solids & liquids. ca standards students know the atoms and molecules in liquids move in a random...
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Solids & Liquids
CA Standards
• Students know the atoms and molecules in liquids move in a random pattern relative to one another because the intermolecular forces are too weak to hold the atoms or molecules in a solid form.
Intermolecular Forces
Dipole-dipole attraction
Hydrogen bondsDispersion forces
Forces of attraction between different molecules rather than bonding forces within the same molecule.
Forces and Phases
o Substances with very little intermolecular attraction exist as gases
o Substances with strong intermolecular attraction exist as liquids
o Substances with very strong intermolecular (or ionic) attraction exist as solids
Phase Differences
Solid – definite volume and shape; particles packed in fixed positions; particles are not free to moveLiquid – definite volume but indefinite shape; particles close together but not in fixed positions; particles are free to move
Gas – neither definite volume nor definite shape; particles are at great distances from one another; particles are free to move
Three Phases of Matter
Types of SolidsCrystalline Solids: highly regular
arrangement of their components [table salt (NaCl), pyrite (FeS2)].
Unit CellThe smallest portion of a crystal lattice that shows the three-dimensional pattern of the entire lattice
Types of Solids
Amorphous solids: considerable disorder in their structures (glass and plastic).
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