in ASCII-format; it is easiest to just retype the matrix in the LISREL input syntax.
Analysis with LISREL
Quantitative Methods in The Social Sciences 12
Analysis with LISREL!Simple causal model for Social Trust.DA NI=4 NO=2352 MA=KMCM0.7000.096 1.000-0.015 0.000 1.0000.157 0.154 0.212 1.000LA ST CVP YRBRN EDULVL /!NOTE: FIRST THE Y-VARIABLES THEN THE X-VARIABLESSEST CVP YRBRN /MO NX=1 NY=2 GA=FU,FI PS=FU,FI!EFFECTS ON ST and CVPFR GA 1 1 GA 2 1!RELATION BETWEEN ST AND CVPFR PS 1 1 PS 2 2 PS 2 1ST 0.5 ALL!DRAW PATH DIAGRAM OF MODELPDOU ML SC IT=500
Quantitative Methods in The Social Sciences 13
Analysis with LISREL
Why does the model fit perfectly (chi-square=0, and p=1)?The LISREL output file (SocTrust 1.out)
Quantitative Methods in The Social Sciences 14
Get to work• Last session, we will continue the
analysis• And we have to find another time
within two weeks after that, for the presentations.
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