social inequality youth education educational aspirations reproduction of social barriers
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Youth from rural communities: Social inequalities in access to Education
By Ewa Sikora Presentation: Zsolt Gergely
Some basic terms
Social inequality Youth Education Educational aspirations Reproduction of social barriers
Short description of methodology
Regarding education as an investment A diploma as a market commodity Sector of higher education as a field of
investment Polish educational system - 1999
Inequalities
Popularization of education The functioning of the educational system –
restricting access to preschools, less qualified teachers etc.
Financial standings – growing impoverishment Cultural capital of the rural community
Collins and Bourdieu
“ According to Collins (1971) and Bourdieu (1986), while for a children from
intellectual families the cultural capital received from home is a trump card, for those born in the country it is a barrier strengthening the selection which takes place between secondary schools and
universities. ”
Countryside vs. Cities
Pre school attendance:a) Rural areas - 16.7 % 2003/04
- 23.3 % 1990b) Urban areas - 52.3 % 2003/04
- 77.7 % 1990 In Poland by 30.9 %
Polish system of education
Modernized after 1999 education reform Until 1999: pre schools, 8 year primary
schools, secondary schools (grammar schools, vocational schools, technical colleges)
From 1999 6 – year primary school, lower secondary schools, post-lower secondary schools, college or studies
Number of schools vs. pupils
1999 city schools inc. 9.6 % - pupils 13.2 % dec.
Countryside schools 11.1 % dec. – 4.1 % pupils inc.
1999 – 2000 lower secondary schools inc. 2.4 %
Disproportion
2005, 251 post lower secondary schools in rural areas (2,517)
Vocational and general vocational schools 1,038 – 7,456
Higher education schools - 12.8 % 1990, 24-34% in European countries
2% from countryside
Changes among the youth
1990 – 1998 25 % - 57 % 1990 – 1998 30 % - 5 % vocational
schools 1992 30 % - 2002 60 % People with higher education 1988 6.5
% - 2002 10.2 %
National report of increase in higher education
The impact of origin in primary studies
1987 52.9 % - 40.6 % 1999 primary education
37.8 % - 27.4 % among people from rural areas
Among women 1988 5.9% - 2002 11.9 %
Negative consequences
Strengthens social diversification In cities 10.3 % of population In the country 3.9 % of population
Regional distribution
National Report 2002 Metropolitan areas 20% people with higher
education Peripheral less then 5% Areas located 100-150 km from Warsaw within a
radius of 30-70 km from Szczecin, Poznan, Olsztyn etc. below 3-6%
Rural areas level of education - 2002
Diverse quality of education
PISA – Program for International Student Assessment
Among 15 year olds – post primary school 3 yearly – successive rounds of tests Comprehension, mathematics, scientific
thinking
Comprehension
Finding information in texts of varied form Interpreting text Reflection and assessment Rank: 5th level is the best 1st is the weakest 2000 Polish students - level 3 80% of pupils from countryside were
illiterate
Schools in countryside
15 % without sports room – replacement rooms
No water or toilets 50% without reading room No libraries, internet (three times worse
than in cities) , computers 27% (12% in cities)
Problems in countryside schools
82% of primary and 76% of lower secondary schools in countryside – 3 hours waiting for the bus
Disqualified teachers – more subjects Specialists going to schools is limited
Educational interest
TNS OBOP – Ministry of Education 80% of pupils continued their studies after
lower secondary schools (2003) 37% secondary schools, 28% technical
colleges, 15% profiled secondary schools, 14% basic vocational schools
44% leave their village, secondary schools 50%+
Conclusion
Improving changes Expenditure for the educational system Level of education Modernization of the system Increasing participation of education Improving quality and effectiveness of
education
Thank you for your attention!
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