solid - liquid phase separation - ucce sonomacesonoma.ucanr.edu/files/27768.pdf · extraction...

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OLIVE OIL PROCESSING COURSE

OLIVE OIL PROCESSING COURSE

Solid - Liquid Phase Separation

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Extraction efficiency

Very good efficiency: >90.0%

Benchmark efficiency: >85.0%

Unacceptable: <70 0%Unacceptable: <70.0%

Extraction efficiency

E.E.=1-(Oil pomace*(100-Oil fruit))/(Oil fruit*(100-Oil pomace)

Or

< 8.0% oil/dry matter in the pomace

With 50% moisture fruit = 3.0% oil/fresh in pomace

With 60% moisture fruit = 2.0% oil/fresh in pomace

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Fruit and moisture levels

Fruit moisture vs. extraction efficiency - Plant A

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

90.00%

100.00%

it m

oist

ure

& ex

trac

tion

effic

ienc

y (%

)

40.00%0 5 10 15 20 25

Samples

Fru

Moist Eff iciency Linear (Eff iciency) Linear (Moist)

Fruit and soil moisture

Fruit moisture vs. extraction efficiency - Plant BFruit moisture vs. extraction efficiency Plant B

50 00%

60.00%70.00%80.00%90.00%

100.00%110.00%

ruit

moi

stur

e an

d ef

ficie

ncy

(%)

40.00%50.00%

0 10 20 30 40 50

Samples

Fr

Fruit moisture Efficiency Poly. (Eff iciency) Linear (Fruit moisture)

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Decanter

Decanter

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Decanter

PomaceWater

OilPomace Oil

r

Decanter

• Capacity.

• Efficiency.

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Capacity of the Decanter

• Viscosity (Temperature).• Length.• Diameter.• Differential between screw and bowl.• Particle size (Crushing)• Particle size (Crushing).

Capacity of the Decanter

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Efficiency of the Decanter

• Density difference between phases (Talc – Water - Crushing).• Speed of rotation.• Size of phases (Decanter plates).• Separation time (Pumping speed).

Capacity vs. Equipment

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Pumping speed

13Speed 1 (65% TC) Speed 2 (80% TC)

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10

11

12 p

om

ace

(%)

5

6

7

8

1 2 3Samples

Oil

in

Pumping speed

• How do I know if I am pumping too fast?p p g

• Oil losses above limit.• Oil comes out dirty (Not always).

• How do I know if I am pumping to slow?

• No problems apart from increased costs.• Do not go under 40% NC of the Decanter.

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Pumping speed

Pumping speed

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Decanter plates

Decanter plates

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Decanter plates

Decanter platesPlate 99 Plate 100 Plate 101

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9

10

11

5

6

7

Without water 6% WaterMarino Uceda – Australia 2005

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Decanter plates

• How do I know when to change the plate?g p

• Once you have tried everything else and the oil still comes out very dirty and with very low Decanter capacity. Put an smaller plate.

• Or if there is too much oil in the decanter. Stop the feeding pump into decanter, flush it with water and the amount of oil that is obtained should not exceed

f f1.5 % of the TC of the decanter. E.g.: 5 tn/hr should not produce more than 50-75 litres. Put a larger plate.

Processing

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Extraction efficiencies per plant and operator

-83.20%75.93%Plant B

90.10%84.67%-Plant A

>2 years1-2 years< 1 yearOperator

92.15%89.31%-Plant C

OLIVE OIL PROCESSING COURSE

Liquid - Liquid Phase Separation

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Centrifugation

Centrifugation

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Centrifugation

Centrifugation

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Centrifugation

Centrifugation

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Centrifugation

Centrifugation

Oil in water:

Ideal: < 0.1%Unacceptable: > 0.3%

Water in oil:Ideal: < 0.2%Unacceptable: > 0.6%

Oil temperature:Oil temperature:Ideal: 1-2ºC higher than malaxing TºUnacceptable: Lower than malaxing Tº.

> 5ºC higher than malaxing Tº

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Centrifugation

• Accurate selection of regulation ring.g g• Check oil aspect at all times (Clean milky aspect).• Check foam aspect at all times (White as soon as it is formed).• Do not over feed the separator.• Do not add more than 40% of water/oil.• Temperature of water between 35-38ºC. Never colder than the oil.• Constant flow of oil and water.• Regulate discharge times (1-2 hours).• Maintain clean all parts.

Centrifugation

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Settling

Settling

• Maintain oil in settling for 24-48 h.g• Drain settlings every two hours.• Remove foam every six hours.• Avoid contact with open air or light.• If we drain more than 1% settlings for total oil produced we have to check the separator.• Maintain temperature above 18ºC.• Check acidity and peroxides before sending to final tank.