sociology ppt final
Post on 06-Apr-2018
238 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/3/2019 Sociology Ppt Final
1/26
5/3/2012 1
-
8/3/2019 Sociology Ppt Final
2/26
Environmental Issue
-
8/3/2019 Sociology Ppt Final
3/26
What Is Environment
Environment is anessential natural
process or an outcomeof occurrence.
Environment issurrounding
atmosphere/ conditionfor existence.
3-May-12 3Presented ByKamran,Umair,Anis,Arsalan
-
8/3/2019 Sociology Ppt Final
4/26
Environmental Issue In Pakistan
Environmentalissues in Pakistan
threaten the
populations healthand have beendisturbing the
balance betweeneconomic
development andenvironmental
protection.
Poor naturalresource
management overmany years andcontinuing high
population growthhave had a
negative impact onPakistan'senvironment.
3-May-12 4Presented ByKamran,Umair,Anis,Arsalan
-
8/3/2019 Sociology Ppt Final
5/26
Environmental Issue In Pakistan
Pakistan has focusedon achieving self-sufficiency in food
production, meetingenergy demands, and
containing its highrate of population
growth rather than on
curtailing pollution orother environmentalhazards.
As a result, "green"concerns have not
been thegovernment's top
priority
3-May-12 5Presented ByKamran,Umair,Anis,Arsalan
-
8/3/2019 Sociology Ppt Final
6/26
Key Environmental Issues andChallenges
Water Resources
Energy
Environmental Pollution
Irrigated Agriculture and
Cropland
Biodiversity and NaturalResources Management
3-May-12 6Presented ByKamran,Umair,Anis,Arsalan
-
8/3/2019 Sociology Ppt Final
7/26
Water Resources
Water is an essential element for our survival
There is a limited natural fresh water resources; a majority of the population does not haveaccess to potable water; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification Per capita wateravailability in Pakistan has decreased from 5,000 cubic meters per annum in to 1,100 in
1951.The principal source of drinking water for the majority of people in Pakistan is groundwater.Most of the rural areas and many major cities rely on it, although some cities such asIslamabad, Karachi, Hyderabad etc., get water from a number of other sources. About 80% ofthe Punjab has fresh groundwater, but in Sindh, less than 30% of groundwater is fresh.
A recent study of 11 cities of Punjab shows an excess of arsenic and fluoride
concentrations in the water supply systems of six cities; Multan, Bhawalpur,Shaikhupura, Kasur, Gujranwala, and Lahore
Alarmingly, over 2 million people in these cities are drinking unsafe water, some with ahigh arsenic concentration.
3-May-12 7Presented ByKamran,Umair,Anis,Arsalan
-
8/3/2019 Sociology Ppt Final
8/26
Water Resources
3-May-12 Presented By Irtaza & Umair 8
-
8/3/2019 Sociology Ppt Final
9/26
Environmental Pollution
THE CONTAMINATION OF
PHYSICAL ANDBIOLOGICALCOMPONENTS OF THE
EARTH OR ATMOSPHERESYSTEM TO SUCH AN
EXTENT THAT NORMALENVIRONMENT
AFFECTED.
3-May-12 9Presented ByKamran,Umair,Anis,Arsalan
-
8/3/2019 Sociology Ppt Final
10/26
Environmental Pollution
Types OfPollution
AirPollution
WaterPollution
SoilPollution
3-May-12 10Presented ByKamran,Umair,Anis,Arsalan
-
8/3/2019 Sociology Ppt Final
11/26
Air Pollution
Air pollution in Pakistan iscaused by industrial andthermal power plants, but
more particularly byvehicular emissions
Karachi and Lahore, isestimated to be 20 timeshigher than World Health
Organization standards
A large number ofcommercial vehicles plyon Karachi roads without
proper fitness.
These unfit vehicles are outto emit dangerous smoke
through their exhausts
which cause serious healthproblems especially chest
related diseases among thecitizens
An estimated 550 metric
tons per year of leademissions are generatedby vehicles in Pakistan
Many Pakistanienvironmentalists say that
poor fuel quality is also toblame for the country'sserious air pollution
problems
3-May-12 11Presented ByKamran,Umair,Anis,Arsalan
-
8/3/2019 Sociology Ppt Final
12/26
Air Pollution
3-May-12 12Presented ByKamran,Umair,Anis,Arsalan
-
8/3/2019 Sociology Ppt Final
13/26
Management of Solid andHazardous Waste
Roughly 48,000 tons of solid wasteis generated every day in the
country.
Streets are treated asreceptacles for waste.
There is only partialsegregation of recyclable
waste. Waste paper, plastic,metal, glass, rubber, rags and
so on are thrown on thestreets along with domestic,
trade and institutional wastes.
Poor sanitation and hygieneand the lack of access to a
safe drinking water supply areconsidered key contributingfactors to the high rate of
disease (such as diarrhea) inthe country.
3-May-12 13Presented ByKamran,Umair,Anis,Arsalan
-
8/3/2019 Sociology Ppt Final
14/26
Management of Solid andHazardous Waste
3-May-12 14Presented ByKamran,Umair,Anis,Arsalan
-
8/3/2019 Sociology Ppt Final
15/26
Biological Effect
Diabetes
Eye disease
HemophiliaAlcoholism
Mentalretardation
3-May-12 15Presented ByKamran,Umair,Anis,Arsalan
-
8/3/2019 Sociology Ppt Final
16/26
Pollution And Waste Management
Presently over15,000 industrialunits located in
different districts,discharge highly
toxic waste.
It converted theblue waters of
Arabian coast intoa septic tank.
Thousands of tonsof toxic waste isdumped into thesea every day
The city generatesaround 7,000 tonsof garbage daily
which is alsodisposed of withoutproper treatment.
Major industrialcontributors to waterpollution in Pakistan
are thepetrochemicals,
paper and pulp, foodprocessing,
tanneries, refineries,textile and sugar
industries.
3-May-12 16Presented ByKamran,Umair,Anis,Arsalan
-
8/3/2019 Sociology Ppt Final
17/26
Energy
Pakistan contributes little to greenhouse gas emissions and global climate change. Its totalenergy-related carbon dioxide emissions measure about 100 million t, of which 46% is from oil-
related emissions, 45% from gas, and 9% from coal.
Pakistan, as an energy intensive is a net importer of energy, and also lags behind other countriesin converting high-value primary energy (gas and oil) into useful energy services.
Technical and commercial losses caused by poor infrastructure and a significant amount of powertheft represent 30% of the total electric power generated.
Pakistan faces power shortages during peak seasons and peak hours of use, making it necessaryto implement rotating blackouts ("load-shedding"). Additionally, many rural areas do not evenhave access to electricity, while half the population is not connected to the national grid.
Pakistans demand for electricity is also rising rapidly, close to 12% on the average. Its installedcapacity is about 23,000 megawatts (MW)
In recent years, Pakistans rising consumption of oil its flat oil production (close to 65,000 bbl/day)
3-May-12 17Presented ByKamran,Umair,Anis,Arsalan
-
8/3/2019 Sociology Ppt Final
18/26
Irrigated Agricultur & Cropland
Pakistan depends heavily onirrigation agriculture
The irrigation of crops with heavywater requirements (such as
sugarcane and rice) deposits 20million tons of river salts every year,and moves salts in the soil profile to
the surface.
The resulting Process reduces cropyields, while the use of groundwatercontaining relatively high levels ofdissolved salts leads to sodicity
3-May-12 18Presented ByKamran,Umair,Anis,Arsalan
-
8/3/2019 Sociology Ppt Final
19/26
Biodiversity
Much of the countrysvariety of plant and animallife has disappeared over
its long period ofcivilization
Natural ecological zoneshave been so widely
affected by human activitythat very few truly natural
habitats remain.
Pakistan has the leastvariety of mammals, birds,
amphibians, and higherplants per representative
unit of area.
The excessive andimproper use of pesticidesdestroys the natural biotic
balance of agriculturalsoils and reduces the
diversity of invertebratefauna
It is estimated that aquarter of the pesticides
applied to crops eventuallyreach the Arabian Sea as
runoff
3-May-12 19Presented ByKamran,Umair,Anis,Arsalan
-
8/3/2019 Sociology Ppt Final
20/26
Deforestation
Forests are important in the fight against greenhouse gasses whichare impacting climate change. They absorb water and ensure that it is
filtered, sustained, and gradually available for consumption.
Deforestation and desertification lead to landslides anddrought.
When forests are cut down to use land for agriculture, carbonstored in trees is released as carbon dioxide (CO2)
Pakistan has only 2.5 percent of forest cover with an alarmingrate of deforestation.
The annual rate of deforestation in Pakistan is -2.1 percent,
no Asian country has a forest degradation rate higher thanthis.
3-May-12 20Presented ByKamran,Umair,Anis,Arsalan
-
8/3/2019 Sociology Ppt Final
21/26
Government Policy
In 1992 thegovernment
issued its NationalConservation
Strategy Report(NCSR) outlining
Pakistan's state of
environmentalhealth, its
sustainable goals,and viable
program optionsfor the future with
the NationalConservation
Goals
The NCSRstipulated threegoals for the
country'senvironmental
protection efforts
Conservationof naturalresources
Promotion ofsustainable
development
Improvement ofefficiency in the useand management of
resources.
in 1993PakistanappliedNational
EnvironmentalQuality
Standards
(NEQS) tomunicipal andliquid industrialeffluents and
industrialgaseous
emissions,motor vehicleexhaust, and
noise.
However,attempts to
legislateenvironmenta
l protectionhave fallenshort, and
regulationshave not
beenenforcedstrongly
3-May-12 21Presented ByKamran,Umair,Anis,Arsalan
-
8/3/2019 Sociology Ppt Final
22/26
Government Policy
The government's 1995 Clean Fuel Initiative waslargely ineffective, and now authorities are looking atthe possibility of using alternative fuels for vehicles
According to the latest statistics, more than 275 CNGstations are in operation and over 275,000 cars havebeen converted to CNG, making Pakistan third largestCNG consumer in the world after Argentina and Italy
Use of CNG in vehicles is being encouraged to reducepressure on petroleum imports, to reduce carbonemissions and improve the environment. But It Hasdecrease our natural gas
3-May-12 22Presented ByKamran,Umair,Anis,Arsalan
-
8/3/2019 Sociology Ppt Final
23/26
Conclusion
Environmental concerns in
Pakistan can be examined inboth rural and urban contexts,
but the institutional andregulatory framework requiredfor environmental management
has not evolved noticeablyduring the last periods.
3-May-12 23Presented ByKamran,Umair,Anis,Arsalan
-
8/3/2019 Sociology Ppt Final
24/26
-
8/3/2019 Sociology Ppt Final
25/26
Q/Ans Session
-
8/3/2019 Sociology Ppt Final
26/26
top related