special treatment for buildings

Building Construction Special Treatment for

Buildings

Prepared By: Guided By:Shuaib Kohee (151100106079) Wahedullah Ehsas (151100106080)Ehsanullah Aydin (151100106078)

Prof. Nafisha Shaikh

ContentIntroduction Fire Protection Water Resistant Construction Thermal Insulation Acoustical Construction Anti Termite Treatment

Introduction Normally the structural engineer design the

building to carry various loads acting on it safely without failure the various components of building including foundation is taken extreme care while designing in construction stages.

However for safety and comfort of the occupants, a building must be given some additional treatments, these treatments are called special treatments.

Fire Protection - General The following facts in connection with fire protection

in building should be remembered: It’s too expensive to make all the building fully

protected against fire. It doesn’t necessarily follow that a none combustible

material possesses more power to resist fire. The main purpose of making a building fire resistant

is to protect life, goods, and activities within the building

The degree of fire resistance required will largely depend on the use of building

In case of fire hazard, the danger is from fire, smoke and panic.

The means of scape from fire should be located in such away that they remain unobstructed by smoke or fumes

Causes Of Fire Smoking is unauthorized places Electrical faulty of wiring and short circuitingHeating and cooking equipmentsPlaying with matches Open flame and sparks Flammable liquids Chimneys LightingSpontaneous combustion

Effects Of Fire Carbon Monoxide(CO)Carbon Dioxide (CO2)Hydrogen Sulphide(H2S)Nitrogen Sulphide (NS)

Fire Hazard The nature of damages and dangers

caused by fire can be broadly divided into three types:

1. Personal Hazard 2. Damage Hazard 3. Exposure Hazard

Personal HazardIt is the hazard to the occupants of

the building. This danger can be taken care of by providing adequate means of escape for the occupants, so that they can reach the place of safety in the shortest possible time in the event of the fire.

Damage HazardThe hazard to the structure and its contents

and components is called damage hazard

Exposure HazardThe hazard due to the spread of fire to other

buildings is called exposure hazards.

Water Resistant Construction (Damp Proofing) Causes of dampness:1. Rising of moisture from the ground 2. Action of rain 3. Rain penetration from top of walls 4. Condensation5. Miscellaneous causes

Materials Used For Damp Proofing 1. Hot Bitumen 2. Mastic Asphalt 3. Bituminous felts 4. Metal Sheets 5. Stone6. Breaks7. Mortar8. Cement Concrete 9. Plastic Sheets

Thermal Insulation The term thermal insulation is used to

indicate the construction or provisions by way of which transmission of heat from or in the room is retarded.

Advantages Of Thermal Insolation 1.Comfort 2.Fuel Saving 3.Preventation of

condensation 4.Water system

Thermal Insulating Materials 1. Slab or block insulation 2. Blanket insulation 3. Loose fill insulation 4. Bat insulating materials 5. Insulating boards 6. Refective sheet materials 7. Light weight materials

Acoustical Construction The knowledge of acoustics is necessary for

the proper functional design:1. Theatres 2. Cinema halls 3. Auditoriums 4. Conference halls 5. Hospitals, etc

Characteristics Of Audible SoundsIntensity and loudnessFrequency and pitch Quality or tone

Requirements of a good acoustic materialIt should have high coefficient of absorption. It should be relatively cheap and available.It should give pleasing apperance.It should be efficient.It should be fire resistant.It should be self supporting.It should have sufficient structural strength.It should be heat insulating material.It should not be liable to attack by insects.It should be durable.

Anti-Termite Treatment The term termite

proofing is used to indicate the treatment which is given to a building so as to prevent the growth of termite in a building.

Anti Termite can be divided into two categories:

A)Pre construction treatment 1. Site preparation 2. Soil treatment 3. Structural barriers B)Post construction treatment

References :Building Construction (Dr. R.P. Rethaliya)www.Wikipedia.com

Thank You