socialism & communism€¦ · 16a. emergency quota act 16a. jazz • jazz combined themes and...

SOCIALISM & COMMUNISM• IN THE LATE 1800S, SOCIALISM WAS BORN OUT OF WORKERS’

CALLS FOR BETTER LIVES

• COMMUNISM EVOLVED OUT OF SOCIALISM

• ABOLISH PRIVATE OWNERSHIP

• SOCIAL CLASSES WOULD BE LEVELED ACROSS THE BOARD

• ALL PROPERTY IS OWNED BY THE GOVERNMENT

• CAPITALISM WILL BE DESTROYED

• RUSSIA BECAME THE SOVIET UNION AFTER A COMMUNIST

(BOLSHEVIK) REVOLUTION

• WHY WERE AMERICANS AFRAID OF COMMUNISM?

16a

RED SCARE• THE FEAR OF INTERNATIONAL COMMUNISM FLOODING OVER

AMERICAN BORDERS

• (RED = THE COLOR OF THE SOVIET FLAG)

• THE US GOVERNMENT STARTED TO AN EXPANDED SEARCH FOR

SUSPECTED COMMUNISTS & SOCIALISTS HERE AT HOME

• WHO WOULD YOU GUESS WERE THE MAIN TARGETS OF THE

GOVERNMENT’S SEARCHES?

16a

IMMIGRATION RESTRICTIONS• NATIVISM WAS REBORN AGAIN IN THE 1920S

• SO WAS THE KU KLUX KLAN, AND NOT JUST IN THE SOUTH

• AMERICANS FELT SUPERIOR TO IMMIGRANTS

• THEY FELT THEIR CULTURE WAS BETTER AND HAD TO BE

PROTECTED FROM OUTSIDE INFLUENCES

• CATHOLICS, JEWS, IMMIGRANTS, ETC.

• THE GOVERNMENT RESPONDED TO THIS WITH IMMIGRATION

RESTRICTION ACTS LIKE THE EMERGENCY QUOTA ACT

• WHAT IS A “QUOTA”?

16a

EMERGENCY QUOTA ACT

16a

JAZZ• JAZZ COMBINED THEMES AND PATTERNS DEVELOPED BY

SLAVES, NEW ORLEANS MUSICIANS, AND MANY OTHER SOURCES

• IT ALSO EMPHASIZED IMPROVISATION

• IT BROUGHT AFRICAN AMERICAN WRITERS AND ARTISTS TO THE

MAINSTREAM QUICKLY

• WHAT THEMES SHOULD WE EXPECT TO FIND IN JAZZ MUSIC?

16d

HARLEM RENAISSANCE• THE GREAT MIGRATION HAD BROUGHT AFRICAN AMERICANS TO

NORTHERN CITIES, CROWDED INTO THESE NEIGHBORHOODS,

AFRICAN AMERICAN CULTURE BECAME BLENDED IN

MAINSTREAM AMERICAN CULTURE

• A BLOSSOMING OF AFRICAN AMERICAN CULTURE AND ARTS IN

THE 1920S

• WHERE IS HARLEM?

16d

LOUIS ARMSTRONG

• “SATCHMO”/“POPS” PLAYED THE TRUMPET

• ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS JAZZ MUSICIANS OF THE 1920S

• BORN IN NEW ORLEANS, BEGAN PLAYING WITH THE CREOLE

JAZZ BAND

• MOVED TO CHICAGO & NEW YORK TO PLAY

• HOW DOES ARMSTRONG’S LIFE MIMIC THE GREAT MIGRATION?

16d

LANGSTON HUGHES

• THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE’S MOST FAMOUS POET, WROTE

ABOUT THE LIVES OF WORKING-CLASS AFRICAN AMERICANS

• SOMETIMES SET HIS WORDS TO THE TEMPO OF JAZZ OR THE

BLUES

• WHAT COULD HIS VOICE ACTUALLY DO FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS

DURING THE 1920S?

16d

HARLEM SPEAKS A LIVING HISTORY OF THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE

• LANGSTON HUGHES “THE WEARY

BLUES”

• LANGSTON HUGHES “MOTHER TO

SON”

• LANGSTON HUGHES “DREAM

VARIATION”

• ZORA NEALE HURSTON “UNCLE BUD”

• BESSIE SMITH “MEAN OLD BED BUG

BLUES”

• LOUIS ARMSTRONG “I’M NOT ROUGH”

• DUKE ELLINGTON “THE CREEPER”

• ETHEL WATERS/JAMES P. JOHNSON

“DO WHAT YOU DID LAST NIGHT”

• WEB DUBOIS ON HIS ROLE & HIS

DESIRES

• MARCUS GARVEY ON THE

OBJECTIVES OF THE UNIA

16d

I, TOOBY LANGSTON HUGHES

I, TOO, SING AMERICA.

I AM THE DARKER BROTHER.

THEY SEND ME TO EAT IN THE

KITCHEN

WHEN COMPANY COMES,

BUT I LAUGH,

AND EAT WELL,

AND GROW STRONG.

TOMORROW,

I'LL BE AT THE TABLE

WHEN COMPANY COMES.

NOBODY'LL DARE

SAY TO ME,

"EAT IN THE KITCHEN,"

THEN.

BESIDES,

THEY'LL SEE HOW BEAUTIFUL

I AM

AND BE ASHAMED--

I, TOO, AM AMERICA.

16d

NASI CAN

18TH AMENDMENT• SOCIAL CHANGES BORN OUT OF WWI HAD BIG IMPACTS ON THE

ROARING TWENTIES

• THE 18TH AMENDMENT BROUGHT SOMETHING MANY AMERICANS HAD WANTED FOR A LONG TIME --- PROHIBITION

• “THE MANUFACTURE, SALE, OR TRANSPORTATION OF INTOXICATING LIQUORS ILLEGAL”

• AMERICANS WILL RESIST THE LAW

• WHO MIGHT BENEFIT FROM THIS NEW LAW THAT THE GOVERNMENT HAD NOT INTENDED?

15d

15d

15d

19TH AMENDMENT• RATIFICATION OF THE 19TH AMENDMENT ALSO HAD BEEN A LONG

FIGHT

• WOMEN WERE FINALLY GIVEN THE RIGHT TO VOTE, IN PART THANKS TO THEIR ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTIONS DURING WWI

• WHAT HAD WOMEN DONE DURING WWI?

• WHERE DID THE FIGHT FOR THIS AMENDMENT START IN 1848?

• WHAT SHOULD WE EXPECT OF THE “TWENTIES WOMAN”?

15d

15d

15d

15d

HENRY FORD

• THE AUTOMOBILE WOULD TRULY REPLACE THE HORSE IN THE

1920S

• THE FORD MOTOR COMPANY’S MODEL T WAS THE MOST

POPULAR AUTOMOBILE

• IT WAS AVAILABLE IN ANY COLOR, SO LONG AS THAT COLOR

WAS BLACK

• WHAT OTHER MAJOR INDUSTRIES WOULD BENEFIT FROM

AMERICA’S NEW-FOUND OBSESSION WITH THE AUTOMOBILE?

16b

16b

MASS PRODUCTION• THE ASSEMBLY LINE IS WHAT MADE THE AUTOMOBILE AND SO

MANY OTHER INDUSTRIES SO PROFITABLE IN THE 1920S

• AMERICAN BUSINESSES WERE ABLE TO PRODUCE MORE…MORE

EFFICIENTLY, MORE QUICKLY & MORE CHEAPLY THAN BEFORE

• IF AMERICA IS PRODUCING MORE THAN EVER BEFORE, WHAT

DOES THAT MEAN ABOUT AMERICAN CONSUMPTION OF GOODS?

16b

POPULAR CULTURE

• RADIOS BROUGHT NEWS, SPORTS, AND ENTERTAINMENT

STRAIGHT TO MILLIONS OF AMERICAN HOMES

• MOVIES HELPED CREATE THE FIRST EXTREMELY POPULAR MEDIA

STARS (AND LIFESTYLES)

• HOW CAN MOVIES AND RADIOS FEED THE AMERICAN TREND

TOWARD CONSUMERISM?

16c

TIN PAN ALLEY• A MUSICAL MOVEMENT RISING IN NYC

• “TIN PAN ALLEY” REFERRED NOT ONLY TO A PLACE IN

MANHATTAN, BUT THE GROUP OF MUSIC WRITERS WHO WORKED

THERE

• IRVING BERLIN WAS ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS COMPOSERS,

WRITING HUNDREDS OF POPULAR SONGS, INCLUDING “WHITE

CHRISTMAS,” “THERE’S NO BUSINESS LIKE SHOW BUSINESS,”

AND “GOD BLESS AMERICA”

• WHAT DOES THIS ALL TELL US ABOUT LIFE DURING THE 1920S?

16d

CAUSES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION

• OVER PRODUCTION

• UNDER CONSUMPTION

• STOCK MARKET CRASH

• EASY CREDIT AND LOAN HAPPY BANKS

17a

STOCK MARKET CRASH

• BANKS ISSUES LOANS TO PEOPLE TO BUY STOCKS, FALSELY INFLATING THE MARKET

• PEOPLE PAID FOR STOCKS AT FRACTIONS OF FULL-PRICE, AND THE IRRESPONSIBLE MARKET ALLOWED IT

• BUYING STOCKS ON MARGIN

• OCTOBER 29, 1929 (BLACK TUESDAY) THE STOCK MARKET CRASHED

• $30 BILLION IN A WEEK

• ?

17a

17a

THE GREAT DEPRESSION

• THE STOCK MARKET CRASH TRIGGERED OTHER ECONOMIC

WEAKNESSES

• 80% OF US BANKS SHUT DOWN

• 90,000 BUSINESSES DECLARED BANKRUPTCY

• FAMILIES FELL APART, CHILDREN WENT WITHOUT EDUCATION

AND PROPER NOURISHMENT

• THEFT & VIOLENCE WERE ON THE RISE

• ?

17a

17a

HOOVERVILLES

• AMERICANS FOUND THEMSELVES HOMELESS, LIVING IN SEWER

PIPES AND PARK BENCHES

• SHANTYTOWNS, CAMPS OF SHACKS AND TENTS, CAME

TOGETHER AND WERE RENAMED FOR THE PRESIDENT WHO GOT

THE BLAME

• ?

17c

UNEMPLOYMENT

• WHEN CORPORATE PROFITS FELL, BUSINESSES HAD TO CUT

WORKERS

• UNEMPLOYMENT ROSE FROM 3% TO 25% BY 1932

• 300,000 HOBOES TRAVELED THE COUNTRYSIDE IN SEARCH OF

WORK AND RELIEF

• ?

17c

DUST BOWL

• IN MANY WAYS, THE FOLKS ON FARMS WERE BETTER OFF THAN THOSE IN CITIES

• HOWEVER, THE EXTREME DROUGHT THAT CARRIED THE GREAT PLAINS REGION FROM 1933-1936 WAS TRULY BRUTAL

• DRY CONDITIONS & HIGH WINDS MADE IT IMPOSSIBLE TO FARM

• OVER FARMING OF SOIL LED TO DEPLETION AND RUINED SOIL

• TENANT FARMERS AND SHARECROPPERS WERE EVICTED FROM THEIR LANDS, AND HEADED WEST TO CALIFORNIA FOR WORK

• ?

17b

HIGH TIMES AND LOW TIMES

• BESSIE SMITH

“NOBODY KNOWS YOU WHEN YOU’RE

DOWN AND OUT”

• BIGGIE SMALLS

“JUICY”

DOROTHEA LANGE’SMIGRANT MOTHER

FDR & THE NEW DEAL

• AMERICAN VOTERS REJECTED HERBERT HOOVER AND VOTED IN

FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT

• ROOSEVELT DELIVERED HIS “NEW DEAL” FOR THE AMERICAN

PEOPLE, TO HELP END THE DEPRESSION

• HE PROMISED RELIEF, RECOVERY & REFORM

• WHAT ARE THREE SPECIFIC PROBLEMS OF THE DEPRESSION

THAT FDR MUST FACE?

18

RELIEF, RECOVERY, REFORM• FDR’S NEW DEAL DID NOT CURE ALL OF AMERICA’S

ECONOMIC PROBLEMS RIGHT AWAY

• THE “THREE R’S” CAME IN WAVES THROUGHOUT THE 1930S, FDR WAS CONSTANTLY TRYING NEW THINGS

• THE FIRST HUNDRED DAYS OF THE NEW DEAL

• THE SECOND NEW DEAL

• WWII MOBILIZATION

• WHY WOULD A PRESIDENT’S “FIRST HUNDRED DAYS” MATTER TO PEOPLE?

18

TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY

• THE VERY LARGE TVA PUT PEOPLE TO WORK IN 1933 BUILDING DOZENS OF DAMS AND POWER PLANTS ALONG THE TENNESSEE RIVER

• CONTROLLING THE ENVIRONMENT BY PREVENTING DISASTROUS FLOODS

• BRINGING ELECTRICITY TO MANY IN RURAL REGIONS THAT HAD NOT PREVIOUS HAD IT

• EMPLOYING HUNDREDS

• WHAT ARE THE THREE WAYS IN WHICH THE TVA HELPED?

18a

18a

WAGNER ACT• UNIONS HAD SUFFERED IN THE 1920S DUE TO PRO-BUSINESS

PRESIDENTS AND RED SCARE DISTASTE FOR THEM

• THE WAGNER ACT (NLRA, 1935) ESTABLISHED THE RIGHT OF UNIONS TO BARGAIN COLLECTIVELY AND PROHIBITED EMPLOYERS’ ABUSIVE TACTICS

• THE OLD AFL LEFT MANY UNSKILLED INDUSTRIAL WORKERS OUT, AND SO THE CONGRESS OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATIONS WAS FORMED

• HOW POPULAR WERE LABOR UNIONS IN THE GILDED AGE? PROGRESSIVE ERA? ROARING TWENTIES? 1930S?

(they will later merge into the AFL-CIO in 1955)18b

SOCIAL SECURITY ACT

• PASSED IN 1935 AS ANOTHER IMPORTANT PART OF THE

SECOND NEW DEAL, TO CREATE THREE IMPORTANT

PROGRAMS

• OLD-AGE INSURANCE

• UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION

• FINANCIAL AID FOR THE DISABLED

• VERY RELEVANT STILL TODAY

• DOES THE SSA QUALIFY AS RELIEF, RECOVERY, OR REFORM?

WHY?

18c

FDR’S NEW DEAL• TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY

• WAGNER ACT

• SOCIAL SECURITY ACT

• CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS

• EMERGENCY BANKING RELIEF ACT

• WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION

• FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION

• AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT

• HOME OWNERS LOAN CORPORATION

18a,c

ELEANOR ROOSEVELT• FDR’S WIFE ELEANOR WAS THE FIRST VERY INFLUENTIAL, VERY

VOCAL FIRST LADY

• VERY INTERESTED IN HUMANITARIAN AND SOCIAL PROGRESS

• INVOLVED IN FDR’S DOMESTIC AFFAIRS

• SHE TRAVELED ALL OVER THE US AND REPORTED DIRECTLY TO FDR ON WHAT SHE SAW AROUND THE DEPRESSED NATION

• HELPED ENCOURAGE FDR TO APPOINT FRANCES PERKINS TO CABINET

• WAS ELEANOR’S ROLE THAT OF A FOREIGN POLICY ADVISOR, ECONOMIC ADVISOR, POLITICAL ADVISOR, OR SOCIAL ADVISOR?

18d

OPPOSITION TO THE NEW DEAL

• SOME CONSERVATIVES THOUGHT FDR MADE THE GOVERNMENT TOO LARGE & TOO STRONG

• SOME LIBERALS THOUGHT FDR HAD NOT GONE FAR ENOUGH NOR DONE ENOUGH

• HUEY LONG OF LOUISIANA MAY HAVE BEEN HIS LOUDEST CRITIC AND PROPOSED A PROGRAM OF SHARE OUR WEALTH CLUBS THAT WOULD GUARANTEE A HOME, AN EDUCATION, A JOB, FOOD AND CLOTHES FOR EVERY AMERICAN

• IF THERE ARE CHALLENGERS SAYING THAT FDR ISN’T DOING ENOUGH, DOES THAT MEAN THE NEW DEAL ISN’T WORKING?

18e

Upper Middle Class

Comfortable Middle class

Getting By

Impoverished

Super Super Rich (Rockefeller/Gates Rich)

Big Time CEOs & Entertainers

Super Super Rich (Rockefeller/Gates Rich)

Upper Middle Class

Comfortable Middle class

Huey Long’s Share Our Wealth Program

COURT PACKING SCHEME

• IN 1937, FDR TRIED TO RESTRUCTURE THE SUPREME COURT

• FDR WANTED TO ADD SUPPORTERS TO THE COURT SO HIS NEW

DEAL PROGRAMS WOULD NOT BE IN JEOPARDY

• CONGRESS DID NOT MEET FDR’S DEMANDS

• HOW WOULD MORE JUSTICES KEEP FDR’S PROGRAMS OUT OF

DANGER?

18e

• WHAT IS THE SETTING OF THIS CARTOON?

• WHO IS THE MAIN CHARACTER?

• WHO IS THE SECONDARY CHARACTER?

• DESCRIBE THE ACTION IN THE CARTOON.

• WHAT IS THE CARTOONIST TRYING TO ARGUE?

• IS THIS CARTOON SHOWING FDR IN A POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE LIGHT?