southern methodist university fall 2003 eets 8391/ntu cc725-n wireless networks

#1EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 ENGINEERINGSMU

Southern Methodist University Fall 2003

EETS 8391/NTU CC725-NWireless Networks

Lecture 1: Course Overview

Instructor: Jila Serajemail: jseraj@engr.smu.edu

http://www.engr.smu.edu/~jseraj/tel: 214-505-6303

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Instructor Profile

Senior Staff Engineer with Ericsson Inc.—Network performance management

—Wireless mobility management

MS EE Lund Technical University in Sweden—Major in telecommunications

20+ years experience in telecommunications

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Course Objectives

At the successful conclusion of this course the students should have

Be familiar with elements of a wireless network

Be able to explain the function of each element in the network

Have a high lever knowledge of the protocols that govern inter-working between these elements

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Course Objective, Cont.

Have a good knowledge of the different wireless network technologies

Have a good understanding of the capabilities and limitations of them

Have a clear understanding of network performance metrics and their use

Have a good understanding on how the performance can be measured

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Course Objective, Cont.

Have a high level knowledge of network performance verification and optimization

Above all enjoy learning something new

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Course Overview

First generation cellular—AMPS, signaling, digital AMPS

Second generation voice—Speech coding, TDMA (IS-136), CDMA (IS-95),

GSM

Third Generation of wireless system—UMTS

—WCDMA

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Course overview (cont)

Mobile data systems—GPRS (general packet radio system),

—mobile IP (Internet protocol)

—CDPD, Architecture, MAC

Wireless LANs (local area networks)—CSMA/CD, IEEE 802.11, residential networks, ad

hoc networks

Network performance evaluation

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Course Topics (cont)

Not covered:—RF propagation, antennas, modulation/detection

—Communication/information theory

—Cordless phones

—Fixed wireless (radio or optical) systems

Prerequisites:—None

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Course Topics (cont)

GradingTerm Paper 10%2 exams 40% eachHome works 3 homework, each 5%

Term paper is expected by end of November.Homework is expected 2 weeks after it is posted on the web for classroom students. Distance students are given an extra week.

Answer to homework is posted on the web after 3 weeks.

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Course Material

No books are required

Class notes will be posted on the at:

http://www.engr.smu.edu/~jseraj/

Homework will be posted on the web

Term papers will be posted too

Suggestion for term paper could be found there too

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References

Recommended Books—Wireless Personal Communications Systems, David

J. Goodman, Addison-Wesley Communications Series

—T. Rappaport, Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, Prentice Hall, 1996

• easy introduction to cellular networks; moderate engineering level

—B. Walke, Mobile Radio Networks: Networking and Protocols, Wiley, 1999

• comprehensive; heavy on GSM; European perspective

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References (cont)

—K. Pahlavan, A. Levesque, Wireless Information Networks, Wiley, 1995

• good as textbook or reference; heavy on RF instead of networks

—V. Garg, J. Wilkes, Wireless and Personal Communications Systems, Prentice Hall, 1996

• similar to Rappaport; engineering level is easier

—U. Black, Second Generation Mobile and Wireless Networks, Prentice Hall, 1999

• easy introduction to cellular for general audience

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References (cont)

—J. Gibson, ed., The Mobile Communications Handbook, 2nd ed., CRC Press, 1999.

• handbook (not textbook) on various topics by leading experts

Specialized books—B. Bing, High-Speed Wireless ATM and LANs,

Artech House, 2000

—C. Perkins, Mobile IP: Design Principles and Practices, Addison-Wesley, 1998

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How To Get The Most Out Of This Course?

Follow the class

Do the homework, it helps you to come up with questions

Choose a topic you are interested for your term paper. Start working on it as soon as you have made up your mind

Ask questions

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Term Paper Ideas

Two types of term paper—Comparative study

—In depth research in one specific area

Subject Area—Wireless IP network

—Wireless Security

—Performance evaluation

—Wireless LAN

—Business case

—Mobility Management

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Your First Assignment

Send me an email containing the following information:—Your name, phone number, the preferred method of

communication

—Tell me why you are taking this course

—Tell me if you are interested in a special topic. I will try to accommodate it

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Office Hours

After the class as needed

Email, jseraj@engr.smu.edu

SMU distance learning mail and fax

Please use SMU address and email

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Miscellaneous Information

Contact List—SMU EE Department Administrator

Susan Bailey (214) 768-3109

—SMU Distance Learning Coordinator

Gary McCleskey (214)768-3108

Southern Methodist University Distance Education

Attn: Gary McCleskey

P.O. Box 750338

Dallas, TX 75275-0338

Fax Number (214)768-8621 or (214)768-3573

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Miscellaneous Information

Class Times and Dates—Thursdays 6:30-9:20 pm—Last class on November 20—Final Exam December 11

Distance Students—Return assignments should be returned to Gary

McCleskey either by mail, fax or email—Please send only one copy—Deadlines are fixed— Videotape help: vthelp@seas.smu.edu— NTU administration: www.ntu.edu

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Outline

Motivation

Historical background

Some Terminology

Classification of wireless networks

Standards

Review of radio communications

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Why wireless networks?

No cost for installing wires or rewiring—Communications can reach where wiring is

infeasible or costly, eg, rural areas, old buildings, battlefield, vehicles, outer space

—“Automagical” instantaneous communications without physical connection setup, eg, Bluetooth

—Communication satellites, global coverage, eg, Iridium

Roaming allows flexibility to stay connected anywhere and any time

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Why wireless networks? (cont)

Rapidly growing market attests to public need for mobility and uninterrupted access

Consumers are used to the flexibility and will demand instantaneous, uninterrupted, fast access regardless of the application.

Consumers and businesses are willing to pay for it

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Why wireless networks? (cont)

Increasing dependence on telecommunication services for business and personal reasons

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Challenges

Network support for user mobility (location identification, handover,...)

Efficient use of finite radio spectrum (cellular frequency reuse, medium access control protocols,...)

Integrated services (voice, data, multimedia) over a single network (service differentiation, priorities, resource sharing,...)

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Challenges (cont)

Maintaining quality of service over unreliable links

Connectivity and coverage (internetworking)

Security (privacy, authentication,...)

Cost efficiency

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10 minutes break

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Historical Background

1946: AT&T introduced first mobile telephone service using line of sight analog FM radio transmission, 120 kHz per voice channel, limited to 50 miles from base, operator-assisted dialing

Mid-1960s: AT&T’s IMTS (Improved Mobile Telephone Service) uses 30 kHz voice channels, narrowband FM and direct dialing

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Historical Background (cont)

First generation analog cellular telephony—late 1940s: AT&T develops cellular concept for

frequency reuse

—1971: AT&T proposes High Capacity Mobile Phone Service to FCC

—1979: US standardizes it as AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System)in 800-900 MHz range

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Historical Background (cont)

First generation analog cellular telephony—1983: AT&T launches AMPS in Chicago 1985:

Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT 450) in Scandanavia, Total Access Communications System (TACS) in UK, C450 in W. Germany

—Total six incompatible analog cellular systems in Europe

—Motivated Europe to accelerate 2nd generation digital cellular

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Historical Background (cont)

Second generation digital cellular—1989: Europe standardizes Global System for

Mobile Communications (GSM)• 1992: GSM is launched

—1990: Japan standardizes Japanese Digital Cellular (JDC) now called Personal Digital Cellular (PDC)

—1990: Europe standardizes Digital Cellular System at 1800 MHz (DCS 1800, recently renamed GSM 1800)

—1993: DCS 1800 launched

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History (cont)

—1992: TIA/IS-54 TDMA (Digital AMPS) is deployed in US

—1996: TIA/IS-95 CDMA in US

—1995: Personal Handphone System (PHS) in Japan, first widespread low-tier PCS, is hugely successful

1996: AT&T and Sprint offer PCS in major US cities—Smaller cell sites (0.25 km vs traditional 1-8 km),

smaller/lighter portable handsets, cheaper access points

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History (cont)

1998: ITU begins to study proposals for 3rd generation cellular

mid-2000s: UMTS, IMT-2000, W-CDMA, cdma2000, EDGE,...

2010-?: 4th generation?—Self organizing, ad hoc?

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Some Terminology

Wireless vs mobile—Wireless systems can be fixed (LMDS, microwave,

optical) or mobile

Cellular—Geography is divided into adjacent cells

—Radio frequencies can be re-used in non-adjacent cells

—Commonly in 800-900 MHz band

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Terminology (cont)

Base station—Fixed transceiver that sends and receives signals

from the mobile device

—Connects to the wireline network

PCS —Originally, microcellular “anywhere any time”

service with unique lifetime number, portable lightweight handsets

—Now similar to digital cellular, in 1900 MHz range

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Terminology (cont)

Low-tier cellular (PCS)—Between cellular and cordless

—Very small cells, limited mobility, usually campus range

High tier cellular—Large cells

Protocols—Rules for exchanging data between different entities

Protocol layers

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Terminology (cont)

Protocols, cont—Concept of dividing (usually complex) protocols into

separate functions

—Higher protocol layers build on the functions (“services”) of lower layers

—Each protocol layer can be designed and analyzed separately, if “services” provided to higher protocol layers is unchanged

—Each protocol layer uses separate overhead information (eg, header fields)

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Terminology (cont)

Protocols, cont—Protocol “entities” in each layer communicate with

their “peer entities” in the same layer

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Terminology (cont)

OSI protocol reference model

physical

data link

network

transport

session

presentation

application

Host A

physical

data link

network

transport

session

presentation

application

Host B

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Terminology (cont)

Application Layer: User program that generates data

Presentation Layer: changes syntax (data format) if necessary

Session Layer: synchronizes sessions (dialogues)

Transport Layer: end-to-end connection management, error recovery

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Terminology (cont)

Network Layer: routes data through network

Link Layer: framing, error recovery on links, including MAC

Physical Layer: point-to-point medium-dependent transmission

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Terminology (cont)

TCP/IP protocol reference model

network access

internet

transport

application

Host A

network access

internet

transport

application

Host B

Application Layer: user program that generates data

Transport Layer: end-to-end connection management, error recovery

Internet Layer: route IP packets between different networks

Network Access Layer: any network and physical layer protocols

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Classification of Wireless Networks

Mobility: fixed wireless or mobile

Analog or digital

Ad hoc (decentralized) or centralized (fixed base stations)

Services: voice (isochronous) or data (asynchronous)

Ownership: public or private

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Classification of Wireless Networks

Area: wide (WAN), metropolitan (MAN), local (LAN), or personal (PAN) area networks

Switched (circuit- or packet-switched) or broadcast

Low bit-rate (voicegrade) or high bit-rate (video, multimedia)

Terrestrial or satellite

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Standard Bodies

International Telecommun. Union (ITU)—An agency of United Nations for

communications standards and treaty-based spectrum management

—Up to 1993, composed of 4 groups

• CCITT (Consultative Committee on International Telegraph and Telephone): recommendations for wired networks

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Standard Bodies

• CCIR (Consultative Committee on International Radio): study groups for radio spectrum usage and interworking of wireless systems

• International Frequency Registration Board (IFRB): allocated international frequencies and organized 1987 and 1992 World Administrative Radio Conferences (WARCs) settling international questions about spectrum for PCS and satellite services

• General Secretariat

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International Standards (cont)

—1985 Study Group 8 started work on future public land mobile telecommunications systems (FPLMTS): 3rd generation wireless or PCS

—1993 Reorganized into 3 sectors

• Radio Communications Sector ITU-R (formerly CCIR and IFRB): world conferences, radio regulations

• Telecommun. Standardization Sector ITU-T (formerly CCITT): all wireline and wireless standards

• Telecommun. Development Sector (new): promote development of telecommun. in developing countries

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Standards (cont)

Conf. of European Posts and Telecommun. Administrations (CEPT)—Post/telecom administrations of most European

nations

—Traditionally coordinated European support of ITU

—Supplanted by ETSI

European Telecommun. Standards Institute (ETSI)—Established by the European Community for pan-

European systems

—Covers GSM, HIPERLAN (wireless LAN)

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10 minutes break

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US Standards

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)—Project 802 studies LANs

—802.11 wireless LAN standard

FCC (Federal Communications Commission) regulates licenses for US radio spectrum

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US Standards

1979 Single nationwide standard allowed roaming in first generation cellular systems (AMPS)

slowed push for second generation digital

1981 Decision to license two (20 MHz) wireless providers per market: (1) local telephone company (2) non-wireline company

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US Standards (cont)

Letting market decide among various 2nd generation technologies, constrained to share frequency bands with 1st generation

1994 Auction of PCS spectrum in 1900 MHz range

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)— T1 committee for US standards supporting ITU

T1A1 Performance and signal processing

T1E1 Network interfaces

T1M1 Interwork operations, administration, maintenance

T1P1 Systems engineering, standards planning

T1S1 Services, architecture, signaling

T1X1 Digital hierarchy, synchronization

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US Standards (cont)

—T1E1 and T1P1 subcommittees are working on PCS

Electronic Industries Association (EIA)—Telecommun. Industry Assoc. (TIA) is a branch

representing equipment vendors to develop cellular standards

—1988 TR45 Committee on Digital Cellular Standards began 2nd generation cellular standards

—1992 EIA/TIA Interim Standard 54 (IS-54) defined air interface based on TDMA (dual mode with AMPS)

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US Standards (cont)

—1993 TR45.5 subcommittee publishes EIA/TIA IS-95 based on CDMA

—TR45.4 subcommittee is working on PCS

FCC is letting market decide among various technologies

• TDMA (IS-136)

• CDMA (IS-95)

• digital AMPS (IS-54-B), also TDMA

• narrowband analog AMPS (N-AMPS)

• narrowband extended TDMA (E-TDMA)

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3G International Standards

2005+ timeframe

ITU-R studies of FPLMTS (future public land mobile telecommunications system) - now called IMT-2000

ITU standards on UPT (universal personal telecommunications)

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3G International Standards (cont)

ETSI group on UMTS (universal mobile telecommunication system)

T1S1, T1E1, T1M1, T1P1 committees, TIA (Telecom Industry Assoc.), IEEE 802 committee are developing US standards for PCS

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Questions?