soil structure, cultivations and crop establishment: csf ......more effective than lgp tyres • no...
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© 2016
Soil Structure, Cultivations andCrop Establishment:
CSF Helpston 2016.
Philip WrightWright Resolutions Limited
Soil Structure, Cultivations and Establishment.
© 2016
Soil Structure – visual indicators
© 2016
Soil Structure: trafficking effects
After: Söhne (1958)
Axle Load
Pressure
© 2016
• Soil resistance to compaction is improved by Organic Matter• Note a small increase in OM% makes a big difference
12psi = 83kPa
20psi = 138kPa
35psi = 241kPa
Nutrient Availability
Key Component – Organic Matter
© 2016
Subsoiler Leg Geometry: principles
© 2016
After: Tullberg et al. 2003
Reduced pressure/axle weight and correct balance by ballasting;Note RESIDUE MANAGEMENT is key
Options for compaction reduction
Controlled traffic
Source: CTF Europe
© 2016
Setting up ballast & tyre pressuresBenefits of reduced ground pressure
© 2016
Cover Crops – benefits of getting roots down.
Moisture removal and restructuring
capabilities are key features!!
• Different modes of root growth – target & restructure compacted zones• Minimise nutrient loss through winter• Go before a later sown Autumn or Spring crop – moisture benefits• Incorporate / Graze or Spray off; possibility to direct drill next crop• TIMING of Cover crop desiccation is vital for effective Spring cropping
• Spring rotations - the key for grass weed control???• Note soil disturbance when establishing a cover and the next crop can imply different requirements.
© 2016
• Correctly-inflated low ground pressure tyres reduce
compaction, surface runoff and sediment loss from autumn
spray operations…
• Drilling the wheeling area has no consistent effect, as autumn
spray operation still causes compaction
• Novel rotary harrow usually more effective than LGP tyres
• No effect of treatments on wheelslip, fuel use or crop yield
Runoff
02468
101214
ControlTyre
Control +Harrow
Optimumtyre
Optimum+ Harrow
Run
off (
mm
)
Eroded soil
0200400600800
100012001400
ControlTyre
Control +Harrow
Optimumtyre
Optimum+ harrow
Sedi
men
t (kg
/ha)
After: Sustainable Arable LINK 2008/15
Soil Structure – Movement of Water & Nutrient
Up to 75% of run-off is from tramlines
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