soul mates forlife - purdue university · medicinal mushrooms and fungi key properties, mechanisms...
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soul mates for lifepartnering with fungi for
medicine and mycoremediation
Tradd CotterMushroom Mountain
“If we gaze deep, deep into nature, we will find the solutions for everything…”
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“If we gaze deep, deep into nature, we will find the solutions for everything…”
- Albert Einstein
www.dinosaurisle.com/images/Timelin
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Loglife.com
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DEVONIAN LANDSCAPE
350-420 MILLION YEARS AGO...
Dawson, 1888
20 Feet
Cooksonia – 3ft
Prototaxites
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INTERACTIONSKINGDOM
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Plant – Fungus - VirusThree-Way Symbiosis
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Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae
Cedar Apple Rust
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Ustilago maydis
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Significant Increase in Metabolite Production at Competitor Sites
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Metabolite Production at Competitor Sites
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Jack o’lanternOmphalotus illudens
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Total Maximum Daily Loads(TMDLs)
• Sediment• Pathogens• Nutrients• Metals• Dissolved Oxygen• Temperature• pH• Pesticides• Mercury• Organics
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BUILDING FUNGALBIOMASS
RecyclingAids
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Pestalotiopsis microspora
Polyurethane Degrading Fungus
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Cultivating on Ag waste and Weeds
• Spent Coffee• Cereal Straw (oat, wheat, rye)• Cotton Waste• Corn Waste• Kudzu• Water Hyacinth
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Vegetable Foliage Recycled and Used for Mushroom Cultivation Media
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Octanol – “Mushroom Alcohol”
www.celebratebig.com
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4. COMPOST AND VERMICULTURE FOR
SOIL AND WORM PRODUCTION
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SOIL REMEDIATION
IN SITU
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Lentinus lepideus
Chromated copper arsenate (CCA)
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SCREENING FUNGI
CHEMICAL
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Pleurotus ostreatus
ATRAZINE HERBICIDE AGAR
3X LABELED USE RATE
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DAY 10
DAY 12
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SCREENING FUNGI
BIOLOGICAL
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9-22-11
9-22-11
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http://chessman.com/pics/Bonnie%20feeding%20cows.jpg
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SCREENING FUNGI
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Turkey Tails and other “Brackets”
HEMLOCK REISHI
Ganoderma tsugae
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RATE OF GROWTH
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King StrophariaStropharia rugoso-annulata
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MYCOPESTICIDESCollecting and Cultivating Entomopathogens
The picture can't be displayed.
Copyright – Tradd Cotter
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www.lancs.ac.uk/staff/grahamr/
http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/graphics/photos/oct04/k11145-17i.jpg
Metarhizium feeding on Varroa Mites
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Daniel Winkler
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MUSHROOM MOUNTAINMYCOPESTICIDES
TARGET-SPECIFIC, Biologicalalternative to chemicals
Chemical
Pesticide
Large Target Window
MYCOPESTICIDALNarrow Target
Window
Broad Range Acephate Toxicity
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CHLORPYRIFOS
7.5 BILLION POUNDS OF PRODUCT USE
PER YEAR in U.S.
ACTIVE
INGREDIENT
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Medicinal MushroomsHistory and Future of Immune System Reinforcement
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MEDICINAL MUSHROOMS AND FUNGIKey Properties, Mechanisms and Targeted Treatments
• IMMUNE MODULATION• ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND SUGAR
REGULATION• NERVE DEGENERATION AND DISORDERS• ANTIFUNGAL• ANTIBACTERIAL• CANCER REPLICATION AND APOPTOSIS• VIRUS INHIBITION
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Beta Glucans
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Cap Cuticle Pigmentation and Optimizing Wavelength Parameters
Red, light emission 580-660 nm, maximum at 631 nm; yellow, light emission 550-630 nm, maximum at 597 nm; Blue, light emission 420-550 nm, maximum at 463 nm;
Green, light emission 470-600 nm, maximum at 517 nm
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Figure 1. Effect of UV irradiation sources on the efficacy of vitamin D2 synthesis in oyster mushrooms.
Wu W-J, Ahn B-Y (2014) Statistical Optimization of Ultraviolet Irradiate Conditions for Vitamin D2 Synthesis in Oyster Mushrooms(Pleurotus ostreatus) Using Response Surface Methodology. PLoS ONE 9(4): e95359. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0095359
http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0095359
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Wood Ear
Auricularia auricula
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Cordyceps
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The picture can't be displayed.
Copyright – Tradd Cotter
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Biochemical Characteristics of Cordyceps
Origin of Cyclosporin –Immune suppressant used to prevent human organ
transplant rejection
Cordycepssubsessilis
Images: botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/jun2006.html
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Cordyceps militarisAttacks Lepidoptera and other Insect Pupae
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Common Cordyceps of the Carolinas
Cordyceps militarisAttacks Lepidoptera and other Insect Pupae
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Cordyceps ophioglossoides• Attacks Elaphomyces (false truffles)
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CordycepsElaphocordyceps ophioglossoides
Lion’s Mane or Pom Pom
Hericium erinaceus
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Maitake
Grifola frondosa
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TURKEY TAILTrametes versicolor
Almond Portabella
Agaricus blazei / Agaricusbrasiliensis
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Enoki or Velvet Foot
Flammulina velutipes
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AGARIKONLaricifomes officinale
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Lentinus strigosus
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Psilocybe cubensis
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The “Magic”
Mushrooms
silocybin
silocin
aeocystin
Gymnopilus spectabilis
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ColorsRed – Heart
Purple – JointsGreen – Liver
White – Lungs / SkinYellow – Spleen
Black – Kidneys / Brain
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CHAGA
Inonotus obliquus
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KING TUBERPleurotus tuber-reggium
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Pancreatic Cancer
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BIRD’SNEST
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Extracts and Preservation
LIVEDosage: 1 grams/kg body weight
Alcohol (ethanol) 90% - 2 weeks of living tissue blendedDilute to 20-23% alcohol for long term storage to avoid denaturing.
Store cold
DRIEDDosage: 2-5 grams/kg body weight
Store whole and powder just before use to limit oxidation.Encapsulate for ease consuming directly.
Boil Powder in water/alcohol bath until alcohol evaporates.Squeeze extract through filter. Repeat with fresh hot water. (sparging)
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MYCOINFUSION
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SCREENING FUNGI
BIOLOGICAL
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9-22-11
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MYCOTEXTILES – PRODUCT INFUSION
WHAT WE HAVE ACCOMPLISHED
Isolation of Pure Culture
Beta
Testing
Discovery Prototype Construction
Antimicrobial Testing
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Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)
Chicken of the WoodsLaetiporus sulphureus
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Average Time from Pre-discovery to FDA approved Drug12.75 Years
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WATER RESERVOIR
PATHOGEN RESERVOIR
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METABOLITE RESERVOIR
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SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTINGMINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION (MIC)
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