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HGU

Byungdeok Kang

Social Welfare Policy

Introduction to Social Welfare Policy

Social Welfare Policy?

Social Welfare?

Policy?

= (Social + Welfare) + Policy

Social Welfare

Welfare

Well-being (“the state of healthy balance for

people”)

Social Welfare

The well-being of society

Policy related to Apples

VS.

Policy does not study apples in itself,

but it does affect the regulation and distribution of apples.

Policy

Policy?

Principle or rule:

“A course of action that has been officially agreed

and chosen by a political party, business, or other

organization” (Longman English Dictionary)

Private & Public

Private Policy = a legal document between private

parties

Public Policy = government action

Public Policy

Public Policy = “Actions of government and the intentions that determine those actions” (C. E. Cochran, et al.)

Public Policy = “The outcome of the struggle in government over who gets what" (C. E. Cochran, et al.)

“Public policy consists of political decisions for implementing programs to achieve societal goals.” (C. L. Cochran & E. F. Malone)

“Public policy is the sum of government activities, whether acting directly or through agents, as it has an influence on the life of citizens.” (B. G. Peters)

Social Welfare Policy

Social Welfare Policy = The maintenance of

the well-being of society

Social Welfare Programs = The products of

social welfare policies

Social Issue

Policy Goals

Legislation Regulation

Program

Policy Cycle

Policy Cycle

1. Agenda Setting (Problem Identification)

2. Policy Formulation (Idea Development)

3. Adoption

4. Implementation

5. Evaluation

The ‘Big Five’ Social Services

Social Security

Housing

Health

Social Work

Education

• Labor/Employment

• Taxation+

Are social welfare policies

important?

Why? or Why Not?

Why Social Welfare Policy?

Social welfare policies are important because

…

engages with serious social problems.

looks at how those problems can be dealt with.

examines strategies for putting responses into

practice.

Why Do You (social welfare students)

Study Social Welfare Policy?

Any Benefits?

Studying social welfare policy is

beneficial for …

professional preparation.

contribution to policy making.

understand social issues better.

Social Welfare

Policy

Institutional Perspective

Political Perspective

Analytical Perspective

Three Major Perspectives to Understand

Social Welfare Policy

Institutional perspectives

Identifies the functioning of the key social institutions that structure and provide social welfare

Analytical perspective

Understand/compare different approaches to social welfare

Political perspective

Explore the interrelationships between society and government

What are the key social functions

necessary to maintain/sustain a

society?

What institutions do we need/have?

Institutional Perspectives

What are major social institutions and their functions?Social

Institutions

Key Org.

Forms

Primary

Functions

Social Welfare

Functions

Kinship

Religion

Workplace

The Market

MutualAssistance

Government

Families Procreating, socialization,

protection, intimacy,

emotional support

Dependent care,

Interfamilial

financial support

Analytic Perspective

Three P’s of Major Analysis

1. Process

Focus on the dynamics of policy formulation (Political Science)

A long-range studies of the development of an entire social welfare systems, Studies of the development of specific programs (History)

2. Product

Focus on a set of policy choices (issues of choices)

3. Performance

Focus on description and evaluation of program outcomes

P

PP

Process

PerformanceProduct

Social Welfare

Policy

WHY?Social Welfare

Policy

In a social context

In a vacuumvs.

Political Perspective

Politics of Social Welfare: Individual vs. Community Values… different expressions of the good society and

the role of government

Individual Perspective

Emphasizing the pursuit of individual interests (individual action)

Community Perspective

Recognizing the importance of common action on behalf of common goals

Individual

Perspective

Community

Perspective

Political Ideology Conservative Liberal / Progressive

View of Social

Problems

View of Market

Responsibility of

Government

Social Policy Agendas

Emerging Issues: Feminist Perspective

First Wave (Equity Feminist)

Reflects the traditional liberal agenda of political

rights and expanded opportunity

Is less likely to see women as victims of patriarchy

Second Wave (Gender Feminist)

Seeks to confront the fundamental inequalities they

see as inherent in society’s basic institutions

All women are viewed as victimized by deep and

pervasive cultural and social restraints.

Feminist Perspectives on Social Welfare

Emphasizes the role of women

Studies social welfare in valuable and diverse ways

Focuses on the vulnerabilities of women in society; Documents and analyzes a range of social inequalities Violence against women / Sexual harassment / Women

health

Family Traditional nuclear family as the embodiment of

“patriarchy”

Maternatity Leave Mother > Father

Historical Development of

Social Welfare Policies in Korea

1948 ~ 1960 Independence and Korean War

International Relief and Emergency Aid

Absolute Poverty

Child Welfare – Institutional Care

1960 ~ Mid of 1990 Rapid Economic Growth (Govt. Involvement)

Social Security Programs (Social Insurance and Public Assistance)

Social Welfare … not a primary issue; minimized roles of govt.

Service Providers: International Domestic

1980s … social welfare services (for children, the senior, the disabled, etc.)

1998 ~ 1997 … Financial Crisis (IMF Aid)

Expansion of Social Insurance Coverage

Reform of National Health Insurance

Long-Term Care Insurance for the Aged (2008)

Social Services: Selective Universal

Changes of Delivery Systems