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SOCIOLOGYSOCIOLOGYChapter OneChapter One
SOCIOLOGY-THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF SOCIOLOGY-THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF SOCIETY AND HUMAN BEHAVIORSOCIETY AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR
SOCIAL SCIENCE-STUDY OF THE SOCIAL SOCIAL SCIENCE-STUDY OF THE SOCIAL WORLD THROUGH OBSERVATION AND WORLD THROUGH OBSERVATION AND STUDYSTUDY POLITICAL SCIENCE-POLITICS & GOV’TPOLITICAL SCIENCE-POLITICS & GOV’T ECONOMICS-PRODUCITON GOODS, SERVICESECONOMICS-PRODUCITON GOODS, SERVICES PSYCHOLOGY-PROCESS OF THE MINDPSYCHOLOGY-PROCESS OF THE MIND
BIRTH OF SOCIOLOGYBIRTH OF SOCIOLOGY
THREE FACTORSTHREE FACTORS INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION-CONDITIONSINDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION-CONDITIONS IDEA SELF GOV’T-FRENCH AND AM. REV.IDEA SELF GOV’T-FRENCH AND AM. REV.
PEOPLE TO THINK FOR THEMSELVESPEOPLE TO THINK FOR THEMSELVES No longer told what to doNo longer told what to do IMPERIALISM-LOOK AT OTHER CULTURES AND IMPERIALISM-LOOK AT OTHER CULTURES AND
ASK WHY ARE THEY DIFERENTASK WHY ARE THEY DIFERENT
EXAMINE SOCIETY AND BEHAVIOREXAMINE SOCIETY AND BEHAVIOR
AUGUSTE COMTE-1798-1857AUGUSTE COMTE-1798-1857 FATHER OF SOCIOLOGYFATHER OF SOCIOLOGY STUDY SOCIETY-MAKES IT EVOLVESTUDY SOCIETY-MAKES IT EVOLVE
Herbert SpencerHerbert Spencer
HERBERT SPENCER-HERBERT SPENCER- ””SURVIVIAL OF THE FITTEST”SURVIVIAL OF THE FITTEST” NO NEED TO HELP POORNO NEED TO HELP POOR
Not benefit societyNot benefit society
KARL MARX 1818-1883KARL MARX 1818-1883
CLASS CONFLICTCLASS CONFLICT
LAND OWNERS, ELITE IN CONSTANT BATTLE LAND OWNERS, ELITE IN CONSTANT BATTLE WITH THE WORKERS OF THE WORLDWITH THE WORKERS OF THE WORLD
WORKERS WOULD UNITEWORKERS WOULD UNITE
TAKE OVER AND RULETAKE OVER AND RULE
COMMUNIST MANIFESTOCOMMUNIST MANIFESTO
SOCIAL INTEGRATIONSOCIAL INTEGRATION
EMILE DURKHEIM-1858-1917EMILE DURKHEIM-1858-1917
RESEARCH ON SUICIDERESEARCH ON SUICIDE
SOCIAL INTEGRATION-DEGREE AT WHICH SOCIAL INTEGRATION-DEGREE AT WHICH PEOPLE FEEL A PART OF SOCIAL GROUPSPEOPLE FEEL A PART OF SOCIAL GROUPS
SINGLE MALESINGLE MALE
PROTESTANT KILL THEMSELVES MORE OFTENPROTESTANT KILL THEMSELVES MORE OFTEN
HAVE NO SENSE OF BELONGINGHAVE NO SENSE OF BELONGING
NEED TO BE WANTED AND BELONGNEED TO BE WANTED AND BELONG
MAX WEBER 1864-MAX WEBER 1864-19201920
RELIGION IS THE KEY TO CHANGE IN RELIGION IS THE KEY TO CHANGE IN SOCIETYSOCIETY
CATHOLICS-STAY THE SAMECATHOLICS-STAY THE SAME
PROTESTANTS-ENCOURAGED TO EMBRACE PROTESTANTS-ENCOURAGED TO EMBRACE CHANGECHANGE
PROTESTANT=CAPITALISM=MONEYPROTESTANT=CAPITALISM=MONEY
CATHOLIC=NO CHANGE=POORCATHOLIC=NO CHANGE=POOR
SEXISM AND SEXISM AND SOCIOLOGYSOCIOLOGY
WOMEN AND THE FOUR “C’S”WOMEN AND THE FOUR “C’S” COOKINGCOOKING CHURCHCHURCH COOKINGCOOKING CHILDRENCHILDREN
JANE ADAMS-HULL HOUSEJANE ADAMS-HULL HOUSE POORPOOR GAP BETWEEN POWERFUL AND THE WEAKGAP BETWEEN POWERFUL AND THE WEAK
AFRICAN AMERICANSAFRICAN AMERICANS
W.E.B. Du BOISW.E.B. Du BOIS FIRST AF. AM. RECEIVE Ph.D –HARVARDFIRST AF. AM. RECEIVE Ph.D –HARVARD SUFFERS DISC.SUFFERS DISC. FORMED THE NAACPFORMED THE NAACP LEAVES COUNTRYLEAVES COUNTRY ADVANCED THE RELATIONS BETWEEN AF. AM ADVANCED THE RELATIONS BETWEEN AF. AM
AND PLACE IN SOCIETYAND PLACE IN SOCIETY
SYMBOLIC SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISMINTERACTIONISM
PEOPLE EVALUATE THEIR OWN CONDUCT PEOPLE EVALUATE THEIR OWN CONDUCT BY COMPARING THEMSELVES WITH OTHERSBY COMPARING THEMSELVES WITH OTHERS
SYMBOLS-THINGS WE ATTACH MEANING TOSYMBOLS-THINGS WE ATTACH MEANING TO EVERYTHING IN LIFE IS A “SYMBOL”EVERYTHING IN LIFE IS A “SYMBOL” AUNT-YOUR AUNT-not biologicalAUNT-YOUR AUNT-not biological FRIEND-FRIEND-has meaning and symbolismFRIEND-FRIEND-has meaning and symbolism OVER TIME THESE SYMBOLS OR MEANINGS OVER TIME THESE SYMBOLS OR MEANINGS
CHANGECHANGE
SYMBOLIC SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM OF INTERACTIONISM OF DIVORCE IN AMERICADIVORCE IN AMERICA
EMOTIONAL SATISFACTION-NOW DEMANDEDEMOTIONAL SATISFACTION-NOW DEMANDED
TRUE LOVE-UNREALISTIC EXPACTATIONS OF TRUE LOVE-UNREALISTIC EXPACTATIONS OF LOVE-LEAD TO DIVORCELOVE-LEAD TO DIVORCE
CHILDREN-PARENTING-TODAY EXPECTED TO CHILDREN-PARENTING-TODAY EXPECTED TO PROVIDE AND CARE FOR CHILDREN INTO PROVIDE AND CARE FOR CHILDREN INTO EARLY ADULTHOOD-EARLY ADULTHOOD-
MAMMA’S BOYMAMMA’S BOY
ROLES OF SPOUSE-WHO TAKES CARE OF ROLES OF SPOUSE-WHO TAKES CARE OF KIDS, WORKS, CLEANS, ETC…KIDS, WORKS, CLEANS, ETC…
WOMEN WORKING-STAY SINGLE, MONEY, NO WOMEN WORKING-STAY SINGLE, MONEY, NO LONGER DEP. ON MENLONGER DEP. ON MEN
CHANGES IN LAW, EASY TO RECEIVE A CHANGES IN LAW, EASY TO RECEIVE A DIVORCEDIVORCE NO-FAULT DIVORCESNO-FAULT DIVORCES
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
CHANGING SYMBOLS 9MEANINGS) EXPLAIN CHANGING SYMBOLS 9MEANINGS) EXPLAIN THE INCREASE IN DIVORCE RATETHE INCREASE IN DIVORCE RATE
NO SINGLE CAUSE, NO SINGLE CAUSE,
ARE THEY GOOD OR BAD?ARE THEY GOOD OR BAD?
CONFLICT THEORYCONFLICT THEORY
THE KEY TO LIFE IS CLASS STRUGGLETHE KEY TO LIFE IS CLASS STRUGGLE
““HAVE AND THE HAVE NOTS”HAVE AND THE HAVE NOTS”
BOURGEOISIE-SMALL WEALTHY CLASSBOURGEOISIE-SMALL WEALTHY CLASS
PROLETARIAT-WORKERS-ABUSED BY THE PROLETARIAT-WORKERS-ABUSED BY THE WEALTHY CLASSWEALTHY CLASS
PEOPLE WILL AUTOMATICALLY RESENT PEOPLE WILL AUTOMATICALLY RESENT AUTHORITYAUTHORITY
CONFLICT THEORY AND CONFLICT THEORY AND DIVORCE RATE DIVORCE RATE
MEN DOMINATE AND EXPLOITMEN DOMINATE AND EXPLOIT
WOMEN ARE EXPLOITED AND DOMINATEDWOMEN ARE EXPLOITED AND DOMINATED
CONFLICT EXISTS, THIS WILL LEAD TO CONFLICT EXISTS, THIS WILL LEAD TO DIVORCEDIVORCE
WOMEN HAVE PROGRESSED, WILL NO WOMEN HAVE PROGRESSED, WILL NO LONGER ACCEPT THIS ROLE LONGER ACCEPT THIS ROLE
MANY MEN RESENT THIS MANY MEN RESENT THIS
CHAPTER 2 -CULTURECHAPTER 2 -CULTURE
CULTURE-LANGUAGE, BELIEFS, VALUES CULTURE-LANGUAGE, BELIEFS, VALUES NORMS BEHAVIORS, AND MATERIAL OBJECTS NORMS BEHAVIORS, AND MATERIAL OBJECTS PASSED FROM ONE GENERATON TO PASSED FROM ONE GENERATON TO ANOTHERANOTHER MATERIAL-JEWELRY, ART, MUSICMATERIAL-JEWELRY, ART, MUSIC NONMATERIAL-BELIEFS, VALUES AND NONMATERIAL-BELIEFS, VALUES AND
ASSUMPTIONS, GESTURES ETC…ASSUMPTIONS, GESTURES ETC…
MEANING OF CULTUREMEANING OF CULTURE
CULTURE IS NOT NORMALCULTURE IS NOT NORMAL IT IS LEARNEDIT IS LEARNED EXPERIENCE A NEW AND DIFFERENT CULTURE EXPERIENCE A NEW AND DIFFERENT CULTURE
EXPERIENCE “CULTURE SHOCK”EXPERIENCE “CULTURE SHOCK” ETHNOCENTRISM-BELIEVING THAT YOUR ETHNOCENTRISM-BELIEVING THAT YOUR
CULTURE IS BETTER THAN OTHERSCULTURE IS BETTER THAN OTHERS CULTURAL RELATIVISM-APRRECIATE OTHER CULTURAL RELATIVISM-APRRECIATE OTHER
GROUPS WITHOUT JUDGING THEMGROUPS WITHOUT JUDGING THEM
SYMBOLIC CULTURESYMBOLIC CULTURE
GESTURES, LANGUAGE, VALUES, FOLKWAYS GESTURES, LANGUAGE, VALUES, FOLKWAYS
ALLOW US TO COMMUNICATEALLOW US TO COMMUNICATE
NOT ALL GESTURES ARE THE SAMENOT ALL GESTURES ARE THE SAME
VALUESVALUES
STANDARDS BY WHICH A SOCITY DEFINES STANDARDS BY WHICH A SOCITY DEFINES GOOD AND BADGOOD AND BAD
NORMS ARE THE RULES OF BEHAVIOR THAT NORMS ARE THE RULES OF BEHAVIOR THAT DEVELOP OUT OF THESE VALUESDEVELOP OUT OF THESE VALUES
SANCTIONS-POSOTIVE-MONEY, PRIZE, SMILESANCTIONS-POSOTIVE-MONEY, PRIZE, SMILE NEGATIVE SANCTION-FINE PENALTY, TROUBLE NEGATIVE SANCTION-FINE PENALTY, TROUBLE
FOR BREAKING THE NORMFOR BREAKING THE NORM
FOLKWAYS-NORMS THAT ARE NOT STRICLTY FOLKWAYS-NORMS THAT ARE NOT STRICLTY ENFORCEDENFORCED PASSING ON RIGHT SIDE OF HIGHWAYPASSING ON RIGHT SIDE OF HIGHWAY INCONVENIENCE NOT A CRIMEINCONVENIENCE NOT A CRIME
MORES-NORMS BELIEVED TO BE ESSENTIALMORES-NORMS BELIEVED TO BE ESSENTIAL KILLING, RAPING, STEALING-HAS VIOLATED KILLING, RAPING, STEALING-HAS VIOLATED
SOCIETIES MOST IMPORTANT MORESSOCIETIES MOST IMPORTANT MORES
NORMS VARY-ONE GROUPS FOLKWAY CAN NORMS VARY-ONE GROUPS FOLKWAY CAN BE ANOTHERS MORESBE ANOTHERS MORES MAN GO BARECHESTED-FOLKWAYMAN GO BARECHESTED-FOLKWAY WOMEN GO BARECHESTED-NORMWOMEN GO BARECHESTED-NORM
WOMEN WEAR PANTSWOMEN WEAR PANTS MEN WEAR DRESSESMEN WEAR DRESSES
TABOOSTABOOS
NORMS THAT ARE NEVER TO BE BROKENNORMS THAT ARE NEVER TO BE BROKEN EATING HUMAN FLESHEATING HUMAN FLESH INCESTINCEST BEASTIALITYBEASTIALITY
SUBCULTURESUBCULTURE
GROUPS WHOSE VALUES AND BEHAVIOR GROUPS WHOSE VALUES AND BEHAVIOR ARE SO DISTINCT THAT THEY ARE ARE SO DISTINCT THAT THEY ARE SEPARATE FROM THE DOMINANT CULTURESEPARATE FROM THE DOMINANT CULTURE
A SMALLER CULTURE WITHIN A LARGE ONEA SMALLER CULTURE WITHIN A LARGE ONE
OWN IDENTITY AND VALUESOWN IDENTITY AND VALUES MUSICIANS, ARTISTS, SPORTS FIGURESMUSICIANS, ARTISTS, SPORTS FIGURES TEACHERS, HIP-HOP, HARRY POTTERTEACHERS, HIP-HOP, HARRY POTTER STAR TREK, STAR TREK,
COUNTER CULTURECOUNTER CULTURE
GROUP WHOSE BELIEFS PLACE ITSELF AT GROUP WHOSE BELIEFS PLACE ITSELF AT ODDS WITH MAINSTREAM CULTUREODDS WITH MAINSTREAM CULTURE BIKER GANGS-USE VIOLENCE AND HATRED BIKER GANGS-USE VIOLENCE AND HATRED
TOWARD WOMENTOWARD WOMEN MORMONS AND POLYGYNYMORMONS AND POLYGYNY EXCESSIVE DRUGS AND VIOLENCEEXCESSIVE DRUGS AND VIOLENCE DO NOT HAVE TO BE NEGATIVEDO NOT HAVE TO BE NEGATIVE
PLURALISITC SOCIETYPLURALISITC SOCIETY
A SOCIETY MADE UP OF MANY DIFERENT A SOCIETY MADE UP OF MANY DIFERENT GROUPSGROUPS ACHIEVEMENT AND SUCCESSACHIEVEMENT AND SUCCESS MATERIAL COMFORTMATERIAL COMFORT FREEDOMFREEDOM EDUCATIONEDUCATION ACTIVITY AND WORKACTIVITY AND WORK
VALUE CLUSTERVALUE CLUSTER
VALUES CLUSTER TOGETHER TO FORM VALUES CLUSTER TOGETHER TO FORM A LARGER WHOLEA LARGER WHOLE LEISURE-HUGE RECREATION INDUSTRYLEISURE-HUGE RECREATION INDUSTRY SELF-FUFILLMENT-PERSONEL SELF-FUFILLMENT-PERSONEL
DEVELOPMENT-ALL YOU CAN BEDEVELOPMENT-ALL YOU CAN BE PHYSICAL FITNESS-HEALTH CLUBS, GYMS, PHYSICAL FITNESS-HEALTH CLUBS, GYMS,
YOGA, VITAMINSYOGA, VITAMINS YOUNGNESS-PLASTIC SURGERY, DENY YOUNGNESS-PLASTIC SURGERY, DENY
AGING, BABY BOOMERS AFRAID OF AGING, BABY BOOMERS AFRAID OF GETTING OLDGETTING OLD
CULTURE WARSCULTURE WARS
TWO CULTURES FIGHT OVER BELIEFSTWO CULTURES FIGHT OVER BELIEFS GENDER AND SEXUALITYGENDER AND SEXUALITY GAY MARRIAGEGAY MARRIAGE GAY ADOPTIONGAY ADOPTION SEX CHANGE OPERATIONSSEX CHANGE OPERATIONS GAY TEACHERSGAY TEACHERS
CULTURAL UNIVERSALSCULTURAL UNIVERSALS
A VALUE THAT IS FOUND IN EVERY GROUPA VALUE THAT IS FOUND IN EVERY GROUP
GEORGE MURDOCH-1945-STUDIED GEORGE MURDOCH-1945-STUDIED HUNDREDS OF GROUPSHUNDREDS OF GROUPS MARRIAGEMARRIAGE FAMILYFAMILY COOKINGCOOKING INCESTINCEST
MURDOCH’S STUDY MURDOCH’S STUDY REVEALEDREVEALED
NO UNIVERSAL FORM OF FAMILY OR WAY OF NO UNIVERSAL FORM OF FAMILY OR WAY OF LIFELIFE
EVERY SOCIETY DIFFERSEVERY SOCIETY DIFFERS INCEST-MOTHER-TO SAVE THE FAMILYINCEST-MOTHER-TO SAVE THE FAMILY NEW GUINEA-TABOO-CAN NOT MARRY 7/8 NEW GUINEA-TABOO-CAN NOT MARRY 7/8
FEMALESFEMALES UNIVERSAL ACTIVITIES, NO UNIVERSAL WAY UNIVERSAL ACTIVITIES, NO UNIVERSAL WAY
OF DOING THEMOF DOING THEM
ANIMALS AND ANIMALS AND LANGUAGELANGUAGE
CAN ANIMALS TALK?CAN ANIMALS TALK?
ANIMALS DO NOT HAVE APPARATUS TO TALKANIMALS DO NOT HAVE APPARATUS TO TALK
DO THEY LACK INTELLIGENCE?DO THEY LACK INTELLIGENCE?
WASHOE THE TALKING WASHOE THE TALKING MONKEYMONKEY
GARDNER’S (1974) RAISE BABY MONKEY, GARDNER’S (1974) RAISE BABY MONKEY, WASHOE TO LEARN SIGN LANGUAGEWASHOE TO LEARN SIGN LANGUAGE
LEARNED OVER 160 SIGNS AND PUT THEM LEARNED OVER 160 SIGNS AND PUT THEM TOGETHER TO MAKE SHORT SENTENCESTOGETHER TO MAKE SHORT SENTENCES
IS THIS PROOF? YES/NOIS THIS PROOF? YES/NO
CULTURAL LAGCULTURAL LAG
CULTURE FALLS BEHIND TECHNOLOGYCULTURE FALLS BEHIND TECHNOLOGY COMPUTERS-WHAT THEY CAN DOCOMPUTERS-WHAT THEY CAN DO SCHOOL YEAR-SUMMERS OFF-CHILDREN HAD SCHOOL YEAR-SUMMERS OFF-CHILDREN HAD
TO WORKTO WORK NEVER CATCH UP TO CHANGING ITNEVER CATCH UP TO CHANGING IT
CULTURAL LEVELING-CULTURES BECOME CULTURAL LEVELING-CULTURES BECOME SIMILAR-EVERYONE IS WESTERNIZINGSIMILAR-EVERYONE IS WESTERNIZING MCDONALDS, COKE, PEPSI, GAP, ETC..MCDONALDS, COKE, PEPSI, GAP, ETC..
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