spinal cord, spinal nerves, eye and ear anatomy. learning objectives identify structures of the...

SPINAL CORD, SPINAL NERVES, EYE AND EAR ANATOMY

Learning Objectives

• Identify structures of the spinal cord, both gross anatomical structures and cross sectional structures.

• Identify meninges and spaces around the spinal cord.

• Identify major peripheral nerves and nerve plexuses.

• Identify the accessory and internal structures of the eye, and explain their function.

• Describe the structures of the external and middle ear and explain how they function.

Gross anatomy of the spinal cord

Cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord

Cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord

Spinal Nerves: Roots

Figure 13.7a

The Meninges

Spinal Nerves

Figure 13.6

Nerve Plexuses

• All ventral rami except T2-T12 form interlacing nerve networks called plexuses

• Plexuses are found in the cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral regions

• Each resulting branch of a plexus contains fibers from several spinal nerves

Cervical Plexus

Figure 13.8

Brachial Plexus

Figure 13.9a

Figure 13.9c

Brachial Plexus: Distribution of Nerves

Figure 13.7b

Spinal Nerve Innervation: Back, Anterolateral Thorax, and Abdominal Wall

Lumbar Plexus

Figure 13.10

Sacral Plexus

Figure 13.11

Eternal Features and Accessory Structures of the Eye

The eye

• Conjunctiva covers most of eye

• Cornea is transparent anterior portion

• Three layers

• Outer fibrous tunic

• Sclera, cornea, limbus

• Middle vascular tunic

• Iris, ciliary body, choroid

• Inner nervous tunic

• Retina

The Sectional Anatomy of the Eye

Cow eye: External and internal anatomy

The Sectional Anatomy of the Eye

The Anatomy of the Ear

The Middle Ear

The Inner Ear

The Organ Of Corti

Histology of the cochlea