spohrer icer 20150810 v1

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Empowering Makers in the Cognitive EraJim Spohrer, IBM

Director, Global University Programs (GUP) and Cognitive Systems Institute Group (CSIG) Omaha, Nebraska, Monday August 10th, 2015

http://www.slideshare.net/spohrer/spohrer-icer-20150810-v1

© IBM 2015, IBM UPward - University Programs Worldwide accelerating regional

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Dedication: Doug EngelbartFather of the mouse and

augmentation theory

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Today’s Talk

• What should we know how to make?• What might programming education become?

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Brief History of Knowledge and Making: Personbyte and Peoplebyte

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What can one person know and make?

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The Maker Movement & Open Source Ecology

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So what does this have to do with programming and computation?

Both Turing and von Neumann dreamed of universal machines and constructors

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“Computing” continues to progress

2035

2055

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1955 1975 1995 2015 2035 2055

2035 one human brain/2055 all human brains

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What exists in 2015?

360,000 100,000 120,000 60,000 150,000

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Cognitive Assistants for all occupations are beginning to appear

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Cognitive Assistantsfor all occupations

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Occupations = Many Tasks

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Watson Discovery Advisor

Simonite, T. 2014. Software Mines Science Papers to Make New Discoveries. MIT. November 25, 2014.URL: http://m.technologyreview.com/news/520461/software-mines-science-papers-to-make-new-discoveries/

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User Models

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Brief History of AI

• 1956 – Dartmouth Conference• 1956 – 1981 Micro-Worlds• 1981 – Japanese 5th Generation• 1988 – Expert Systems Peak• 1990 – AI Winter• 1997 – Deep Blue• 1997 – 2011 Real-World• 2011 – Jeopardy! & SIRI• 2013 – Cognitive Systems Institute• 2014 – Watson Business Unit &• True North Brain Chip• 2015 – “Cognition as a Service”

on IBM Bluemix

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IBM TrueNorth Chip

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Learning to program:My first program

Early Computer Science Class:Watson Center at Columbia 1945

Jim Spohrer’s First Program 1972

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Watson Platform on BlueMix

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New Era of Computing:Cognitive Technologies & Componentry

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Natural Language– Reasoning, Logic & Planning– Symbolic Processing– Natural Language Processing– Ranking of Hypotheses– Knowledge Representations– Domain-Specific Ontologies– Information Storage/Retrieval– Machine Learning, Reasoning– Von Neumann Componentry– OpenPOWER Systems

Pattern Recognition– Recognition, Sensing & Acting– Pattern Processing– Image & Speech Processing– Ranking of Hypotheses– Pattern Representations– Domain-Specific Neural Nets– Information Storage/Retrieval– Machine Learning, Perception– Neuromorphic Componentry– TrueNorth & Corelets Systems

AI for IA: Intelligence Augmentation(Engelbart’s Visiion)

Cognitive Assistants(“Cogs”) that boost creativity and productivity of people in smart service systems.

Cognition as a Service

IBM Cloud Bluemix

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Learning Programming as Cognitive Team Sport

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T-Shaped MakersBreadth & Depth

sector

region/culture

discipline

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Data: From Resource to ServiceCloud

Social

Internet of Things

Makers

Cognitive

Security

Analytics

Cyber-Physical Systems

Smarter Planet

Smart Service Systems

Industry 4.0

Mobile

Collaborative Economy

Product-Service Systems

API Economy

Platforms

Barriers: Systems/Interdisciplinary

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“The best way to predict the future is to inspire the next generation of students to build it better”

Digital Natives Transportation Water Manufacturing

Energy Construction ICT Retail

Finance Healthcare Education Government

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Sciences provide…• Frameworks for people to ask and answer

questions systematically• Explanations with instructions on “how to re-do”

Kline: Conceptual Foundation of Multidisciplinary Thinking -“To our children and children’s children, to whom we elders owe an explanation of the worldthat is understandable, realistic, forward-looking, and whole.”

Proenneke:Alone in the Wilderness -To do a thorough testing, should each generationbe required to rapidly rebuildfrom scratch? A re-makers movement?

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Physics Chemistry Biology

Neuroscience Psychology ArtificialIntelligence

Engineering Management PublicPolicy

Education Design Humanities

Natural Systems

Cognitive Systems

Service Systems

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Explain external phenomena

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Explain internal phenomena

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Explainvalue co-creationphenomena

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Smart Service System:All entities’ in networkuse cognitive mediatorsto enhance value co-creation interactions

Cognitive Mediators:Cognitive systems with deep knowledge of both customer (user) and provider (expert)as co-creators of win-win value

Entity augmentation boosts both creativity and productivity of interactions

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In Summary

“A service scienceperspective considersthe evolving ecology of service system entities, their value co-creation andcapability co-elevationinteractions, and their capabilities, constraints,rights, and responsibilities.”

Cognitive SystemsEntities

Service SystemsEntities With

CognitiveMediators

Add Rights &Responsibilities

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CSIG: Cognitive Systems Institute Group

LinkedIn discussion Cognitive-Systems-Institute-6729452

Web site for resource sharing cognitive-science.info

Bluemix ibm.biz/HackBluemix ibm.biz/LearnBluemix $0.07 per GB-Hour (*) * = check online for current pricing info

Assisting individuals and organizations to close their service innovation skills gap

and co-create smarter service systems empowering employees, customers, citizens

with cognitive mediatorsin the collaborative service economy

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Programs Worldwide accelerating regional development

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IBM operates in 170 countries around the globe

Acquisitions contribute significantly to IBM’s growth ; ~120 acquisitions in last decade

Number 1 in patent generation for more than two decades

More than 40% of IBMs workforce does business away from an office

5 Nobel Laureates10 time winner of the President’s National Medal of Technology & Innovation – latest for LASIK laser refractive surgical techniques

The Smartest Machine On Earth

100 Years of Business & Innovation in 2011

New Era in IBM’s Leadership

IBM Growth Initiatives

IBM has ~400,000 employees worldwide

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Information & Computer Science

• “The single strongest impulse for introducing computers on campuses in the mid-1950s did not come from the schools themselves or from any federal agency, but instead from IBM.”

And Beyond… Utility Fog• Ultimate vision of

material and energy flows inseparable with information flows

• Universal Building Block– Utility Fog:

Manufactured Things– Cells:

Living Things