spiritual sciences of buddhism and yoga: where the paths converge i. buddhism ii. yoga iii. overlap...
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Spiritual Sciences of Buddhism and Yoga: Where the Paths Converge
I. Buddhism
II. Yoga
III. Overlap•History: In a Nutshell•Philosophy: Buddhism and Patanjali’s Classical Yoga•A Few Techniques: Buddhism and Yoga•(Pyschology of)•(In Western Psychology)
Buddhism•4 Noble Truths•Noble Eightfold Path•The Four Immeasurables (Minds, Limitless Ones): Love, Compassion, Joy, Equanimity.
Buddhism Review!
The Fourth Noble Truths The Eightfold Path
The truth of suffering (Dukkha)
The truth of the origin of suffering (Samudāya)
The truth of the cessation of suffering (Nirodha)
The truth of the path to the cessation of suffering (Magga)
Siddhartha Gautama•An aristocrat born during the Upanishadic era, into the Shakya clan of Koshala, a country situated at the southern border of Nepal•“I had been wounded by the enjoyment of the world, and I had come out longing to obtain peace.” He joins thousands of renunciates at 29 years old, in search of wisdom•Arada Kalapa of Magadha, taught a form of Upanishadic Yoga (“the sphere of no-thing-ness, “akimcanya-ayatana)•Rudraka Ramaputra of Vaishali, “the sphere of neither consciousness nor unconsciousness,” naiva-amjna-asamjna-ayatana•6 years of intense meditation with five other yoga adepts, near death, travel, bodhi tree in May, Bodhgaya
13-16th centuries: Muslim Invasions in India
Some of Buddha’s Relics at Sarnarth
Our enthusiastic tour guide!
The Indian Subcontinent
Lumbini, Bodhgaya, Sarnarth, Nalanda, Mohenjodaro, Indus Valley
What is yoga?
YOGA = ???
YOGA . . . Sanskrit for “yoke,” to join, to
connectHas had different meanings in
various erasThe psychospiritual technology of
India, aspects of which are found in Buddhism, Hinduism, Sikhism and Jainism
All branches and schools of yoga have one thing in common: “samadhi”
What are some schools of yoga?
Oldest known forms of documented yoga
Also: Japa, Laya, Kundalini, Mantra, Kriya. Some overlap in concepts due to geography/time
Hatha YogaPerfection of the body through
transmutationPreparation for Raja Yoga (the yoga of
meditation)First emerged around1100 ADHatha Yoga Pradipika (15thc CE): 15
postures, mostly seatedGheranda Samhita (17thc CE): Shat
KarmasSiva Samhita (18thc CE): 84 AsanasBasis for most of what is practiced in
popularized American yoga
How old is yoga?First possible archaeological
evidence of yoga/meditation found in the Indus Valley (3000-1900 BCE)
Seal from the Indus Valley
How old is yoga?First possible archaeological
evidence of yoga/meditation found in the Indus Valley (3000-1900 BCE)
Philosophical foundations rooted in the Vedas (“the end of knowledge,” connoting the dawn of wisdom , pre-1900 BCE)
Rigveda manuscript in Devanagari, early 19th century. Originally on birch bark or palm leaves. Largely oral until the rise of Buddhism.
“Everything has come down to us from the banks of the Ganges.“ ~ Francois Voltaire
How old is yoga?First possible archaeological
evidence of yoga/meditation found in the Indus Valley (3000-1900 BCE)
Philosophical foundations rooted in the Vedas (“the end of knowledge,” the dawn of wisdom, pre-1900 BCE)
First mention of the word “yoga” in the Taittiriya-Upanishad (2.4.1) as a controlling of the senses (1200-500 BCE)
A page from the Upanishads
How old is yoga?First possible archaeological evidence of
yoga found in the Indus Valley (3000-1900 BCE)
Philosophical foundations rooted in the Vedas (“the end of knowledge,” connoting the dawn of wisdom , 1500-1000 BCE)
First mention of the word “yoga” in the Taittiriya-Upanishad (2.4.1) as a controlling of the senses (1200-500 BCE)
Baghavad Gita defines three primary paths of yoga: Jnana, Karma, Bhakti, Raja (500-200 BCE)
Arjuna and Krishna
In the morning I bathe my intellect in the stupendous and cosmogonal philosophy of the Bhagavad-gita, in comparison with which our modern world and its literature seem puny and trivial. Henry David Thoreau
Raja YogaAlso known as Patanjali,
Ashtanga, or Classical Yoga100 – 500 CEHeavily influenced by Buddhist
teachings (Nalanda University)Dualist, as opposed to the non-
dualist views of Vedanta (3000-1200 BCE), the Upanishads 1200-500 BCE), and Tantra (500-1500 CE), etc.
Common Techniques: Mudras
Hasta Mudras, nadi/sen/meridian lines, rituals, dance, healing
Common Techniques: Mandalas & YantrasFocusing device for the meditatorA map of the cosmos and the
psycheThe construction of the mandala
is a meditative act in which the initiate identifies with the specific deity or deities of the mandala and gradually passes through the various psychic experiences and states corresponding to the different aspects of the psychocosmogram.
Tibetan Mandala
Amitayus Mandala
Yogic Yantra
Anahata Yantra
Common Techniques: MantrasMan – mindTra – instrument
Common Techniques: Meditation
ReferencesCope, Stephen: The Wisdom of YogaFeuerstein, Georg: The Yoga Tradition (Chpt. 7: Yoga In Buddhism)Joshi, Lal Mani: Discerning the Buddha: A Study of Buddhism and of the Brahmanical Hindu Attitude to ItStone, Michael: Writing on the Connections Between Yoga and BuddhismTandon, SN: A Reappraisal of Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras in the Light of Buddha’s TeachingArchaeology OnlineThe Story of India, a BBC and PBS 6-part seriesThe Teaching Company: Confucius, Buddha, Jesus, Mohammed
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