special senses: the eye and the ear
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Medical TerminologyMedical TerminologyA LIVING LANGUAGEA LIVING LANGUAGE
CHAPTER
Fifth EditionFifth Edition
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Special Senses:The Eye and the Ear
13
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Multimedia Directory
Slide 14Eye Anatomy AnimationSlide 60Optometrist VideoSlide 68Cataracts VideoSlide 73Macular Degeneration VideoSlide 77Conjunctivitis VideoSlide 90Snellen Chart VideoSlide 115Audiology VideoSlide 117Ear Anatomy AnimationSlide 135Inner Ear Anatomy AnimationSlide 153Otitis Media VideoSlide 159Tympanometry VideoSlide 162Audiometry Video
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
The Eye at a Glance
• Function of the Eye Contains sensory receptors for vision
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
The Eye at a Glance
• Structures of the Eye Sclera Choroid Retina Eyeball Conjunctiva Eye muscles Eyelids Lacrimal apparatus
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
The Eye Illustrated
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Eye Combining Forms
• ambly/o – dull or dim• aque/o – water• blast/o – immature, embryonic• blephar/o – eyelid• chromat/o – color• conjunctiv/o – conjunctiva• corne/o – cornea• cycl/o – ciliary muscle
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Eye Combining Forms
• dacry/o – tear; tear duct• dipl/o – double• emmetr/o – correct, proper• glauc/o – gray• ir/o – iris• irid/o – iris• kerat/o – cornea • lacrim/o – tears
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Eye Combining Forms
• macul/o – macula lutea• mi/o – lessening• mydr/i – widening• nyctal/o – night• ocul/o – eye • ophthalm/o – eye• opt/o – eye, vision• optic/o – eye, vision
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Eye Combining Forms
• papill/o – optic disk• phac/o – lens• phot/o – light• presby/o – old age• pupill/o – pupil• retin/o – retina• scler/o – sclera• stigmat/o – point
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Eye Combining Forms
• uve/o – vascular• vitre/o – glassy
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Eye Suffixes
• –ician specialist• –metrist one who measures• –opia vision condition• –opsia vision condition• –tropia turned condition
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Anatomy and Physiology
• Ophthalmology (Ophth) is study of the eye
• Eyeball Organ of sight Transmits external image using sensory impulses via optic nerve to brain
Brain translates sensory impulses into image
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Anatomy and Physiology
• External structures important for vision In addition to eyeball Eye muscles Eyelids Conjunctiva Lacrimal apparatus
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Eye Anatomy Animation
Click on the screenshot to view an animation on the anatomy of the eye.
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Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
The Eyeball
• Composed of three layers: Sclera Choroid Retina
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Sclera
• Outermost layer • Tough protective layer
• Another term for sclera is white of eye
• Anterior portion is cornea
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 13.1The internal structures of the eye.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Cornea
• Anterior portion of sclera
• Clear, transparent
• Allows light to enter
• Bends, or refracts, light rays
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 13.1The internal structures of the eye.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Choroid
• Middle layer • Provides blood supply for eye
• Anterior portion: Iris Pupil Ciliary body
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 13.1The internal structures of the eye.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Iris and Pupil
• Iris Colored portion of eye
Smooth muscle that changes size of pupil
• Pupil Opening in center of iris
Allows light to enter into eyeball
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Ciliary Body and Lens
• Lens Behind iris Not actually part of choroid layer
Attached to ciliary body
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Ciliary Body and Lens
• Ciliary body Pulls on edge of lens
Changes shape of lens so it can focus light onto retina
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 13.1The internal structures of the eye.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Retina
• Contains sensory receptor cells that detect light rays
• Rods Active in dim light See gray tones
• Cones Active only in bright light
Color vision
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 13.1The internal structures of the eye.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Retina
• Macula lutea Area of retina where image forms
• Fovea centralis Depression in center of macula lutea
High number of cones
Point of clearest vision
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 13.1The internal structures of the eye.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Optic Disk
• Point where the optic nerve leaves eyeball
• Retinal blood vessels enter and leave through optic disk
• No rods or cones Results in blind spot in each eye’s field of vision
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 13.2Photograph of the retina of the eye. The optic disk appears yellow and the
retinal arteries radiate out from it.(Photo Researchers, Inc.)
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Eye Fluids
• Aqueous humor Watery fluid Located between cornea and lens
• Vitreous humor Semi-solid gel Located between lens and retina
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Muscles of the Eye
• Six muscles that connect eyeball to skull 4 rectus muscles pull straight 2 oblique muscles pull on an angle
• Contract in combination to change direction in which each eye is looking
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 13.3The external eye muscles.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Eyelids
• A pair cover each eyeball• Provide protection from foreign particles, injury, sun, and trauma
• Both upper and lower edges have eyelashes or cilia that protect eye from foreign particles
• Sebaceous glands located in eyelids secrete a lubricating oil onto surface of eyeball
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 13.1The internal structures of the eye.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Conjunctiva
• A mucous membrane • Forms continuous covering on underside of each eyelid and across anterior surface of each eyeball
• Protects eyeball
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 13.1The internal structures of the eye.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Lacrimal Apparatus
• Lacrimal gland Located under outer upper corner of each eyelid
Produces tears Tears wash and lubricate anterior surface of eyeball
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Lacrimal Apparatus
• Lacrimal ducts Located in inner corner of eye socket
Collect tears Drain into nasolacrimal duct Ultimately drain into nasal cavity
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 13.5The structure of the lacrimal apparatus.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
How We See
• Light rays pass through: Cornea Pupil Aqueous humor Lens Vitreous humor
• Then strike retina Stimulating rods and cones
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 13.6The path of light through the cornea, pupil, lens, and striking the retina.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
How We See
• Upside-down image forms on retina
• Optic nerve transmits this image to brain
• Brain turns upside-down image into right-side up image
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 13.7The image formed on the retina is inverted. The brain rights the image as
part of the interpretation process.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Vision
• Vision requires four mechanisms: Coordination of external eye muscles so that both eyes move together
Correct amount of light admitted by pupil
Correct focus of light upon retina by lens
Optic nerve transmitting sensory images to brain
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Additional Combining Forms
• aden/o – gland• angi/o – vessel• bi/o – life• cry/o – cold• cyst/o – sac• esthes/o – sensation, feeling• myc/o – fungus• ton/o – tone• xer/o – dry
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Additional Suffixes
• -al pertaining to• -algia pain• -ar pertaining to• -ary pertaining to• -atic pertaining to• -ectomy surgical removal• -edema swelling• -graphy process of recording
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Additional Suffixes
• -ia condition• -ic pertaining to• -ism state of• -itis inflammation• -logist one who studies• -logy study of• -malacia softening• -meter instrument to measure
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Additional Suffixes
• -metry process of measuring• -oma tumor• -osis abnormal condition• -otomy cutting into• -ous pertaining to• -pathy disease• -pexy surgical fixation• -phobia fear
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Additional Suffixes
• -plasty surgical repair• -plegia paralysis• -ptosis drooping• -rrhagia abnormal flow condition
• -scope instrument for viewing• -scopy process of visually
examining• -tic pertaining to
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Additional Prefixes
• a- without• an- without• anti- against• de- without• eso- inward• exo- outward• extra- outside of• hemi- half
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Additional Prefixes
• hyper- excessive• intra- within• micro- small• mono- one• myo- to shut
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Anatomical Terms
aqueous pertaining to water
conjunctival pertaining to the conjuctiva
corneal pertaining to the cornea
extraocular pertaining to outside the eyeball
intraocular pertaining to inside the eyeball
iridal pertaining to the iris
lacrimal pertaining to tears
macular pertaining to the macula lutea
ocular pertaining to the eye
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Anatomical Terms
ophthalmic pertaining to the eye
optic pertaining to the eye or vision
optical pertaining to the eye or vision
pupillary pertaining to the pupil
retinal pertaining to the retina
scleral pertaining to the sclera
uveal pertaining to choroid layer
vitreous pertaining to the vitreous humor
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Building Anatomical Terms
• Ophthalmic
Pertaining to the eye• Lacrimal
Pertaining to tears
ophthalm/o+ -ic
lacrim/o+ -al
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Building Anatomical Terms
• Retinal
Pertaining to the retina• Intraocular
Pertaining to within the eye
retin/o+ -al
intra- + -ar+ ocul/o
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Medical Specialties
ophthalmology
Branch of medicine involving the diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the eye and surrounding structures.
optometry
Medical profession specializing in examining the eyes, testing visual acuity, and prescribing corrective lenses.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Medical Specialties
ophthalmologist
Medical doctor who has specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of eye conditions and diseases.
optometrist Doctor of optometry
opticianperson trained in grinding and fitting corrective lenses
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Optometrist Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the duties of an optometrist.
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Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Signs and Symptoms
blepharoptosis drooping eyelid
cycloplegia paralysis of ciliary body
diplopia double vision
emmetropia state of normal vision
iridoplegia paralysis of the iris
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Signs and Symptoms
nyctalopiadifficulty seeing in dim light; also called night blindness
ophthalmalgia eye pain
ophthalmoplegiaparalysis of one or more of the extraocular eye muscles
ophthalmorrhagia
bleeding from the eye
papilledemaswelling of the optic disk; also called choked disk
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Signs and Symptoms
photophobiastrong sensitivity to bright light
presbyopia visual loss due to old age
scleromalacia softening of the sclera
xerophthalmia dry eyes
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Building Signs & Symptoms Terms
• Blepharoptosis
Drooping eyelid• Diplopia
Double vision
blephar/o+ -ptosis
dipl/o+ -opia
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Building Signs & Symptoms Terms
• Papilledema
Swelling of optic disc• Scleromalacia
Softening of the sclera
papill/o+ -edema
scler/o+ -malacia
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Eyeball Pathology
achromatopsia
unable to perceive one or more colors; color blindness
amblyopialoss of vision not as a result of eye pathology; commonly called lazy eye
astigmatismblurred vision due to uneven cornea; light rays do not focus sharply on retina
cataractdamage to lens causing it to become cloudy
corneal abrasion
scraping injury to cornea
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 13.8Photograph of a person with a cataract in the right eye.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Cataracts Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of cataracts.
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Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Eyeball Pathology
glaucomachronic increase in intraocular pressure; results in atrophy of optic nerve
hyperopia
image comes into focus behind retina; can see clearly at a distance but not up close; also called far sightedness
iritis inflammation of the iris
keratitis inflammation of the cornes
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 13.9Hyperopia (farsightedness). In the uncorrected top figure, the image would come into focus behind the retina, making the image on the retina blurry.
The bottom image shows how a biconvex lens corrects this condition.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Eyeball Pathology
legally blindseverely impaired vision; having 20/200 acuity
macular degeneration
deterioration of macula lutea area of retina
monochromatismunable to perceive one specific color
myopia
image comes into focus in front of retina; can see clearly up close but not at a distance; also called nearsightedness
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 13.10Myopia (nearsightedness). In the uncorrected top figure, the image comes
into focus in front of the lens, making the image on the retina blurry. The bottom image shows how a biconcave lens corrects this condition.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Macular Degeneration Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of macular degeneration.
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Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Eyeball Pathology
oculomycosis fungus infection of the eye
retinal detachment
separation of retina from choroid layer; damages blood vessels and nerves causing blindness
retinitis pigmentosa
progressive disease in which retina becomes hard and pigmented, then atrophies
retinoblastoma
malignant eye tumor occurring in young children
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Eyeball Pathology
retinopathygeneral term for disease affecting the retina
scleritis inflammation of the sclera
uveitis inflammation of the choroid layer
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Conjunctiva Pathology
conjunctivitis
inflammation of the conjunctiva, usually from bacterial infection; also called pink eye
pterygiumhypertrophied conjunctival tissue in inner corner of eye
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Conjunctivitis Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of conjunctivitis.
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Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Eyelid Pathology
blepharitis inflammation of the eyelid
hordeolumpurulent infection of sebaceous gland of eyelid; also called a stye (or sty)
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Lacrimal Apparatus Pathology
dacryoadenitis
inflammation of the lacrimal gland
dacryocystitis
inflammation of the lacrimal sac
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Eye Muscle Pathology
strabismuseye muscle weakness resulting in eyes looking in different directions at same time
esotropia (ST)
type of strabismus with inward turning of eye; also called cross-eyed
exotropia (XT)
type of strabismus with outward turning of eye; also called wall-eyed
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 13.4Examples of common forms of strabismus: (A) esotropia with the right eye turning inward and (B) exotropia with the right eye turning outward.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Brain-related Vision Pathology
hemianopialoss of vision in half of visual field; often result of a stroke
nystagmusjerky involuntary eye movements; indicator of brain injury
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Building Pathology Terms
• Oculomycosis
Abnormal condition of eye fungus• Retinopathy
Disease of the retina
ocul/o + -osis+ myc/o
retin/o+ -pathy
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Building Pathology Terms
• Dacryoadenitis
Inflammation of lacrimal gland• Esotropia
Condition of being turned inward
dacry/o + -itis+ aden/o
eso-+ -tropia
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Eye Examination Tests
color vision tests
use of multicolored charts to determine ability to recognize colors
fluorescein angiography
injection of fluorescein dye into bloodstream to observe blood flow within eye
fluorescein staining
applying fluorescein eye drops to cornea to look for corneal abrasions
keratometerinstrument to measure curvature of cornea
keratometry measures curvature of cornea
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 13.11An example of color blindness test. A person with red-green color blindness
would not be able to distinguish the green 27 from the surrounding red circles.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Eye Examination Tests
ophthalmoscope
instrument to view inside the eye
ophthalmoscopy
examination of interior of eye
optometerinstrument to measure eye ability to focus images onto the retina
refractive error test
vision test for defect in ability of eye to focus image on retina; tests for hyperopia and myopia
slit lamp microscopy
examining posterior surface of cornea
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 13.12Examinationof the interior of the eye using anophthalmoscope.
(Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock)
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Eye Examination Tests
Snellen chart used for testing distance vision
tonometry measures intraocular pressure
visual acuity (VA)
measures sharpness of vision
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Snellen Chart Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on using a Snellen chart.
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Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Building Diagnostic Terms
• Angiography
Process of recording (blood) vessels
• Keratometer
Instrument to measure cornea
angi/o + -graphy
kerat/o + -meter
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Building Diagnostic Terms
• Ophthalmoscopy
Process of visually examining eye• Tonometry
Process of measuring tone (pressure inside eyeball)
ophthalm/o + -scopy
ton/o + -metry
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Surgical Treatments
blepharectomy surgical removal of eyelid
blepharoplasty surgical repair of eyelid
conjunctivoplastysurgical repair of conjunctiva
cryoextractionuse of extremely cold probe to lift cataract from lens
cryoretinopexy fixation of retina using cold
enucleation surgical removal of eyeball
iridectomy surgical removal of the iris
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Surgical Treatments
iridosclerotomy cutting into iris and sclera
keratoplastysurgical repair of cornea with a cornea transplant
laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK)
correction of myopia using laser surgery to remove corneal tissue
laser photocoagulation
use of laser to destroy very small precise areas of retina
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 13.13LASIK surgery uses a laser to reshape the cornea.
(mehmetcan/Shutterstock)
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Surgical Treatments
phacoemulsification
use of high-frequency sound waves to liquefy lens with a cataract which is then removed with a needle
photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)
use of laser to reshape cornea; treats myopia
prosthetic lens implant
using an artificial lens to replace lens removed during cataract surgery
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Surgical Treatments
radial keratotomy (RK)
spoke-like incision around cornea to flatten it; treats myopia
retinopexy surgical fixation of retina
scleral bucklingplacing band around outside of sclera to stabilize detached retina
sclerotomy cutting into the sclera
strabotomyincision into eye muscles to correct strabismus
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Building Therapeutic Terms
• Ketatoplasty
Surgical repair of cornea• Iridectomy
Surgical removal of iris
kerat/o+ -plasty
irid/o + -ectomy
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Building Therapeutic Terms
• Retinopexy
Pertaining to the cerebrum and spine
• Sclerotomy
Cutting into the sclera
retin/o+ -pexy
scler/o + -otomy
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Eye Pharmacology
anesthetic ophthalmic solution
eyedrops to deaden pain
Ocu-Caine, Pontocaine
antibiotic ophthalmic solution
eyedrops to treat bacterial infection
Del-Mycin, Ilotycin
ophthalmic decongestant
constricts arterioles of eye to reduce redness and itching
Visine, Murine
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Eye Pharmacology
antiglaucoma medication
reduces intraocular pressure
Betimol, Timoptic
artificial tears
treats dry eyesAkwa Tears, Refresh Plus
miotic constricts pupilEserine Sulfate, Miostat
mydriatic dilates pupilAtropine-Care, Atropisol Ophtalmic
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Eye Abbreviations
ARMD age-related macular degeneration
Astigm astigmatism
c. gl. correction with glasses
D diopters (lens strength)
DVA distance visual acuity
ECCE extracapsular cataract extraction
EENT eye, ear, nose, throat
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Eye Abbreviations
EM emmetropia
EOM extraocular movement
ICCE intracapsular cataract extraction
IOP intraocular pressure
LASIK laser assisted in-situ keratomileusis
OD right eye
Ophth. ophthalmology
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Eye Abbreviations
OS left eye
OU each eye/both eyes
PERRLApupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation
PRK photorefractive keratectomy
REM rapid eye movement
s. gl. without correction or glasses
SMD senile macular degeneration
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Eye Abbreviations
ST esotropia
VA visual acuity
VF visual field
XT exotropia
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Combining Forms Match Up
1. ambly/o2. blephar/o3. chromat/o4. dipl/o5. lacrim/o
a. tearsb. colorc. eyelidd. doublee. dull
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
The Ear at a Glance
• Function of the Ear Contains sensory receptors for hearing and equilibrium (balance)
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
The Ear at a Glance
• Structures of the Ear Auricle External ear Middle ear Inner ear
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
The Ear Illustrated
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Ear Combining Forms
• acous/o – hearing• audi/o – hearing• audit/o – hearing• aur/o – ear• auricul/o – ear• cerumin/o – cerumen• cochle/o – cochlea• labyrinth/o – labyrinth (inner ear)
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Ear Combining Forms
• myring/o – tympanic membrane(eardrum)
• ot/o – ear• salping/o – auditory tube, eustachian tube
• staped/o – stapes• tympan/o – eardrum
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Ear Suffixes
• –cusis hearing• –otia ear condition
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Anatomy and Physiology
• Otology (Oto) is study of the ear• Audiology is study of hearing disorders
• Ear responsible for two senses: Hearing Equilibrium or sense of balance
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Anatomy and Physiology
• Sensory information carried to brain by vestibulocochlear nerve Cochlear nerve – hearing information
Vestibular nerve – balance information
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Audiology Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of audiology.
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Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
The Ear
• Ear is subdivided into three regions: External ear Middle ear Inner ear
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Ear Anatomy Animation
Click on the screenshot to view an animation on the anatomy of the ear.
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Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
External Ear
• Auricle or pinna Only portion visible
Captures sound waves
Directs them through external auditory meatus
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
External Ear
• Auditory canal Sound moves along canal
• Cerumen Produced by oil glands in auditory canal
Oily wax slowly flows out of ear canal removing dirt that has stuck to it
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
External Ear
• Tympanic membrane Commonly called eardrum
Sound waves strike membrane
Causes it to vibrate
Tympanic membrane separates external ear from middle ear
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 13.14The internal structures of the outer, middle, and inner ear.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
The Middle Ear
• Small cavity• Located in temporal bone of skull
• Contains three tiny bones called ossicles Malleus Incus Stapes
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 13.14The internal structures of the outer, middle, and inner ear.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Ossicles
• Tympanic membrane vibrates incus
• Vibrations amplify as they move from one ossicle to next
• Stapes transmits vibration to oval window Start of inner ear
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 13.15 Closeup view of the ossicles within the middle ear.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Eustachian Tube
• Also called auditory tube • Connects nasopharynx with middle ear
• Opens with each swallow • Equalizes pressure between middle ear cavity and atmospheric pressure
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 13.14The internal structures of the outer, middle, and inner ear.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
The Inner Ear
• Labyrinth Cavity within temporal bone
Houses inner ear
• Contains sensory organs
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Sensory Organs of Inner Ear
• Hearing Cochlea Organs of Corti
• Equilibrium Semicircular canals
Utricle Saccule
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 13.14The internal structures of the outer, middle, and inner ear.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
How We Hear
• Sound waves travel down external auditory canal, strike eardrum
• Eardrum vibrates
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
How We Hear
• Ossicles conduct vibrations across middle ear from eardrum to oval window
• Oval window movements initiate vibrations in fluid that fills cochlea
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
How We Hear
• Fluid vibrations strike hair cells, bending small hairs and stimulating nerve endings
• Nerve ending sends electrical impulse to brain on cochlear portion of vestibulocochlear nerve
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 13.16The path of sound waves through the outer, middle, and inner ear.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Inner Ear Anatomy Animation
Click on the screenshot to view an animation on inner ear anatomy.
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Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Hearing Loss
Conductive hearing loss
• Disease or malformation of outer or middle ear
• All sound is weaker and muffled since it is not conducted correctly to inner ear
Sensorineural hearing loss
• Damage or malformation of inner ear (cochlea) or the cochlear nerve
• Sounds are distorted because nerve impulse is incorrect
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Additional Combining Forms
• bi/o – life• laryng/o – larynx• myc/o – fungus• neur/o – nerve• presby/o – old age• py/o – pus• rhin/o – nose
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Additional Suffixes
• -al pertaining to• -algia pain• -ar pertaining to• -ectomy pertaining to• -emesis vomiting• -gram record• -ic pertaining to• -itis inflammation
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Additional Suffixes
• -logy study of• -meter instrument to measure• -metry process of measuring• -oma mass, tumor• -ory pertaining to• -osis abnormal condition• -otomy cutting into• -plasty surgical repair
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Additional Suffixes
• -rrhagia abnormal flow• -rrhea discharge• -rrhexis rupture• -sclerosis hardening• -scope instrument to visually examine
• -scopy process of visually examining
• -tic pertaining to
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Additional Prefixes
• an- without• anti- against• bi- two• macro- large• micro- small• mono- one
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Word Building with tympan/o
acoustic pertaining to hearing
auditory pertaining to hearing
aural pertaining to the ear
auricular
pertaining to the ear
binaural pertaining to both ears
cochlear pertaining to the cochlea
monaural pertaining to one ear
otic pertaining to the ear
tympanic pertaining to the tympanic membrane
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Building Anatomical Terms
• Cochlear
Pertaining to the cochela• Auditory
Pertaining to hearing
cochle/o+ -ar
audit/o+ -ory
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Building Anatomical Terms
• Monoaural
Pertaining to one ear• Tympanic
Pertaining to the tympanic membrane
mono- + -al+ aur/o
tympan/o + -ic
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Medical Specialties
audiology
Medical specialty involved with measuring hearing function and identifying hearing loss. Specialist is an audiologist.
otorhinolaryngology(ENT)
Branch of medicine involving the diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the ear, nose, and throat. Also referred to as ENT. Physician is an otorhinolaryngologist.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Signs and Symptoms
macrotia having abnormally large ears
microtia having abnormally small ears
otalgia ear pain
otopyorrhea discharge of pus from the ear
otorrhagia bleeding from the ear
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Signs and Symptoms
presbycusis normal loss of hearing with age
residual hearing
amount of hearing remaining after damage has occurred
tinnitus ringing in ears
tympanorrhexis
rupture of tympanic membrane
vertigo dizziness
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Building Signs & Symptoms Terms
• Otalgia
Ear pain• Otopyorrhea
Discharge of pus from the ear
ot/o+ -algia
ot/o + -rrhea+ py/o
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Building Signs & Symptoms Terms
• Presbycusis
Old age hearing• Tympanorrhexis
Ruptured tympanic membrane
presby/o+ -cusis
tympan/o + -rrhexis
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Hearing Loss Pathology
anacusistotal absence of hearing; total deafness
deafnessinability to hear or having some degree of hearing impairment
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
External Ear Pathology
ceruminomaexcessive accumulation of earwax forming hard wax plug
otitis externa (OE)
external ear infection; often by fungus; also called otomycosis or swimmer’s ear
otomycosis fungal infection of auditory canal
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Middle Ear Pathology
myringitis inflammation of tympanic membrane
otitis media (OM)
infection of middle ear; most commonly seen in children; watery fluid (serous otitis media) or pus (purulent otitis media) accumulates in middle ear cavity
otosclerosis
loss of mobility of stapes bone; leads to hearing loss as it cannot vibrate
salpingitis inflammation of auditory canal
tympanitis inflammation of tympanic membrane
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Otitis Media Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of otitis media.
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Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Inner Ear Pathology
acoustic neuroma
benign tumor of cochlear nerve; symptoms include tinnitus, headache, dizziness, and hearing loss
labyrinthitis
inner ear infection; causes hearing and equilibrium symptoms
Ménière’s disease
progressive hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus; causes not well understood
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Building Pathology Terms
• Ceruminoma
Mass of cerumen (ear wax)• Otomycosis
Abnormal condition of ear fungus
cerumin/o + -oma
ot/o + -osis+ myc/o
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Building Pathology Terms
• Otosclerosis
Hardening of the ear (ossicles)• Neuroma
Nerve tumor
ot/o+ -sclerosis
neur/o + -oma
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Audiology Tests
audiogram hardcopy record of hearing
audiometer instrument to measure hearing
audiometrytest of hearing ability in regards to both intensity and pitch person is able to hear
decibel (dB) measures loudness of sound
hertz (Hz) measures pitch of sound
Rinne & Weber tuning fork tests
use of a tuning fork placed either next to ear or against skull to assess both nerve and bone conduction of sound
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 13.17Audiometry exam being administered to a young child who is wearing the ear
phones through which sounds are given.(Capifrutta/Shutterstock)
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Tympanometry Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on performing tympanometry.
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Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Otology Tests
otoscopeinstrument to visually examine inside ear canal
otoscopyexamination of ear canal and eardrum
tympanogramgraphic record results of tympanometry
tympanometerinstrument to measure movement of tympanic membrane
tympanometrymeasurement of movement of tympanic membrane to asses pressure inside middle ear
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 13.18An otoscope, used to visually examine the external auditory ear canal and
tympanic membrane.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Audiometry Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of audiometry.
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Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Balance Tests
falling testassesses equilibrium; balancing on one foot with eyes open and then closed
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Building Diagnostic Terms
• Audiogram
Record of hearing• Audiometer
Instrument to measure hearing• Audiometry
Process of measuring hearing
audi/o + -gram
audi/o + -meter
audi/o + -metry
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Audiology Procedures
American Sign Language
nonverbal method of communicating using hands and fingers to represent words and concepts
hearing aidmechanical device used to amplify sound
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 13.19Two women having a conversationusing American Sign Language.
(Vladimir Mucibabic/ Shutterstock)
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Surgical Treatments
cochlear implant
mechanical device surgically placed behind outer ear; converts sound into magnetic impulses to stimulate auditory nerve; treats sensorineural hearing loss
labyrinthectomy
surgical removal of labyrinth
labyrinthotomy cutting into the labyrinth
myringectomysurgical removal or tympanic membrane
myringoplastysurgical repair of tympanic membrane
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 13.20Photograph of a child with a cochlear implant. This device sends electrical
impulses directly to the brain.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Surgical Treatments
myringotomyincision into eardrum to drain fluid accumulated in middle ear cavity
otoplasty surgical repair of extgernal ear
pressure equalizing tube (PE tube)
surgical placement of tube in eardrum to allow for continuous drainage of fluid from middle ear cavity
salpingotomy cutting into the auditory tube
stapedectomy replacement of damaged stapes
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Surgical Treatments
tympanectomysurgical removal of tympanic membrane
tympanoplastysurgical repair of tympanic membrane
tympanotomycutting into the tympanic membrane
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Building Therapeutic Terms
• Myringectomy
Surgical removal of tympanic membrane• Myringoplasty
Surgical repair of tympanic membrane• Myringotomy
Cutting into the tympanic membrane
myring/o + -ectomy
myring/o+ -plasty
myring/o + -otomy
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Ear Pharmacology
antibiotic otic solution
eardrops to treat otitis externa
Neomycin, Otocort
antiemeticstreats nausea associated with vertigo
Antivert, Compazine
anti-inflammatory otic solution
reduces inflammation and itching of otitis externa
Allergan Ear Drops
wax emulsifiers
softens ear wax Debrox Drops
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Ear Abbreviations
AD right ear
AS left ear
ASL American Sign Language
AU both ears
BC bone conduction
dB decibel
EENT eye, ear, nose, throat
ENT ear, nose, throat
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Ear Abbreviations
HEENT head, eyes, ears, nose, throat
Hz hertz
OM otitis media
Oto otology
PE tube
pressure equalizing tube
PORPpartial ossicular replacement prosthesis
SOM serous otitis media
TORP total ossicular replacement prosthesis
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Combining Forms Match Up
1. acous/o2. aur/o3. cochle/o4. myring/o5. salping/o
a. hearingb. cochleac. eard. eardrume. auditory tube
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Classroom Response System
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 1
Which is NOT a layer of the eyeball?
A.Choroid B.Sclera C.LensD.Retina
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 1
Which is NOT a layer of the eyeball?
A.Choroid B.Sclera C.LensD.Retina
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 2
The sensory receptor cells, rods and cones, are found in the ________ layer of the eyeball.
A.Retina B.Sclera C.Optic diskD.Cornea
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 2
The sensory receptor cells, rods and cones, are found in the ________ layer of the eyeball.
A.Retina B.Sclera C.Optic diskD.Cornea
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 3
The _________ is a thin mucous membrane that covers the anterior surface of each eyeball.
A.Lens B.Conjunctiva C.Cornea D.Iris
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 3
The _________ is a thin mucous membrane that covers the anterior surface of each eyeball.
A.Lens B.Conjunctiva C.Cornea D.Iris
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 4
The ___________ separates the external ear from the middle ear.
A.Round window B.Stapes C.Auditory meatus D.Tympanic membrane
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 4
The ___________ separates the external ear from the middle ear.
A.Round window B.Stapes C.Auditory meatus D.Tympanic membrane
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 5
Which is NOT an ossicle?A.Stapes B.Saccule C.Incus D.Malleus
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 5
Which is NOT an ossicle?A.Stapes B.Saccule C.Incus D.Malleus
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 6
The organs of Corti are located in the ______________.
A.Utricle B.Semicircular canalsC.Saccule D.Cochlea
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 6
The organs of Corti are located in the ______________.
A.Utricle B.Semicircular canalsC.Saccule D.Cochlea
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 7
Which term means inflammation of the eyelid?
A.Keratitis B.Conjunctivitis C.Blepharitis D.Uveitis
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 7
Which term means inflammation of the eyelid?
A.Keratitis B.Conjunctivitis C.Blepharitis D.Uveitis
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 8
Which term means surgical removal of the eardrum?
A.Labyrinthectomy B.Myringectomy C.Stapedectomy D.Ceruminectomy
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 8
Which term means surgical removal of the eardrum?
A.Labyrinthectomy B.Myringectomy C.Stapedectomy D.Ceruminectomy
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 9
Which term means normal vision?A.Emmetropia B.Myopia C.Nyctalopia D.Presbyopia
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 9
Which term means normal vision?A.Emmetropia B.Myopia C.Nyctalopia D.Presbyopia
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 10
Which term means ringing in the ears?
A.Vertigo B.Presbycusis C.Monaural D.Tinnitus
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 10
Which term means ringing in the ears?
A.Vertigo B.Presbycusis C.Monaural D.Tinnitus
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 11
Which condition is commonly called lazy eye?
A.Achromatopsia B.Amblyopia C.Glaucoma D.Strabismus
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 11
Which condition is commonly called lazy eye?
A.Achromatopsia B.Amblyopia C.Glaucoma D.Strabismus
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 12
Which condition is caused by an increase in intraocular pressure?
A.Cataract B.Hordeolum C.Glaucoma D.Exotropia
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 12
Which condition is caused by an increase in intraocular pressure?
A.Cataract B.Hordeolum C.Glaucoma D.Exotropia
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 13
Which condition is also known as near sightedness?
A.Esotropia B.Hyperopia C.Hemianopia D.Myopia
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 13
Which condition is also known as near sightedness?
A.Esotropia B.Hyperopia C.Hemianopia D.Myopia
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 14
Which of the following is the term for an inner ear infection?
A.Otitis externa B.Otosclerosis C.Labyrinthitis D.Acoustic neuroma
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 14
Which of the following is the term for an inner ear infection?
A.Otitis externa B.Otosclerosis C.Labyrinthitis D.Acoustic neuroma
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 15
Fluorescein ________ uses eyedrops to identify corneal abrasions.
A.Angiography B.Tonometry C.Staining D.Keratometry
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 15
Fluorescein ________ uses eyedrops to identify corneal abrasions.
A.Angiography B.TonometryC.Staining D.Keratometry
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 16
Which of the following diagnostic tests detects pressure in the middle ear?
A.Tympanometry B.Otoscopy C.Audiometry D.Falling test
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 16
Which of the following diagnostic tests detects pressure in the middle ear?
A.Tympanometry B.Otoscopy C.Audiometry D.Falling test
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 17
Which surgical procedure is used to correct myopia?
A.Cryoextraction B.LASIKC.Phacoemulsification D.Strabotomy
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 17
Which surgical procedure is used to correct myopia?
A.Cryoextraction B.LASIKC.Phacoemulsification D.Strabotomy
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 18
________ implants convert sound into magnetic impulses to stimulate the auditory nerve.
A.Polyethylene B.Myringotomy C.Cochlear D.Stapes
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 18
________ implants convert sound into magnetic impulses to stimulate the auditory nerve.
A.Polyethylene B.Myringotomy C.Cochlear D.Stapes
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 19
A mydriatic solution causes the pupil to dilate.
A.TrueB.False
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 19
A mydriatic solution causes the pupil to dilate.
A.TrueB.False
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 20
Which abbreviation stands for an ear infection?
A.OMB.ADC.ENTD.ASL
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 20
Which abbreviation stands for an ear infection?
A.OMB.ADC.ENTD.ASL
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